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3. HLTH 213 > Thorax: Viscera (Pleura and lungs) > Flashcards

Thorax: Viscera (Pleura and lungs) Flashcards

1
Q

compartments in thoracic cavity:

A
  • 2 pleural cavities (lateral)

- mediastinum (central)

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2
Q

pleural cavity lined by:

A
  • simple squamous cells (mesothelium)

- and ct

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3
Q

two layers of pleura:

A
  • parietal

- visceral

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4
Q

name parts of parietal pleura:

A
  • diaphragmatic
  • costal
  • cervical (covered by suprapleural membrane)
  • mediastinal
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5
Q

pleural cavity: define features

A
  • potential space btw layers of pleura
  • contains layer of serous pleural fluid
  • pleural fluid lubricates pleural surfaces
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6
Q

visceral pleura: features

A
  • adheres to all surfaces of the lungs
  • even lobes and lung fissures
  • continuous w parietal pleura at hilum of lung
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7
Q

name pleural recesses:

A
  • costomediastinal

- costodiaphragmatic

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8
Q

costomediastinal recess: location

A

laterally btw costal and mediastinal pleura

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9
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess: location

A

laterally btw costal and diaphragmatic parts of pleura

- deepest after forced expiration

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10
Q

visceral pleura: innervation and features

A
  • insensitive to pain

- autonomic inn

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11
Q

parietal pleura: innervation and features

A
  • sensitive to pain

- somatic innervation

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12
Q

lungs: name basic parts

A
  • base
  • apex
  • costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic surfaces
  • ant/ post/ inf border
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13
Q

lobes of lungs:

A

R: horizontal and oblique fissures -> sup/ middle/ inf lobes

L: only oblique fissure -> sup/ inf lobes

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14
Q

bronchopulmonary segment: features

A
  • anatomical, functional and surgical unit of lungs

- each segment has own blood supply, nerve supply, lymph and separated by ct

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15
Q

bronchopulmonary segments: R

A

10

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16
Q

bronchopulmonary segments: L

A

8

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17
Q

root of lungs: features

A
  • principle bronchus
  • pulmonary v
  • bronchial v
  • lymphatic v
  • nerves
18
Q

root of lungs: covered by

A
  • pleural sleeve

- inf projection forms pulmonary lig

19
Q

mediastinal surface lung: R structures

A
  • heart
  • inf vena cava
  • sup vena cava
  • azygos v
  • esophagus
20
Q

mediastinal surface lung: L structures

A
  • heart
  • aortic arch
  • thoracic aorta
  • esophagus
21
Q

trachea: features

A
  • commences in neck C6

- bifurcates at T4/5 (sternal angle)

22
Q

trachea: difference btw R and L principal bronchus

A

R: wider, shorter, more vertical than L

- thus foreign particles more likely to enter R

23
Q

list whole bronchial tree (8):

A
  • primary (principal) bronchus
  • secondary (lobar) bronchus
  • tertiary (segmental) bronchus
  • terminal bronchiole
  • respiratory bronchiole
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs
  • alveolus
24
Q

conduction portion ends:

A

terminal bronchiole

25
Q

respiratory portion begins:

A

respiratory bronchiole

26
Q

pulmonary alveoli: features

A
  • basic structural unit of gas exchange
  • 300 mil alveoli/ lung
  • large SA
  • wall is one cell layer thick
27
Q

name lungs dual blood supply:

A
  • bronchial aa

- pulmonary aa

28
Q

lungs: bronchial aa function

A

nutrition

29
Q

lungs: pulmonary aa function

A

functional: exchange of gases

30
Q

main innervation: lungs and visceral pleura

A
  • pulmonary plexuses around tracheal bifurcation and main bronchi
31
Q

innervation of pulmonary plexuses: formed by visceral efferent fibres from

A
  • parasympathetic fibres (vagus n)

- sympathetic fibres (sympathetic chain)

32
Q

parasympathetic fibres: function

A
  • from vagus n
  • motor to smooth muscle of bronchial tree (bronchoconstrictor)
  • inhibitor to pulmonary v (vasodilator)
  • secretor to glands of bronchial tree (secretomotor)
33
Q

sympathetic fibres: function

A

opposite of parasympathetic

34
Q

lymph drainage: features

A
  • lymphatic plexuses communicate freely

- superficial (subpleural) and deep lymphatics drain into tracheobronchial nodes

35
Q

mechanics of breathing: breathing

A

pulmonary ventilation

36
Q

mechanics of breathing: quiet inspiration

A

achieved by muscle contraction

37
Q

mechanics of breathing: quiet expiration

A

results from muscle relaxation

38
Q

inspiration: features and muscles

A
  • size of thoracic cavity increases
  • diaphragm
  • ext intercostal mm
  • interchondral portion of int intercostal mm
39
Q

list anterior chest divisions:

A
  • anterior medial (midsternal lines)

- 2x midclavicular lines

40
Q

list lateral thorax divisions:

A
  • ant axillary line
  • midaxillary line
  • post axillary line
41
Q

list post thorax divisions:

A
  • post median (midvertebral) line

- 2x scapular lines

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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