Female reproductive system Flashcards
internal reproductive organs:
- ovaries
- fallopian tubes
- uterus
- vagina
external reproductive organs:
vulva
ovaries: features
- almond shaped glands
- lateral walls of lesser pelvis
ovaries: function
- produce gametes
- produce hormones (oestrogen, progesterone, relaxin)
ovaries: ovarian follicles
- females born w definite no. of primary oocytes
- oocytes remain arrested in development at first meiotic division
- only 400 mature to ova
uterine tubes: features
- extend from uterine horns and open into peritoneal cavity near ovaries
4 parts:
- infundibulum
- ampulla
- isthmus
- uterine part
eg. ectopic pregnancy
- where fertilised embryo gets implanted anywhere BUT in uterus
- interstitial
- tubal (isthmus/ ampullar)
- infundibular
- ovarian
- peritoneal
- cervical
uterus: features
- thick walled pear shaped
- less pelvis w body on top of urinary bladder and neck (cervix) btw urinary bladder and rectum
uterus: reflexion of peritoneum over uterus and surrounding organs:
- forms two pouches:
- vesicouterine
- rectouterine (pouch of Douglas)
uterus: divided into
- body w fundus and uterus
- cervix
uterus: ligs
- body of uterus: layers of broad lig -> keep uterus in place
- post prolongation of broad lig = suspensory lig of ovary
- round ligs - fibrous ct from uterus inf to uterine tubes to labia majora
menstrual cycle: cells
primary follicle - secondary follicle - vesicular follicle - ovulation - corpus luteum - degenerating corpus luteum
uterus in pregnancy:
- hypertrophy (get bigger)
- hyperplasia (increased no. of muscle cells)
cervix: features
- narrow portion of uterus
- cervical canal opens into uterine cavity at internal cervical os
- into vagina at external cervical os
cervix: anteflexion angle
- body of uterus forms angle w axis of cervix
cervix: anteversion angle
- btw axis of cervix and vagina
blood supply: uterus
- abdominal aorta -> ovarian aa
- internal ilac -> uterine aa
- uterine veins form uterine venous plexuses within broad lig -> drain into internal iliac v
vagina: features
- fibromuscular tube btw uterine cervix and vestibule
- vaginal canal normally collapsed
- post to urethra and urinary bladder
- ant to rectum passing btw medial margins of levator ani mm
vagina: inferiorly opens in
- vestibule of perineum
vagina: superiorly forms
- fornices (recesses) around cervix
- ant
- post
- 2x lateral
ligaments over pelvic organs:
- uterosacral lig
- transverse cervical
- pubocervical
- rectovaginal septum
broad lig: oriented
- coronal plane from uterine walls
broad lig: parts
- mesometrium
- mesosalpinx
- mesovarium
superficial perineal pouch: consists of
- crura of clitoris
- bulbs of vestibule
- greater vestibular glands
- superficial transverse perineal mm
- branches of in pudendal vessels and perineal n
vulva: aka and refers to
- pudendum
- external genitals
vulva: parts
- mons pubis
- labia majora
- labia minora
- clitoris
- vestibule
blood supply: ant trunk of internal illac aa branches
- umbilical aa
- superior vesical aa
- vaginal aa (major to vagina)
- middle rectal aa
- obturator aa
- internal pudendal aa
- inferior gluteal aa
- uterine
blood supply: uterine aa pathway
- passes within base of broad lig, crossing ureter and reaching lateral vaginal fornix
- then ascends along lateral uterine margin to anastamose w ovarian aa
blood supply: ovarian aa pathway
- branches of ab aorta -> descend pass pelvic brim, travel to suspensory lig of ovary
blood supply: pelvic veins drain into
internal iliac v
blood supply: R ovarian v drains into
IVC
blood supply: L ovarian v drains into
L renal v
lymphatic drainage:
- follows distrubution of int/ ext iliac aa and their branches to lymph nodes around common iliac aa and aortic nodes
nerve supply: sympathetic fibres derived from
spinal preganglionic fibres T12 - L2
nerve supply: sympathetic fibres cause
- contraction of internal anal sphincter
- smooth mm contraction of reproductive tract
nerve supply: parasympathetic fibres originate from
- spinal cord levels S2-4
nerve supply: parasympathetic fibres contribute to
- vasodilation
- bladder contraction
- modulation of enteric plexuses from L colic flexure
anaesthesia for childbirth: types
- general anaesthesia
- regional anaesthesia
- caudal epidural block
anaesthesia for childbirth: types of regional anaesthesia
- spinal block
- pudendal nerve block
anaesthesia for childbirth: spinal block
- L3-4 spinal subarachnoid space
- umbilicus down desensitised
anaesthesia for childbirth: pudendal n block
- injection over pudendal n around ischial spine
- only areas innervated by pudendal
breasts: location
circular bed of female breast:
- transversely from lateral border of sternum to midaxillary line
- vertically from 2-6 rib
breasts: features
- btw breast and pectoral fascia is loose ct -> retromammary space
- breast attached to skin by suspensory ligs
breasts: pitting of skin from
- tension of ligs in breast carcinoma (cancer)
mammary gland: features
- modified sweat gland
- secretory lobules and ducts
- lactiferous ducts (15-20) open independently in nipple, surrounded by areola
- adipose tissue predominates non-lactating gland
blood supply: arteries (breasts)
- branches of
- axillary aa
- post intercostal aa (2-4th)
- internal intercostal aa
blood supply: venous drainage (breasts)
- follow aa
lymphatic drainage: nodes (breasts)
- axillary lymph nodes (75%)
- parasternal nodes
- intercostal nodes
lymphatic drainage: communicates w (breasts)
- supra/ infraclavicular
- bronchomediastinal lymph nodes
