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3. HLTH 213 > Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

early development of urogenital region: general features

A
  • embryologically closely related
  • urogenital system developed from intermediate mesoderm extends along dorsal wall of embryo
  • urogenital ridges form laterally to dorsal aorta as elevation of intermediate mesoderm
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2
Q

early development of urogenital region: part of urogenital ridge give rise to:

A
  • urinary system from nephrogenic cords

- genital system from genital ridge

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3
Q

early development of urogenital region: kidney development

A
  • 3 successive sets of kidneys appear
  • develop in pelvic region and ascend to adult position on post ab wall
  • dev abnormalities of kidneys and ureters common
  • pronephros
  • mesonephros
  • metanephros
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4
Q

development of genital system: features

A
  • genetic sex -> fertilisation
  • male/ female morphological characteristics don’t begin to develop until 7th wk
  • primordial germ cells form in wall of yolk suck, migrate to genital ridges and differentiate into oogonia/ spermatogonia
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5
Q

development of genital system: Y chromosome use

A
  • SRY gene on short arm of Y chromosome needed for expression of testis- determining factor (TDF)
  • > gonadal cords into seminiferous cords (primordia of seminiferous tubules)
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6
Q

mullerian and wolffian ducts: red/ blue

A

red: wolffian
blue: mullerian

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7
Q

wolffian ducts:

A
  • mesonephric - epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles

- male

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8
Q

mullerian ducts:

A
  • paramesonephric - uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, upper 1/3 vagina
  • male
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9
Q

development of genital system: in 8th week

A
  • testosterone production has been established

- fetal testes produce antimullerian hormone (AMH) -> suppress dev of mullerian ducts

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10
Q

male organs: name groups functionally

A
  • gonads
  • ducts
  • accessory sex glands
  • copulatory organ
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11
Q

male organs: gonads

A

testes

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12
Q

male organs: ducts

A
  • epididymis
  • ductus deferens
  • ejaculatory ducts
  • urethra
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13
Q

male organs: accessory sex glands

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral glands
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14
Q

male organs: copulatory organ

A

penis

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15
Q

scrotum: features

A
  • cutaneous sack:
  • heavily pigmented skin
  • dartos fascia (smooth mm - dartos)
  • scrotum internally divided by scrotal septum and ext by scrotal raphe
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16
Q

scrotum: muscles

A
  • dartos: wrinkles skins

- cremaster: skeletal mm, elevates/lowers testes

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17
Q

testes: features and covered in

A
  • oval paired glands
  • sperm and hormones
  • covered in tunica vaginalis (serous membrane from peritoneum)
  • tunica albuginea (thick ct)
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18
Q

testes: tunica albuginea

A

extends inwards and divides testis into lobules (hold seminiferous tubules)

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19
Q

testes: Leydig cells

A
  • space btw seminiferous tubules

- produce testosterone

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20
Q

testes: blood supply

A
  • testicular aa (branch of ab aorta)
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21
Q

testes: lymph

A
  • lumbar

- preaortic lymph nodes

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22
Q

testes: descend of testes true

A
  • abdominal

- inguinal suprascrotal

23
Q

testes: descend of testes ectopic

A
  • prepenile
  • superficial ectopic
  • transverse scrotal
  • femoral
  • perineal

cryptochidism: absence of 1 or both testes from scrotum

24
Q

epididymis: features

A
  • tightly coiled ducts forming: head, body, tail

- site of sperm maturation, storage, propels into vas (ductus) deferens

25
Q

ductus (vas deferens): features

A
  • long muscular duct
  • continues from tail of epididymis
  • conveys sperm to ejaculatory ducts
  • dilated portion = ampulla
26
Q

eg. vasctomy:

A
  • cutting of ductus deferens and tied of/ and burned
27
Q

spermatic cord: feautres

A
  • supporting structure of male repro system ascends from scrotum
28
Q

spermatic cord: consists of

A
  • ductus deferens
  • testicular aa
  • veins (pampiniform plexus)
  • nerves and lymphatics
29
Q

eg. varicocele

A

enlargement of veins in scrotum which can be seen on surface of scrotum

30
Q

seminal vesicles: features

A
  • paired seminal vesicles post on base of urinary bladder

- secrete alkaline fluid rich in fructose

31
Q

seminal vesicles: unites with

A

ampulla of ductus deferens = ejaculatory duct which opens into prostatic part of urethra

32
Q

prostate: features

A
  • inferior to urinary bladder
  • surrounds prostatic urethra
  • alkaline secretion containing enzymes (PSA, amylase, protease)
  • enlargement of prostate after 45 common
33
Q

prostatic urethra: features

A
  • ejaculatory ducts empty independently into post aspect of prostatic urethra
  • numerous ducts open into urethra - prostatic secretions = contribute to semen formation
34
Q

bulbourethral glands: features

A
  • aka Cowper’s gland
  • pea size
  • paired on either side of membranous urethra, in deep perineal muscles, inf to prostate
  • open into spongy urethra
  • secrete alkaline fluid neutralise acid from urine
  • mucus lubricating urethra and tip of penis
35
Q

penis: features

A
  • root
  • body
  • glans
36
Q

penis: body

A
  • 2x corpora cavernosa (dorsolateral)

- corpus spongiosum (ventral)

37
Q

penis: corpora cavernosa

A
  • erectile cavernous tissue covered by tunica albuginea
38
Q

penis: corpus spongiosum

A
  • cavernous erectile tissue

- spongy urethra

39
Q

penis: glans penis formed by

A

corpus spongiosum

40
Q

penis: blood supply

A
  • internal pudendal aa:
  • dorsal
  • central
  • urethral
41
Q

penis: nerve supply

A

sacral spinal nerves (S2-4) - pudendal - deep/ superficial perineal n - post scrotal n - dorsal n of penis

42
Q

blood supply: internal iliac divides into

A

ant and post trunk

43
Q

blood supply: which trunk gives branches to supply viscera

A

ant trunk

44
Q

blood supply: ant trunk branches

A
  • umbilical aa
  • superior vesical
  • inf vesical
  • middle rectal aa
  • obturator
  • internal pudendal
  • inf gluteal aa
45
Q

blood supply: inf vesical aa supplies

A
  • bladder
  • ureter
  • prostate
  • seminal vesicles
46
Q

blood supply: internal pudendal aa

A

main artery of perineum

47
Q

blood supply: testicular aa

A
  • branches of abdominal aorta

- into spermatic cord

48
Q

blood supply: pelvic v drains into

A

pelvic veins drain into int iliac v

49
Q

blood supply: R testicular v drains into

A

IVC

50
Q

blood supply: L testicular v drains into

A

L renal v

51
Q

nerve supply: sympathetic fibres from

A
  • from spinal preganglionic fibres of T12- L2
52
Q

nerve supply: sympathetic fibres function

A
  • contraction of int anal sphincter, int urethral sphincter
  • smooth mm contraction of reproductive tract
  • facilitate movement of secretions during ejaculation
  • innervate blood vessels
53
Q

nerve supply: parasympathetic originate from

A
  • S2-S4
54
Q

nerve supply: parasympathetic fibres contribute to

A
  • vasodilation
  • bladder contraction
  • erection
  • modulate enteric plexuses distal to L colic flexure

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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