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3. HLTH 213 > Thorax: Pelvis and perineum > Flashcards

Thorax: Pelvis and perineum Flashcards

1
Q

pelvis: name parts

A
  • greater pelvis

- lesser pelvis

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2
Q

pelvis: greater pelvis

A
  • false pelvis
  • ilium and pubis above linea terminalis
  • part of abdominal cavity
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3
Q

pelvis: lesser pelvis

A
  • true pelvis
  • sacrum and coccyx
  • where pelvic floor exists
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4
Q

pelvis: structure which separates greater and lesser pelvis

A

pelvic inlet

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5
Q

pelvis: pelvic inlet and list borders

A
  • superior pelvic aperture

- post/ lateral/ ant borders

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6
Q

pelvic inlet: post border

A
  • pelvic brim

- sacral promontory

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7
Q

pelvic inlet: lateral border

A
  • iliopectineal line
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8
Q

pelvic inlet: anterior border

A
  • pubic symphysis
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9
Q

pelvic outlet: list borders

A
  • inferior pelvic aperture

- post/ lateral/ ant borders

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10
Q

pelvic outlet: post border

A
  • coccyx

- sacrum

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11
Q

pelvic outlet: lateral border

A
  • ischial tuberosities and sciatic notch
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12
Q

pelvic outlet: anterior border

A
  • pelvic arch btw converging pubic rami
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13
Q

orientation of pelvis tilt:

A
  • coronal plane

- ASIS and pubic tubercle in same plane

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14
Q

obturator foramen: male

A

round

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15
Q

obturator foramen: female

A

oval

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16
Q

pelvic inlet: female

A

oval

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17
Q

pelvic inlet: male

A

heart shaped

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18
Q

pelvic outlet: which larger?

A

female

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19
Q

ischial spine projection: female

A

does not project far medially unlike males

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20
Q

lumbosacral joints: types

A
  • zygapophyseal

- intervertebral discs

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21
Q

lumbosacral joints: classify IVD

A
  • secondary cartilaginous (symphysis)
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22
Q

lumbosacral joints: ligaments associated

A
  • iliolumbar
  • ant longitudinal lig
  • lumbosacral lig
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23
Q

sacroiliac joint: classification

A

synovial plane

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24
Q

sacroiliac joint: articulating surfaces

A

auricular surface of ilium + sacrum

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25
Q

sacroiliac joint: ligaments (5)

A
  • interosseous lig
  • ant sacroiliac
  • post sacroiliac
  • sacrotuberous lig
  • sacrospinous
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26
Q

sacroiliac joint: movements

A
  • gliding, slight rotation

- may ossify with aging

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27
Q

sacrococcygeal joint: classification

A
  • IV disc

- 2ndary cartilaginous joint

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28
Q

pubic symphysis: classification

A

cartilaginous (symphysis)

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29
Q

pubic symphysis: articulating surfaces

A
  • pubic bones (hyaline cartilage)

- symphyseal surfaces (fibrocartilage disc)

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30
Q

pubic symphysis: ligaments

A
  • superior/ inferior pubic
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31
Q

pelvic ligaments during pregnancy: features

A
  • pelvic joints/ ligs relax
  • pelvic movement increase
  • coccyx moves post during childbirth (accomodate for movement of foetus -> travel down birth canal)
  • all these changes occur as result of increase in sex hormones and hormone relaxin
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32
Q

ligaments associated with pregnancy:

A
  • round lig
  • broad lig
  • uterosacral lig
33
Q

pelvic wall: bones

A
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
  • ilium
  • pubis
  • ischium
34
Q

pelvic wall: ligaments

A
  • sacrotuberous
  • sacrospinous
  • obturator membrane
35
Q

pelvic wall: muscles

A
  • obturator internus
  • piriformis
  • pelvic floor muscles (levator ani, coccygeus)
36
Q

piriformis: forms

A
  • forms posterolateral wall
37
Q

piriformis: attached to

A

anterior sacrum near PIIS of ilium, capsule of sacroiliac joint

38
Q

piriformis: passes through and inserts

A

greater sciatic foramen and attaches to greater trochanter

39
Q

obturator internus: forms

A

anterolateral wall

40
Q

obturator internus: attaches to

A

obturator foramen

41
Q

obturator internus: passes through and inserts

A

lesser sciatic foramen and attaches to greater trochanter

42
Q

pelvic floor: formed by

A
  • pelvic diaphragm

- thin musculofascial sheet covering levator ani mm

43
Q

pelvic diaphragm significance:

A
  • separates pelvic cavity from perineum
44
Q

perineum: general features

A
  • diamond shaped region below pelvic floor
45
Q

perineum: made up of

A
  • urogenital triangle

- anal triangle

46
Q

perineum: contents

A
  • genitalia
  • urinary openings
  • anus
47
Q

levator ani: name all muscles

A
  • ischiococcygeus (aka coccygeus)
  • iliococcygeus
  • pubococcygeus (puborectalis, pubovaginalis, puboanalis, pubourethralis)
48
Q

pelvic cavity: contents (7)

A
  • urinary bladder
  • terminal parts of ureters
  • pelvic genital organs
  • rectum
  • blood vessels
  • lymphatics
  • nerves
49
Q

perineum: contents (5)

A
  • penis
  • scrotum
  • vagina
  • vulva (outer component - labia majora/minor)
  • anus
50
Q

pelvic nerves: main trunk

A
  • lumbosacral nerve trunk
51
Q

pelvic nerves: main plexuses

A
  • sacral and coccygeal plexus
52
Q

pelvic nerves: supply

A

both somatic and autonomic supply

53
Q

pelvic nerves: what nerves form plexuses

A
  • ventral rami of sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves
54
Q

pelvic nerves: sympathetic ganglion provide

A

grey rami

55
Q

pelvic nerves: parasympathetic fibres form

A
  • pelvic splanchnic nerves that enter tiny ganglia near organ of innervation
  • S2-4
56
Q

pelvic nerves: sacral sympathetic trunk provides fibres to

A
  • provides postsynaptic fibres to:
  • inf hypogastric plexuses
  • sacral plexus for innervation of lower limb
57
Q

pelvic nerves: sacral parasympathetic plexuses- what originates from S2-4 spinal segments

A
  • pelvic splanchnic nerves
58
Q

pelvic nerves: pelvic splanchnic + sympathetic fibres =

A

inferior hypogastric plexuses

59
Q

pelvic nerves: name inferior hypogastric plexuses

A
  • rectal
  • vesical
  • uterovaginal
60
Q

innervation: pudendal nerve sensory

A
  • S3-4

- sensory from external genitalia and anus -> afferent component of erection

61
Q

innervation: pudendal nerve motor to

A
  • external urethral sphincter and external anal sphincter, levator ani, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernous mm
62
Q

innervation: coccygeal plexus

A
  • S4/5 and Coccyx 1

- anococcygeal n.

63
Q

coccygeal plexus: supplies

A

skin of coccyx

64
Q

superior gluteal nerve:

A
  • L4/5 and S1

- innervates gluteus medius, minimus, TFL

65
Q

inferior gluteal nerve:

A
  • L5 and S1/2

- innervates gluteus maximus

66
Q

pelvic arteries: abdominal aorta splits into

A
  • R common iliac

- L common iliac

67
Q

pelvic arteries: R common iliac splits into

A
  • external iliac

- internal iliac

68
Q

pelvic arteries: external iliac

A
  • deep circumflex

- inferior epigastric aa

69
Q

pelvic arteries: internal iliac

A
  • posterior trunk

- anterior trunk

70
Q

pelvic arteries: posterior trunk

A
  • iliolumbar
  • lateral sacral
  • superior gluteal
71
Q

pelvic arteries: anterior trunk (8)

A
  • superior vesical
  • inferior vesical
  • middle rectal
  • vaginal
  • obturator
  • uterine
  • internal pudendal
  • inferior gluteal
72
Q

arteries which enter true pelvis: (4)

A
  • gonadal
  • median sacral
  • internal iliac
  • superior rectal
73
Q

arise from: gonadal artery

A
  • abdominal aorta at level/ below renal arteries
74
Q

arise from: median sacral artery

A
  • midline from bifurcation of abdominal aorta
75
Q

arise from: internal iliac artery

A
  • branch of common iliac artery
76
Q

arise from: superior rectal artery

A
  • branch of inferior mesenteric artery
77
Q

pelvic veins: which drain into common iliac vein

A
  • internal pudendal

- median sacral

78
Q

pelvic veins: which drain into internal iliac vein

A
  • superior and inferior gluteal v
  • obturator v
  • middle rectal v
  • lateral sacral v
79
Q

pelvic veins: which drain into external iliac vein

A
  • inferior epigastric
  • deep circumflex
  • pubic v

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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