Peritoneal cavity Flashcards
abdominal cavity: features
- btw diaphragm and sup pelvic aperture (pelvic brim)
- anterolateral ab wall (entirely musculofascial)
- sufficient thickness and strength
- adequate protection for viscera
- posterolateral wall (lumbar spine, ilium, thorax (ribs)) also musculofascial component
abdominal cavity: contains (7)
- peritoneum (continuous 2 layers of serous membrane)
- fat
- digestive organs
- urinary organs
- suprarenal glands
- spleen
- nerves and blood vessels
peritoneum: name 2 layers
- parietal
- visceral
peritoneum: parietal
- lines abdominopelvic cavity
- v loose, allows movement of organs
- change bladder size and rectum
peritoneum: visceral
- invests organs
- suspends them
peritoneal cavity:
- potential space btw parietal and visceral peritoneum
- largest serous membrane in body
- completely closed in males, open at lateral ends of uterine tubes to communicate w ext
- serous fluid lubricates visceral p and allows mobile viscera to glide
in relation to peritoneum abdominal organs are classified as:
- intraperitoneal
- extra/retroperitoneal
intraperitoneal organs:
almost completely covered w visceral peritoneum, has supporting mesentery
retroperitoneal organs:
partially covered w visceral/parietal peritoneum without supporting mesentery
list intraperitoneal organs: (13)
- oesophagus
- stomach
- liver
- spleen
- pancreas TAIL
- first part of duodenum
- jejunum
- ilium
- cecum
- appendix
- transverse colon
- sigmoid colon
- uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries
list retroperitoneal organs: primary
- urinary bladder
- kidneys
- ureters
- suprarenal glands
- rectum (lower 1/3)
list retroperitoneal organs: secondary
- duodenum (second and third part)
- head, neck, body of pancreas
- ascending and descending colon
embryology: parietal peritoneum
derived from somatic mesoderm
embryology: visceral peritoneum
derived from splanchnic mesoderm
parietal peritoneum: nerve supply
somatic nerve supply:
- T7- T11 intercostal n
- T12 subcostal
- L1 (iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn)
EXTREMELY PAIN SENSITIVE
visceral peritoneum: nerve supply
- autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic: vagus n and parasympathetic fibres from spinal cord levels S2-S4
sympathetic fibres: sympathetic trunk at spinal cord levels T5-L2
parts of peritoneum:
- double layers of peritoneum form during development of gut to suspend developing organs to coelomic cavity
folds classified as:
- mesenteries
- omenta (greater and lesser)
- peritoneal ligs
mesentery: features
- double layer of peritoneum connecting organ to post ab wall
- core of ct. and variable amounts of fat
- carries neurovascular and lymphatic structures
mesentery: name them
- mesentery of small intestine (extends obliquely from duodenojejunal junction to ileocolic junction)
- transverse mesocolon
- sigmoid mesocolon
omentum: features
- double layer of peritoneum connecting stomach to surrounding organs
omentum: greater
- large apron-like peritoneal fold
- hangs down from greater curvature of stomach and proximal part of duodenum
- then folds back and attaches to transverse colon
omentum: lesser
- connects lesser curvature of stomach and proximal part of duodenum to liver
peritoneal ligs: features
- double layer of peritoneum connecting organ to another organ or ab wall
- stomach ligs
- liver ligs
peritoneal ligs: stomach
- gastrophrenic
- gastrosplenic
- gasstrocolic
peritoneal ligs: liver
- falciform
- hepatogastric
- hepatoduodenal
peritoneal cavity: name them
- greater peritoneal sac
- lesser peritoneal sac or omental bursa
peritoneal cavity: greater peritoneal sac
- entire peritoneal cavity but for omental bursa
peritoneal cavity: lesser peritoneal sac or omental bursa
- lies post to stomach and adjacent structures
- superior recess: below diaphragm
- inferior recess: btw layers of greater omentum
omental bursa: name boundaries of omental foramen (epiploic)
- ant
- post
- sup
- inf
omental bursa: ant boundary
- portal v
- hepatic aa
- bile duct
= portal triad
omental bursa: post boundary
- IVC
- R crus of liver
omental bursa: sup boundary
caudate liver lobe
omental bursa: inf boundary
first part of duodenum
peritoneal cavity: transverse mesocolon divides abdominal cavity into
- supracolic compartment
- infracolic compartment
supracolic compartment contains:
- stomach
- liver
- spleen
infracolic compartment contains:
- small intestine
- ascending/ descending colon
eg. peritonitis:
- flow of inflammatory exudate, abscess formation
- peritoneal adhesions
- inflammation, infection, v painful, potentially fatal
eg. ascites:
- fluid in omental bursa
- intestine in omental bursa
- sign of liver disease, portal hypertension
