Thorax: Abdominal Viscera I (GIT)

Question 1

primitive gut tube consists of:

Answer 1

• foregut
• midgut
• hindgut

Question 2

what contributes to arrangement of abdominal organs:

Answer 2

• intensive growth

- rotation of gut

Question 3

foregut: adult derivatives (7)

Answer 3

• distal esophagus
• stomach
• proximal part of duodenum
• liver
• gallbladder
• ant part of pancreas
• spleen

Question 4

foregut: blood supply

Answer 4

celiac trunk

Question 5

foregut: stomach and spleen movement

Answer 5

clockwise to L

Question 6

foregut: duodenum and dorsal pancreas movement

Answer 6

to the R fuse to body wall

Question 7

foregut: omental bursa

Answer 7

• aka lesser sack

- abdominal cavity behind stomach

Question 8

midgut: adult derivatives (5)

Answer 8

• distal part of duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum
• ascending colon
• proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 9

midgut: blood supply

Answer 9

superior mesenteric aa.

Question 10

hindgut: adult derivatives (4)

Answer 10

• distal 1/3 of transverse colon
• descending colon
• sigmoid colon
• superior part of rectum

Question 11

hindgut: blood supply

Answer 11

inferior mesenteric aa.

Question 12

abdominal esophagus: orginates

Answer 12

T10

Question 13

abdominal esophagus: passes where and what structures

Answer 13

through muscular part of diaphragm

- ant/ post vagal trunks

Question 14

abdominal esophagus: blood supply

Answer 14

• L inferior phrenic aa.

- L gastric aa.

Question 15

eg. hiatus hernias

Answer 15

• sliding

- paraesophageal

Question 16

stomach: muscularis externa layers (deep to superficial)

Answer 16

• longitudinal
• circular
• oblique

Question 17

stomach: list parts

Answer 17

• cardia
• fundus
• body
• pyloric antrum
• pyloric canal
• pyloric sphincter
• pylorus

Question 18

stomach: gastic glands produce

Answer 18

• HCl
• intrinsic factor
• pepsinogen
• enteric hormones

Question 19

stomach: list blood supply (9)

Answer 19

• L and R gastric aa.
• splenic aa.
• hepatic aa. proper
• L and R gastro-omental aa (gastro-epiploic)
• ant/ post superior pancreaticoduodenal aa.
• gastroduodenal aa.

Question 20

gastric visceral referred pain:

Answer 20

in epigastric region:

- splanchnic nn. to level T7 and T8 spinal cord segments

Question 21

duodenum: features

Answer 21

• C shaped
• head curves around pancreas
• partially retroperitoneal (1st part duodenum has mesentery)

Question 22

duodenum: which lig suspends duodenum where

Answer 22

• ligament of Treitz

- at duodenojejunal junction

Question 23

duodenum: list parts

Answer 23

• superior/ 1st
• descending/ 2nd
• horizontal/ 3rd
• ascending/ 4th

Question 24

duodenum: superior lies

Answer 24

• 1st

- anterolateral to L1

Question 25

duodenum: descending lies

Answer 25

- 2nd | - R of L1 - L3

Question 26

duodenum: horizontal lies

Answer 26

- 3rd | - crosses IVC, aorta and L3

Question 27

duodenum: ascending

Answer 27

- 4th | - sup to L2

Question 28

duodenum: blood supply and which parts

Answer 28

celiac trunk - proximal to entry of bile duct SMA - distal to entry of bile duct

Question 29

jejunum: location

Answer 29

L upper quadrant

Question 30

ileum: location

Answer 30

R lower quadrant

Question 31

jejunum: features

Answer 31

- long vasa recta - arcades: few large loops - less fat in mesentery

Question 32

ileum: features

Answer 32

- short vasa recta - arcades: many short loops - more fat in mesentery

Question 33

large intestine: anatomical features

Answer 33

- tenia coli - hausta - omental appendices

Question 34

large intestine: anatomical parts

Answer 34

- cecum and appendix - ascending colon - transverse colon - descending colon - sigmoid colon - rectum

Question 35

cecum: features

Answer 35

- blind intestinal pouch - inf to ileocecal junction in R iliac fossa - intraperitoneal organ

Question 36

cecum: ileocecal valve

Answer 36

- terminal ileum enters obliquely into cecum and invaginates forming valve

Question 37

appendix: features

Answer 37

- blind ended tube - suspended to terminal ileum by mesoappendix - large aggregations of lymphoid tissue in wall

Question 38

McBurney's point

Answer 38

- base of appendix lies at this anatomical landmark | - umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS): 1/3 way up

Question 39

what type of nerve fibres from appendix? and accompany what nerves to T10 segment

Answer 39

- afferent nerve fibres | - sympathetic nerves

Question 40

colon: retro/ intraperitoneal organs

Answer 40

- ascending/ descending= retro | - transverse/ sigmoid= intra

Question 41

colon: name flexures

Answer 41

- R colic flexure (hepatic) | - L colic flexure (splenic)

Question 42

colon: hepatic flexure location

Answer 42

- inf to R lobe of liver

Question 43

colon: splenic flexure location

Answer 43

- more superior than RCF | - ant to L kidney

Question 44

colon: which flexure is attached to the diaphragm by what?

Answer 44

- L colic flexure | - phrenicocolic lig

Question 45

colon: main blood supply

Answer 45

- superior mesenteric aa | - inferior mesenteric aa

Question 46

colon: lymph drainage

Answer 46

- epicolic nodes - paracolic nodes - intermediate nodes - principal nodes

Question 47

colon: SMA branches

Answer 47

- iliocolic - R colic - middle colic

Question 48

colon: inf mesenteric artery branches

Answer 48

- L colic - sigmoid - superior rectal