Histology

Question 1

Endocrine cells are ___ and highly __

Answer 1

ductless; vascularized

Question 2

Endocrine endothelium is ___ to allow for easy diffusino

Answer 2

fenestrated

Question 3

Epithelial endocrine organs are ___ derived except for the adrenal cortex which is

Answer 3

endothelial; mesodermal

Question 4

Leydig cells and ovarian cells and ovarian stromal cells, granulosa and luteal cells have a __ pattern

Answer 4

mesenchymal

Question 5

The posterior pituitary and the adrenal medulla have a ___ pattern

Answer 5

neural

Question 6

Thyroid, parathyroid, Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex, Pancreatic islets all have a _ pattern

Answer 6

epithelial

Question 7

Renal and GI endocrine cells have an ___ pattern

Answer 7

individual

Question 8

Anterior pituitary arises from the __ of the ___

Answer 8

ectoderm of the oropharynx (oral ectoderm)

Question 9

Posterior pituitary comes from the ___ of the __

Answer 9

neuroectoderm of the third ventricle

Question 10

Anterior pituitary aka

Answer 10

master gland

Question 11

Anterior pituitary regulated by factors release from

Answer 11

hypothalamic neurons

Question 12

Posterior pituitary release

Answer 12

oxytocin, ADH

Question 13

Pars distalis makes up the ___ of AP, ___ __ lies in between, and ___ ___ forms the sheath around infundibulum and contains veins from

Answer 13

bulk; pars intermedia; pars tuberalis; hypothalamus

Question 14

Pituitary adenoma compresses

Answer 14

CNIII

Question 15

In the posterior pituitary, the __ __ contains nerve endings and the __ forms the hypothalmohypohysial
tracts

Answer 15

pars nervosa; infundibulum

Question 16

Pars distalis cell types- acidophils appear ___ and produce _ and _. Basophils in a smaller portion creare

Answer 16

pink; GH; PRL; ACTH, LH/FSH; TSH

Question 17

Chromophobes in the pars distalis lack ___

Answer 17

vacuoles

Question 18

The Neurohypophysis contains (3) and these nerves are __, this secretes

Answer 18

median eminence, infundibular stalk, pars nervosa; unmyelinated; ADH

Question 19

Support cells of the Neurohypophysis are called

Answer 19

pituicytes

Question 20

The thyroid develops from the

Answer 20

endodermal lining of pharyngeal floor

Question 21

The thyroid stores thyroglobulin where?

Answer 21

extracellularly in colloids

Question 22

Follicular cells surround a __ and store _ for creating/secreting _

Answer 22

colloid; thyroglobulin; T3/T4

Question 23

Parafollicular cells produce and release

Answer 23

calcitonin

Question 24

Lower parathyroid glands are derived from the __ arch and the upper parathyroid glands are derived from the __ arch

Answer 24

3rd; 4th

Question 25

Three types of parenchymal cells in parathyroid and their function

Answer 25

Chief cells (PTH secreting), oxyphil cells (no known function), and adipose (increases with age)

Question 26

Adrenal glands are embedded in perirenal fat where

Answer 26

at the superior pole of the kidney

Question 27

The __ __ makes up 90% of the adrenal glands

Answer 27

outer cortex

Question 28

The __ __ cells are similar to ___ neurons and secrete

Answer 28

inner medulla; sympathetic neurons; epinephrine; norepinephrine

Question 29

Outside in organization of the adrenal cortex: zonas

Answer 29

glomerulosa; fasciculata; reticularis

Question 30

Zona glomerulosa secretes

Answer 30

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 31

Zona fasciculata secretes ___ and contain

Answer 31

Glucocorticoids; steroid hormone precursors

Question 32

Zona reticularis secretes

Answer 32

gonadocorticoids

Question 33

The adrenal medulla is made up of __ cells

Answer 33

chromaffin

Question 34

probably inhibits growth of axonal processes from chromaffin cells; __ also induces enzymes also induces enzymes which convert which convert norepinephrine norepinephrine to epinephrine

Answer 34

cortisol

Question 35

Large dense core vesicles: secrete

Answer 35

norepinephrine

Question 36

Small less dense core vesicles: secrete

Answer 36

epinephrine

Question 37

The __ of the pancreas have endocrine function and are most numerous in the

Answer 37

islets; tail

Question 38

The majority of pancreatic islets cells are the __ producing __ cells

Answer 38

insulin; beta