Hypoglycemia Flashcards
For the first seven hours of fasting the body’s glucose comes from
glycogenolysis
Glucagon activates
gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
Epinephrine activates
glycogenolysis, lipolysis, ketogenesis
Cortisol activates
gluconeogenesis
Growth hormone activates
lipolysis
Decrease in insulin results in increase in
FFA and ketones
50-55 ml blood glucose results in
awareness of symptoms
Whipple’s triad
Symptoms/signs compatible with hypoglycemia, low plasma glucose, resolution of symptoms when glucose returns to normal
Hypoglycemia causes ___ NS activation (neurogenic symptoms)
sympathetic
Neuroglycopenic include
confusion, dizziness, inability to concentrate, seizure, respiratory depression
____ modifies response to later episodes of hypoglycemia
previous episodes of hypoglycemia
Glucose meter readings are not ___, ___ test is required but you must inhibit ___ to get an accurate reading
accurate, lab, glycolysis
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia- ___ in adults and ___ in kids
insulinomas; congenital hyperinsulinism
Hallmark of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia
increased glucose utilization
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia has an abnormal response to ___ at the time of hypoglycemia because the ___ stores are depleted
glucagon; glycogen
Insulinoma Size Benign or malignant Number Location
Small
Benign
Solitary
Usually pancreas
Congenital Hyperinsulinism is associated with _ syndrome
beckwith wiedemann syndrome
Congenital Hyperinsulinism neonates present with
hypoglycemia and large birth weight
Congenital Hyperinsulinism can be __ or __ with an Adenomatous lesion
diffuse; focal
Diazoxide decreases ___ secretion by activating __ channels
insulin; potassium
____ affects potassium, Ca levels, and directly inhibits insulin secretion
Octreotide
Immune-Mediated Hypoglycemia creates antibodies to the ____ and is typically __ (time course)
insulin receptor; self limited
___ disease creates aBs to insulin and causes its release in a(n) ___ fashino
Hirata’s; unpredictable
Cortisol/GH deficiency partially impair __ and __ and present with ___ defects with a ____ pattern
lipolysis; gluconeogenesis; midline; Ketotic hypoglycemia
Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency are hyper____ and ____ and don’t respond to the __ test
lactic acidemia; hyperuricemia; glucagon
HIV positive children may have hypoglycemia if they take ___ for Pneumocystis carini
pentamidine
Alcohol induced hypoglycemia is during ___ state and the increased __ ratio inhibit gluconeogenic enzymes
fasting; NADH/NAD
Insulin should be ___ at the time of hypoglycemia
undetectable
Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency impairs both
gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
Fructose-1,6-
diphosphatase Deficiency impairs
gluconeogenesis
GSD type 3 impairs
glycogenolysis
