Adrenal Path Flashcards
Most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenals due to tumor, ectopic ACTH
ACTH independent Cushing causes include ___ due to ___ use and __ of the adrenal glands
iatrogenic; steroid; neoplasm
___ __ hyperplasia is the most common but only increases size from 4-6 cm to 6-__ cm (not a dramatic increase)
simple diffuse; 12
Grossly, the normal adrenal glands look __ (color) due to the medulla
brown
Adrenal cortical adenomas tend to be ____ (symptoms)
asymptomatic
Adrenal cortical adenomas pathologically look ___ (color) with ___ with no __ because they’re ___
clear; nests; mitoses; benign
Adrenal cortical carcinomas are ____ (tumor property)
malignant
Pathologically, Adrenal cortical carcinomas show classic malignant signs ___ and ___
necrosis and mitoses
Most common cause of hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal cortical adenomas
Conn’s syndrome is (hormone)
hyperaldosteronism
Conn’s syndrome cells don’t look like zona glomerulosa cells, they look like
zona fasciculata cells, and they’re clear
Clinical sign in females of androgen excess
male facial hair
Neoplasm of the adrenal medulla which causes catecholamine excess
(PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA)
Rule of __% for (PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA)
10- 10% each bilateral, extra adrenal, malignant, familial, children
10% doesn’t apply to __; its actually much higher around 35% for (PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA)
familial tumors
Adrenal medulla tumors arise from __ cells
chromaffin
Pheochromocytomas that are familial are passed on in this genetic pattern and are ___ (side)
autosomal dominant- bilateral
Wermer syndrome affected organs and gene
Affects the P’s
Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreatic islets
Gene- MENIN
MEN 2 syndrome Gene
Must remove ___
Ret; thyroid
Men 2a (Sipple) Organs
Thyroid C, adrenal medulla, Parathryoids
Men love 2a TAP Sipple nipples
Men 2b affect thyroid C and adrenal medulla as well as
neural tissue, skeletal and eye issues
