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3. HLTH 213 > Head and neck: Cranial nerves I > Flashcards

Head and neck: Cranial nerves I Flashcards

1
Q

which CN do not pass through brainstem?

A

CN I and II

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2
Q

which CN originated/ enter the brainstem?

A

CN III - XII

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3
Q

name CN I - XII

A 
I olfactory
II optic
III occulomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII vestibulocochlear
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI accessory
XII hypoglossal
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4
Q

enter/ exit features: CN I

A
  • olfactory n pass cribiform plate - form olfactory bulb

- pass as olfactory tract to limbic lobe

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5
Q

enter/ exit features: CN II

A
  • optic n exits retina through optic canal

- nasal fibres cross optic chiasm and pass optic tract -> thalamus in brain

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6
Q

enter/ exit features: CN III - XII

A
  • enter/ exit skull to/from brainstem through foramina

- enclosed in sheath from meninges inside and outside cranium (to extent)

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7
Q

CN III - XII: feature

A
  • have brainstem nuclei

- contains and process different functions of cranial n

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8
Q

cranial nerves: define nucleus

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies within CNS

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9
Q

cranial nerves: define ganglion

A

cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS

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10
Q

cranial nerves: efferent fibre types- name

A
  • outgoing ‘motor’
  • GSE
  • GVE
  • SVE
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11
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- name

A
  • coming in ‘sensory’
  • GSA
  • GVA
  • SVA
  • SSA
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12
Q

cranial nerves: efferent fibre types- GSE

A

general somatic efferent:

- inn general motor tissues (muscle)

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13
Q

cranial nerves: efferent fibre types- GVE

A

general visceral efferent:

  • have parasympathetic function
  • secretions of glands, dilate pupils etc.
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14
Q

cranial nerves: efferent fibre types- SVE

A

special visceral efferent:

- motor fibres inn special branchiomeric mm of head and neck: mm of mastication and facial expression

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15
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- GSA

A

general somatic afferent:

  • sensory input from head and neck (minimal body)
  • trigeminal nucleus major input
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16
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- GVA

A

general visceral afferent:

  • sensory input + input from specialised sensory receptors
  • barareceptors
  • chemoreceptors
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17
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- SVA

A

special visceral afferent:

- sensory input for taste

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18
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- SSA

A

special somatic afferent:

- sensory input of info about hearing and equilibrium

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19
Q

distribution: general somatic efferent (GSE)

A
  • skeletal mm of orbit, tongue, SCM, trapezius
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20
Q

distribution: special visceral efferent (SVE)

A
  • mm of mastication
  • skeletal mm of face, palate, larynx, pharynx
  • mm from pharyngeal arches
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21
Q

distribution: general visceral efferent (GVE)

A
  • parasym supply to smooth mm and glands of head, neck, trunk
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22
Q

distribution: general visceral afferent (GVA)

A

sensation from viscera- carotid body and sinus, pharynx, larynx, airways, lungs, heart, GIT

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23
Q

distribution: general somatic afferent (GSA)

A
  • general sensation (touch, pressure, temp etc.) from skin and mucous membranes of head
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24
Q

distribution: special visceral afferent (SVA)

A
  • taste

- smell

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25
Q

distribution: special somatic afferent (SSA)

A
  • vision
  • hearing
  • balance
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26
Q

CN have motor or sensory: olfactory

A

CN I

- sensory

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27
Q

CN have motor or sensory: optic

A

CN II

- sensory

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28
Q

CN have motor or sensory: occulomotor

A

CN III

- motor

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29
Q

CN have motor or sensory: trochlear

A

CN IV

- motor

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30
Q

CN have motor or sensory: trigeminal (opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)

A

CN V

  • motor
  • sensory
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31
Q

CN have motor or sensory: abducens

A

CN VI

- motor

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32
Q

CN have motor or sensory: facial

A

CN VII

  • motor
  • sensory
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33
Q

CN have motor or sensory: vestibulococchlear

A

CN VIII

- sensory

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34
Q

CN have motor or sensory: glossopharyngeal

A

CN IX

  • motor
  • sensory
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35
Q

CN have motor or sensory: vagus

A

CN X

  • motor
  • sensory
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36
Q

CN have motor or sensory: accessory

A

CN XI

- motor

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37
Q

CN have motor or sensory: glossopharyngeal

A

CN XII

- motor

38
Q

CN: parasympathetics- features

A
  • CN III, VII, IX, X
  • pre/post ganglionic fibres
  • pre: cell bodies in CNS
  • post: cell bodies outside CNS, ganglia close to structures they’re inn
39
Q

parasympathetic ganglia: for occulomotor

A

CN III

- ciliary

40
Q

parasympathetic ganglia: for facial

A

CN V

  • pterygopalatine ganglion
  • submandibular ganglion
41
Q

parasympathetic ganglia: glossopharyngeal

A

CN IX

- otic ganglion

42
Q

parasympathetic ganglia: vagus

A

CN X

- many, close to the organ supplied by brainches

43
Q

olfactory nerve: part of CNS n enters/ exits

A
  • limbic lobe of brain
44
Q

CN I olfactory nerve: part of skull n enters/ exits

A
  • foramina in cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
45
Q

CN I olfactory nerve: site of cell bodies

A
  • olfactory epithelium
46
Q

CN I olfactory nerve: function

A
  • smell from roof of nasal cavity

- sup aspect of nasal septum and sup conchae

47
Q

eg. anosmia:

A

loss of sense of smell

  • old age
  • head injuries w cribiform plate
  • fractures
  • meningeomas in ant cranial fossa
48
Q

eg. olfactory hallucinations

A
  • false perception of smell

- result of lesion in temporal lobe

49
Q

CN II optic nerve: enters/ exit skull

A
  • optic canal
50
Q

CN II optic nerve: enters/ exit CNS

A
  • occipital lobe -> primary visual cortex
51
Q

CN II optic nerve: features

A
  • optic n
  • optic chiasm
  • optic tracts
52
Q

CN II optic nerve: site of cell bodies

A
  • retinal ganglion

- support cell axons create optic n

53
Q

CN II optic nerve: function

A
  • vision

- perceives lights and colours -> intergrates them centrally to create vision

54
Q

CN II optic nerve: briefly describe visual field (R and L)

A
  • temporal (lateral) retina and nasal (medial) retina
  • R visual field from L temporal and R nasal
  • L visual field from L nasal and R temporal
55
Q

CN II optic nerve: which optic nerves cross/ don’t

A

cross:

  • L nasal
  • R nasal

don’t:

  • L temporal
  • R temporal
56
Q

eg. papillodema:

A
  • indicator of increased brain pressure
  • CSF buildup
  • brain tumour etc.
  • compresses central vein and suppresses venous return from retina
57
Q

eg. visual fields: R monocular blindness

A
  • cut at R optic nerves (before chiasm)
  • no vision in R eye
  • L eye unaffected
58
Q

eg. visual fields: bitemporal hemianopsia

A
  • lesion in optic chiasm: no crossing over
  • nasal visual field inaffected in both eyes
  • no temporal (peripheral vision)
59
Q

eg. visual fields: L homonymous hemianopsia

A
  • lesion in R optic tract
  • no L temporal and no R nasal visual field
  • L nasal and R temporal visual field unaffected
60
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve: enters/ exits skull

A
  • superior orbital fissure
61
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve: enters/ exits CNS

A
  • midbrain pierces dura

- enters and passes in lateral wall of cavernous sinus

62
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve: site of cell bodies (fibre types)

A
  • GSE: midbrain

- GVE: presynaptic (midbrain), postsynaptic (ciliary ganglion)

63
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve: function (fibre types)

A
  • GSE: supplies 4 extraocular mm (sup/ medial/ inf rectus, inf oblique) + levator palpebrae superioris
  • GVE: sphincter pupillae, ciliary mm of eye
64
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: sup rectus

A
  • elevation
  • adduction
  • medial rotation of eyeball
65
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: inf rectus

A
  • depression
  • adduction
  • lateral rotation of eyeball
66
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: medial rectus

A
  • adduction of eyeball
67
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: inf oblique

A
  • moves eyeball up and out
68
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: constrictor pupillae

A
  • constricts pupil
69
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: levator palpebrae superioris

A
  • elevation of upper eyelid
70
Q

CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: ciliary mm

A
  • contricts ciliary body

- relaxes tension on lens = allowing for accomodation

71
Q

eg. light reflex: normal

A
  • both pupils constrict
72
Q

eg. light reflex: CN III lesion

A
  • loss of consensual pupillary light reflex

- only 1 pupil constricted (shined on)

73
Q

eg. light reflex: CN II lesion

A
  • loss of direct pupillary light reflex

- not shined on pupil constricts

74
Q

CN IV trochlear nerve: enters/ exits skull

A
  • superior orbital fissure
75
Q

CN IV trochlear nerve: enters/ exits CNS

A
  • midbrain (only CN emerging dorsally from brainstem)

- pierces dura and passes in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus

76
Q

CN IV trochlear nerve: site of cell bodies

A
  • midbrain
77
Q

CN IV trochlear nerve: function (fibre types)

A
  • GSE: supplies sup oblique mm (eye ‘down and out’)
78
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve: enters/ exits skull

A
  • V1: sup orbital fissure
  • V2: foramen rotundum
  • V3: foramen ovale
79
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve: enters/ exits CNS

A
  • pons
80
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve: site of cell bodies

A
  • sensory fibres: trigeminal ganglion

- motor fibres: pons

81
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve: divisions (V1 etc)

A

V1: opthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular

82
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve: function (V1)

A

opthalmic GSA sensory from:

  • cornea
  • skin of forehead
  • scalp
  • eyelids
  • nose
  • mucous membranes of nasal cavity
  • paranasal sinuses
83
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve: function (V2)

A

maxillary GSA sensory from:

skin over: maxilla

  • upper lip
  • upper row of teeth and gums
  • mucous membranes of nose, maxillary sinuses, palate
84
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve: function (V3)

A

mandibular GSA sensory from:

skin over:

  • lower part of face
  • jaw
  • lower lip
  • lower row of teeth and gums
  • TMJ
  • mucous membranes of mouth
  • ant 2/3 of tongue

SVE motor to:
- mm of mastication, mylohyoid, ant belly digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani

85
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve branches: ophthalmic

A
  • tentorial
  • lacrimal
  • frontal (supraorbital, supratrochlear)
  • nasociliary (short/ long ciliary, infratrochlear, ant/ post ethmoidal etc.)
86
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve branches: maxillary

A
  • orbital branches
  • greater/ lesser palatine n
  • nasal n
  • pharyngeal n
  • zygomatic
  • ant/ post/ middle superior alveolar n
  • infraorbital n
87
Q

CN V trigeminal nerve branches: mandibular

A
  • motor + sensory roots = meningeal branch, n to medial pterygoid

then divides into:

  • ant trunk (buccal, masseteric, deep temporal, n to lateral pterygoid)
  • post trunk (auriculotemporal, lingual, inf alveolar n)
88
Q

CN VI abducens nerve: enters/ exits skull

A
  • sup orbital fissure
89
Q

CN VI abducens nerve: enters/ exits CNS

A
  • btw pons and medulla, has longest course of CN

- also pierce dura and passes through cavernous sinus

90
Q

CN VI abducens nerve: site of cell bodies

A

pons

91
Q

CN VI abducens nerve: function (fibre types)

A
  • GSE: supplies lateral rectus mm (abducts eye)
92
Q

eg. abducens palsy

A
  • contraction of lateral rectus mm

- doesn’t allow eye to turn outward

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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