Adrenal Physiology Flashcards
Adrenocortical hormones are synthesized from __ by __
cholesterol; cytP450
Aldosterone synthase takes ___ and turns it into __, found only in ___ cells
glucocorticoids; aldosterone; glomerulosa
Blood supply of adrenal gland
capsular artery
Two main stimuli for aldosterone
Angiotensin II, K
Two stimuli for cortisol
ACTH is main, arginine vasopressin (weak)
Salt water balance regulation- __ cells measure volume and __ measures salt
granular; distal tubule
Aldosterone exchanges __ (excretes) for __ (keeps) and __ blood volume
K; Na; increases
Low sodium stimulates __ release
Renin
ACTH specific receptor and function
MC2R, increases LDL receptors to increase steroidogenesis
ACTH can also activate the __ receptor
Melatonin
11 beta HSD2 is present in __ rich tissue and does what
11HSD1 does what
MCR; inactivates cortisol to cortisone; cortisone to cortisol
MCR has a higher affinity for ___ than _
cortisol; mineralocorticoids
Black licorice can lead to ___ and __ because it prevents ___
hypokalemia; hypertension; cortisol conversion to cortisone
Main function of androgens from adrenal gland
stimulate pubarche
Medulla receives input from ___ NS; it acts like a ___ and releases catecholamines where
sympathetic; nerve ganglion; directly into the blood stream
Rate limiting step of catecholamine synthesis, what enzyme
Tyrosine to dopa; Tyrosine hydroxylase
PMNT does what and is upregulated by what
converts norepi into epi; cortisol
Most alpha adrenergic receptors are located on ___ or the ___
blood vessels
Beta adrenergic receptors are found where
heart; lung; smooth and skeletal muscle
Catecholamines are converted to ___ by MAO and COMT
metanephrines
First step of steroid synthesis
cleavage of cholesterol side chain to pregnenolone by CYP11A1
