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Endocrine > Diabetes Oral Meds > Flashcards

Diabetes Oral Meds Flashcards

1
Q

All drugs except ___ are used for type II diabetes only

A

insulin

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2
Q

Only __ and __ are usable during pregnancy

A

Glyburide; metformin

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3
Q

__ is generally the first drug of choie

A

Metformin

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4
Q

___ should not be used with meglitinides

A

sulfonylureas

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5
Q

__ decreases gluconeogenesis at the liver

A

Metformin

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6
Q

4 advantageous actions of diabetes drugs

A

injectable v. pill
frequency of delivery
no hypoglycemia
weight neutral/weight loss

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7
Q

Major compliance reducing side effects of metformin (4)

A

Anorexia, GI Symptoms, Nausea, lactic acidosis

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8
Q

Metformin phosphorylates __ in the liver and decreases __

A

AMPK; gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

Metformin has an ___ onset and must be ___ up slowly

A

immediate; titrated

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10
Q

Metformin does not cause ___ (positive)

A

hypoglycemia

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11
Q

Contraindications of Metformin (5)

A

Metabolic acidosis, Hypoxic, cardiac, renal failure, type I diabetes

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12
Q

Metformin requires ___ for its action

A

insulin

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13
Q

Higher starting A1C with metformin results in ___ effect

A

greater

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14
Q

Metformin phosphorylation of AMPK decreases __ activity

A

ACC

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15
Q

Action of sulfonylureas

A

stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion

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16
Q

sulfonylureas bind sulfonyl receptors in ___ cells causing depol due to ___ channels

A

beta cells; potassium

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17
Q

Immediate effect during ___ ___ glucose level

A

pre meal

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18
Q

sulfonylureas may cause ___ __ due to non-physiological increases in insulin levels

A

weight gain

19
Q

sulfonylureas Metabolized via ___ and excreted by ___ so check with __ failure

A

liver; kidney; renal

20
Q

sulfonylureas cause insulin secretion for __ hours and meglitinides cause secretion for __ hours

A

12-24; 3-4

21
Q

meglitinides has the same mechanism as

A

sulfonylureas

22
Q

Major disadvantage of meglitinides

A

patient compliance

23
Q

meglitinides are metabolized by the ___ and excreted by

A

liver; GI tract

24
Q

Thiazolidinediones bind __ receptor causing increased ___ transporter

A

PPAR; GLUT4

25
Q

Thiazolidinediones causes major major ___ __ due to glycemic control and increased __ reabsorption

A

weight gain; Na

26
Q

Increased risk of __ cancer with Thiazolidinediones because of location of receptor

A

bladder

27
Q

Thiazolidinediones increase __ failure due to increased volume

A

heart

28
Q

Thiazolidinediones is __ onset unlike every other drug

A

slow

29
Q

Thiazolidinediones raises every lipid but

A

triglycerides

30
Q

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors inhibits ability of enzymes to break down ____

A

oligosaccharides

31
Q

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors delays ___ absorption and increases

A

gut carb; GLP-1

32
Q

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors affects __ __ glucose only

A

post-prandial

33
Q

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors causes ___ symptoms and shouldn’t be used with __ issues

A

GI

34
Q

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors excreted by

A

kidney

35
Q

GLP-1 is broken down by

A

DPP-4

36
Q

____ help release more insulin when glucose is taken PO

A

incretins

37
Q

Exenatide from ___ helps increases __ secretion

A

lizards; insulin

38
Q

GLP-1 effect takes glucose levels back to ___ and then the effect +++

A

normal; stops

39
Q

Contraindication for GLP-1 agonists

A

gastroparesis

40
Q

___ inhibitors help increase effects of GLP-1

A

DPP-4

41
Q

__ is exclusively expressed in the kidney and mediates glucose reabsorption

A

SGLT2

42
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors cause frequent ___ infections because of

A

vaginal; glucosuria

43
Q

Because of the SGLT2 induced diuresis, watch out for

A

hypotension/electrolyte loss

Endocrine (25 decks)

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