Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine cells are ___ and highly __

A

ductless; vascularized

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2
Q

Endocrine endothelium is ___ to allow for easy diffusino

A

fenestrated

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3
Q

Epithelial endocrine organs are ___ derived except for the adrenal cortex which is

A

endothelial; mesodermal

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4
Q

Leydig cells and ovarian cells and ovarian stromal cells, granulosa and luteal cells have a __ pattern

A

mesenchymal

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5
Q

The posterior pituitary and the adrenal medulla have a ___ pattern

A

neural

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6
Q

Thyroid, parathyroid, Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex, Pancreatic islets all have a _ pattern

A

epithelial

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7
Q

Renal and GI endocrine cells have an ___ pattern

A

individual

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8
Q

Anterior pituitary arises from the __ of the ___

A

ectoderm of the oropharynx (oral ectoderm)

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9
Q

Posterior pituitary comes from the ___ of the __

A

neuroectoderm of the third ventricle

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10
Q

Anterior pituitary aka

A

master gland

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11
Q

Anterior pituitary regulated by factors release from

A

hypothalamic neurons

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12
Q

Posterior pituitary release

A

oxytocin, ADH

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13
Q

Pars distalis makes up the ___ of AP, ___ __ lies in between, and ___ ___ forms the sheath around infundibulum and contains veins from

A

bulk; pars intermedia; pars tuberalis; hypothalamus

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14
Q

Pituitary adenoma compresses

A

CNIII

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15
Q

In the posterior pituitary, the __ __ contains nerve endings and the __ forms the hypothalmohypohysial
tracts

A

pars nervosa; infundibulum

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16
Q

Pars distalis cell types- acidophils appear ___ and produce _ and _. Basophils in a smaller portion creare

A

pink; GH; PRL; ACTH, LH/FSH; TSH

17
Q

Chromophobes in the pars distalis lack ___

18
Q

The Neurohypophysis contains (3) and these nerves are __, this secretes

A

median eminence, infundibular stalk, pars nervosa; unmyelinated; ADH

19
Q

Support cells of the Neurohypophysis are called

A

pituicytes

20
Q

The thyroid develops from the

A

endodermal lining of pharyngeal floor

21
Q

The thyroid stores thyroglobulin where?

A

extracellularly in colloids

22
Q

Follicular cells surround a __ and store _ for creating/secreting _

A

colloid; thyroglobulin; T3/T4

23
Q

Parafollicular cells produce and release

A

calcitonin

24
Q

Lower parathyroid glands are derived from the __ arch and the upper parathyroid glands are derived from the __ arch

25
Three types of parenchymal cells in parathyroid and their function
Chief cells (PTH secreting), oxyphil cells (no known function), and adipose (increases with age)
26
Adrenal glands are embedded in perirenal fat where
at the superior pole of the kidney
27
The __ __ makes up 90% of the adrenal glands
outer cortex
28
The __ __ cells are similar to ___ neurons and secrete
inner medulla; sympathetic neurons; epinephrine; norepinephrine
29
Outside in organization of the adrenal cortex: zonas
glomerulosa; fasciculata; reticularis
30
Zona glomerulosa secretes
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
31
Zona fasciculata secretes ___ and contain
Glucocorticoids; steroid hormone precursors
32
Zona reticularis secretes
gonadocorticoids
33
The adrenal medulla is made up of __ cells
chromaffin
34
probably inhibits growth of axonal processes from chromaffin cells; __ also induces enzymes also induces enzymes which convert which convert norepinephrine norepinephrine to epinephrine
cortisol
35
Large dense core vesicles: secrete
norepinephrine
36
Small less dense core vesicles: secrete
epinephrine
37
The __ of the pancreas have endocrine function and are most numerous in the
islets; tail
38
The majority of pancreatic islets cells are the __ producing __ cells
insulin; beta