Thorax: Viscera (Pleura and lungs)

Question 1

compartments in thoracic cavity:

Answer 1

• 2 pleural cavities (lateral)

- mediastinum (central)

Question 2

pleural cavity lined by:

Answer 2

• simple squamous cells (mesothelium)

- and ct

Question 3

two layers of pleura:

Answer 3

• parietal

- visceral

Question 4

name parts of parietal pleura:

Answer 4

• diaphragmatic
• costal
• cervical (covered by suprapleural membrane)
• mediastinal

Question 5

pleural cavity: define features

Answer 5

• potential space btw layers of pleura
• contains layer of serous pleural fluid
• pleural fluid lubricates pleural surfaces

Question 6

visceral pleura: features

Answer 6

• adheres to all surfaces of the lungs
• even lobes and lung fissures
• continuous w parietal pleura at hilum of lung

Question 7

name pleural recesses:

Answer 7

• costomediastinal

- costodiaphragmatic

Question 8

costomediastinal recess: location

Answer 8

laterally btw costal and mediastinal pleura

Question 9

costodiaphragmatic recess: location

Answer 9

laterally btw costal and diaphragmatic parts of pleura

- deepest after forced expiration

Question 10

visceral pleura: innervation and features

Answer 10

• insensitive to pain

- autonomic inn

Question 11

parietal pleura: innervation and features

Answer 11

• sensitive to pain

- somatic innervation

Question 12

lungs: name basic parts

Answer 12

• base
• apex
• costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic surfaces
• ant/ post/ inf border

Question 13

lobes of lungs:

Answer 13

R: horizontal and oblique fissures -> sup/ middle/ inf lobes

L: only oblique fissure -> sup/ inf lobes

Question 14

bronchopulmonary segment: features

Answer 14

• anatomical, functional and surgical unit of lungs

- each segment has own blood supply, nerve supply, lymph and separated by ct

Question 15

bronchopulmonary segments: R

Answer 15

10

Question 16

bronchopulmonary segments: L

Answer 16

8

Question 17

root of lungs: features

Answer 17

• principle bronchus
• pulmonary v
• bronchial v
• lymphatic v
• nerves

Question 18

root of lungs: covered by

Answer 18

• pleural sleeve

- inf projection forms pulmonary lig

Question 19

mediastinal surface lung: R structures

Answer 19

• heart
• inf vena cava
• sup vena cava
• azygos v
• esophagus

Question 20

mediastinal surface lung: L structures

Answer 20

• heart
• aortic arch
• thoracic aorta
• esophagus

Question 21

trachea: features

Answer 21

• commences in neck C6

- bifurcates at T4/5 (sternal angle)

Question 22

trachea: difference btw R and L principal bronchus

Answer 22

R: wider, shorter, more vertical than L

- thus foreign particles more likely to enter R

Question 23

list whole bronchial tree (8):

Answer 23

• primary (principal) bronchus
• secondary (lobar) bronchus
• tertiary (segmental) bronchus
• terminal bronchiole
• respiratory bronchiole
• alveolar ducts
• alveolar sacs
• alveolus

Question 24

conduction portion ends:

Answer 24

terminal bronchiole

Question 25

respiratory portion begins:

Answer 25

respiratory bronchiole

Question 26

pulmonary alveoli: features

Answer 26

- basic structural unit of gas exchange - 300 mil alveoli/ lung - large SA - wall is one cell layer thick

Question 27

name lungs dual blood supply:

Answer 27

- bronchial aa | - pulmonary aa

Question 28

lungs: bronchial aa function

Answer 28

nutrition

Question 29

lungs: pulmonary aa function

Answer 29

functional: exchange of gases

Question 30

main innervation: lungs and visceral pleura

Answer 30

- pulmonary plexuses around tracheal bifurcation and main bronchi

Question 31

innervation of pulmonary plexuses: formed by visceral efferent fibres from

Answer 31

- parasympathetic fibres (vagus n) | - sympathetic fibres (sympathetic chain)

Question 32

parasympathetic fibres: function

Answer 32

- from vagus n - motor to smooth muscle of bronchial tree (bronchoconstrictor) - inhibitor to pulmonary v (vasodilator) - secretor to glands of bronchial tree (secretomotor)

Question 33

sympathetic fibres: function

Answer 33

opposite of parasympathetic

Question 34

lymph drainage: features

Answer 34

- lymphatic plexuses communicate freely | - superficial (subpleural) and deep lymphatics drain into tracheobronchial nodes

Question 35

mechanics of breathing: breathing

Answer 35

pulmonary ventilation

Question 36

mechanics of breathing: quiet inspiration

Answer 36

achieved by muscle contraction

Question 37

mechanics of breathing: quiet expiration

Answer 37

results from muscle relaxation

Question 38

inspiration: features and muscles

Answer 38

- size of thoracic cavity increases - diaphragm - ext intercostal mm - interchondral portion of int intercostal mm

Question 39

list anterior chest divisions:

Answer 39

- anterior medial (midsternal lines) | - 2x midclavicular lines

Question 40

list lateral thorax divisions:

Answer 40

- ant axillary line - midaxillary line - post axillary line

Question 41

list post thorax divisions:

Answer 41

- post median (midvertebral) line | - 2x scapular lines