Thorax: Pelvis and perineum Flashcards
1
Q
pelvis: name parts
A
- greater pelvis
- lesser pelvis
2
Q
pelvis: greater pelvis
A
- false pelvis
- ilium and pubis above linea terminalis
- part of abdominal cavity
3
Q
pelvis: lesser pelvis
A
- true pelvis
- sacrum and coccyx
- where pelvic floor exists
4
Q
pelvis: structure which separates greater and lesser pelvis
A
pelvic inlet
5
Q
pelvis: pelvic inlet and list borders
A
- superior pelvic aperture
- post/ lateral/ ant borders
6
Q
pelvic inlet: post border
A
- pelvic brim
- sacral promontory
7
Q
pelvic inlet: lateral border
A
- iliopectineal line
8
Q
pelvic inlet: anterior border
A
- pubic symphysis
9
Q
pelvic outlet: list borders
A
- inferior pelvic aperture
- post/ lateral/ ant borders
10
Q
pelvic outlet: post border
A
- coccyx
- sacrum
11
Q
pelvic outlet: lateral border
A
- ischial tuberosities and sciatic notch
12
Q
pelvic outlet: anterior border
A
- pelvic arch btw converging pubic rami
13
Q
orientation of pelvis tilt:
A
- coronal plane
- ASIS and pubic tubercle in same plane
14
Q
obturator foramen: male
A
round
15
Q
obturator foramen: female
A
oval
16
Q
pelvic inlet: female
A
oval
17
Q
pelvic inlet: male
A
heart shaped
18
Q
pelvic outlet: which larger?
A
female
19
Q
ischial spine projection: female
A
does not project far medially unlike males
20
Q
lumbosacral joints: types
A
- zygapophyseal
- intervertebral discs
21
Q
lumbosacral joints: classify IVD
A
- secondary cartilaginous (symphysis)
22
Q
lumbosacral joints: ligaments associated
A
- iliolumbar
- ant longitudinal lig
- lumbosacral lig
23
Q
sacroiliac joint: classification
A
synovial plane
24
Q
sacroiliac joint: articulating surfaces
A
auricular surface of ilium + sacrum
25
sacroiliac joint: ligaments (5)
- interosseous lig
- ant sacroiliac
- post sacroiliac
- sacrotuberous lig
- sacrospinous
26
sacroiliac joint: movements
- gliding, slight rotation
| - may ossify with aging
27
sacrococcygeal joint: classification
- IV disc
| - 2ndary cartilaginous joint
28
pubic symphysis: classification
cartilaginous (symphysis)
29
pubic symphysis: articulating surfaces
- pubic bones (hyaline cartilage)
| - symphyseal surfaces (fibrocartilage disc)
30
pubic symphysis: ligaments
- superior/ inferior pubic
31
pelvic ligaments during pregnancy: features
- pelvic joints/ ligs relax
- pelvic movement increase
- coccyx moves post during childbirth (accomodate for movement of foetus -> travel down birth canal)
- all these changes occur as result of increase in sex hormones and hormone relaxin
32
ligaments associated with pregnancy:
- round lig
- broad lig
- uterosacral lig
33
pelvic wall: bones
- sacrum
- coccyx
- ilium
- pubis
- ischium
34
pelvic wall: ligaments
- sacrotuberous
- sacrospinous
- obturator membrane
35
pelvic wall: muscles
- obturator internus
- piriformis
- pelvic floor muscles (levator ani, coccygeus)
36
piriformis: forms
- forms posterolateral wall
37
piriformis: attached to
anterior sacrum near PIIS of ilium, capsule of sacroiliac joint
38
piriformis: passes through and inserts
greater sciatic foramen and attaches to greater trochanter
39
obturator internus: forms
anterolateral wall
40
obturator internus: attaches to
obturator foramen
41
obturator internus: passes through and inserts
lesser sciatic foramen and attaches to greater trochanter
42
pelvic floor: formed by
- pelvic diaphragm
| - thin musculofascial sheet covering levator ani mm
43
pelvic diaphragm significance:
- separates pelvic cavity from perineum
44
perineum: general features
- diamond shaped region below pelvic floor
45
perineum: made up of
- urogenital triangle
| - anal triangle
46
perineum: contents
- genitalia
- urinary openings
- anus
47
levator ani: name all muscles
- ischiococcygeus (aka coccygeus)
- iliococcygeus
- pubococcygeus (puborectalis, pubovaginalis, puboanalis, pubourethralis)
48
pelvic cavity: contents (7)
- urinary bladder
- terminal parts of ureters
- pelvic genital organs
- rectum
- blood vessels
- lymphatics
- nerves
49
perineum: contents (5)
- penis
- scrotum
- vagina
- vulva (outer component - labia majora/minor)
- anus
50
pelvic nerves: main trunk
- lumbosacral nerve trunk
51
pelvic nerves: main plexuses
- sacral and coccygeal plexus
52
pelvic nerves: supply
both somatic and autonomic supply
53
pelvic nerves: what nerves form plexuses
- ventral rami of sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves
54
pelvic nerves: sympathetic ganglion provide
grey rami
55
pelvic nerves: parasympathetic fibres form
- pelvic splanchnic nerves that enter tiny ganglia near organ of innervation
- S2-4
56
pelvic nerves: sacral sympathetic trunk provides fibres to
- provides postsynaptic fibres to:
- inf hypogastric plexuses
- sacral plexus for innervation of lower limb
57
pelvic nerves: sacral parasympathetic plexuses- what originates from S2-4 spinal segments
- pelvic splanchnic nerves
58
pelvic nerves: pelvic splanchnic + sympathetic fibres =
inferior hypogastric plexuses
59
pelvic nerves: name inferior hypogastric plexuses
- rectal
- vesical
- uterovaginal
60
innervation: pudendal nerve sensory
- S3-4
| - sensory from external genitalia and anus -> afferent component of erection
61
innervation: pudendal nerve motor to
- external urethral sphincter and external anal sphincter, levator ani, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernous mm
62
innervation: coccygeal plexus
- S4/5 and Coccyx 1
| - anococcygeal n.
63
coccygeal plexus: supplies
skin of coccyx
64
superior gluteal nerve:
- L4/5 and S1
| - innervates gluteus medius, minimus, TFL
65
inferior gluteal nerve:
- L5 and S1/2
| - innervates gluteus maximus
66
pelvic arteries: abdominal aorta splits into
- R common iliac
| - L common iliac
67
pelvic arteries: R common iliac splits into
- external iliac
| - internal iliac
68
pelvic arteries: external iliac
- deep circumflex
| - inferior epigastric aa
69
pelvic arteries: internal iliac
- posterior trunk
| - anterior trunk
70
pelvic arteries: posterior trunk
- iliolumbar
- lateral sacral
- superior gluteal
71
pelvic arteries: anterior trunk (8)
- superior vesical
- inferior vesical
- middle rectal
- vaginal
- obturator
- uterine
- internal pudendal
- inferior gluteal
72
arteries which enter true pelvis: (4)
- gonadal
- median sacral
- internal iliac
- superior rectal
73
arise from: gonadal artery
- abdominal aorta at level/ below renal arteries
74
arise from: median sacral artery
- midline from bifurcation of abdominal aorta
75
arise from: internal iliac artery
- branch of common iliac artery
76
arise from: superior rectal artery
- branch of inferior mesenteric artery
77
pelvic veins: which drain into common iliac vein
- internal pudendal
| - median sacral
78
pelvic veins: which drain into internal iliac vein
- superior and inferior gluteal v
- obturator v
- middle rectal v
- lateral sacral v
79
pelvic veins: which drain into external iliac vein
- inferior epigastric
- deep circumflex
- pubic v
