Histology Flashcards
Endocrine cells are ___ and highly __
ductless; vascularized
Endocrine endothelium is ___ to allow for easy diffusino
fenestrated
Epithelial endocrine organs are ___ derived except for the adrenal cortex which is
endothelial; mesodermal
Leydig cells and ovarian cells and ovarian stromal cells, granulosa and luteal cells have a __ pattern
mesenchymal
The posterior pituitary and the adrenal medulla have a ___ pattern
neural
Thyroid, parathyroid, Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex, Pancreatic islets all have a _ pattern
epithelial
Renal and GI endocrine cells have an ___ pattern
individual
Anterior pituitary arises from the __ of the ___
ectoderm of the oropharynx (oral ectoderm)
Posterior pituitary comes from the ___ of the __
neuroectoderm of the third ventricle
Anterior pituitary aka
master gland
Anterior pituitary regulated by factors release from
hypothalamic neurons
Posterior pituitary release
oxytocin, ADH
Pars distalis makes up the ___ of AP, ___ __ lies in between, and ___ ___ forms the sheath around infundibulum and contains veins from
bulk; pars intermedia; pars tuberalis; hypothalamus
Pituitary adenoma compresses
CNIII
In the posterior pituitary, the __ __ contains nerve endings and the __ forms the hypothalmohypohysial
tracts
pars nervosa; infundibulum
Pars distalis cell types- acidophils appear ___ and produce _ and _. Basophils in a smaller portion creare
pink; GH; PRL; ACTH, LH/FSH; TSH
Chromophobes in the pars distalis lack ___
vacuoles
The Neurohypophysis contains (3) and these nerves are __, this secretes
median eminence, infundibular stalk, pars nervosa; unmyelinated; ADH
Support cells of the Neurohypophysis are called
pituicytes
The thyroid develops from the
endodermal lining of pharyngeal floor
The thyroid stores thyroglobulin where?
extracellularly in colloids
Follicular cells surround a __ and store _ for creating/secreting _
colloid; thyroglobulin; T3/T4
Parafollicular cells produce and release
calcitonin
Lower parathyroid glands are derived from the __ arch and the upper parathyroid glands are derived from the __ arch
3rd; 4th
Three types of parenchymal cells in parathyroid and their function
Chief cells (PTH secreting), oxyphil cells (no known function), and adipose (increases with age)
Adrenal glands are embedded in perirenal fat where
at the superior pole of the kidney
The __ __ makes up 90% of the adrenal glands
outer cortex
The __ __ cells are similar to ___ neurons and secrete
inner medulla; sympathetic neurons; epinephrine; norepinephrine
Outside in organization of the adrenal cortex: zonas
glomerulosa; fasciculata; reticularis
Zona glomerulosa secretes
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Zona fasciculata secretes ___ and contain
Glucocorticoids; steroid hormone precursors
Zona reticularis secretes
gonadocorticoids
The adrenal medulla is made up of __ cells
chromaffin
probably inhibits growth of axonal processes
from chromaffin cells; __ also induces enzymes also induces enzymes which convert which convert norepinephrine norepinephrine to epinephrine
cortisol
Large dense core vesicles: secrete
norepinephrine
Small less dense core vesicles: secrete
epinephrine
The __ of the pancreas have endocrine function and are most numerous in the
islets; tail
The majority of pancreatic islets cells are the __ producing __ cells
insulin; beta
