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3. HLTH 213 > Head and neck: Cervical plexus, nerves, symp. supply > Flashcards

Head and neck: Cervical plexus, nerves, symp. supply Flashcards

1
Q

types of fibres: main

A
  • motor
  • sensory
  • autonomic
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2
Q

fibre types: list (7)

A
  • GSA
  • GSE
  • GVA
  • GVE
  • SVA
  • SVE
  • SSA
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3
Q

CNS div: somatic part

A
  • body
  • innervate skin and skeletal mm
  • derived from somites in embryo
  • receiving and responding to info from ext env.
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4
Q

CNS div: visceral part

A
  • organs
  • innervates organs, smooth mm, glands
  • receives and responds to info from internal env.
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5
Q

spinal nerve: features

A
  • part of PNS
  • mixed: sensory, motor, autonomic
  • transmit signals from spinal cord to end organ and back
  • modulated by CNS
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6
Q

flow of spinal nerve from smallest:

A

rootlets - root - spinal nerve - plexus

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7
Q

spinal nerve: how many pairs

A
  • 31
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8
Q

spinal n: detail of pairs

A
  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
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9
Q

spinal nerve: emerges from

A
  • intervertebral foramen

- btw pedicles of adjacent vertebra

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10
Q

rootlets unite to form nerve roots: called

A
  • anterior root

- post root

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11
Q

anterior root: which from ant horn

A
  • motor efferent fibres (from ant horn to effector organ)
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12
Q

anterior root: which from lateral horn

A
  • autonomic from lateral horns
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13
Q

posterior root: which from post horn

A
  • sensory afferent fibres from sensory receptors
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14
Q

dermatome:

A
  • area of skin innervated by spinal n
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15
Q

myotome:

A
  • area of mm innervated by spinal n
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16
Q

define plexus:

A
  • branching network of intersecting spinal nerves
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17
Q

which spinal n do not create plexus:

A

T1 - T12

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18
Q

list spinal n plexuses:

A
  • cervical
  • brachial
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
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19
Q

nerves incl in: cervical plexus

A

C1-C4

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20
Q

nerves incl in: brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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21
Q

nerves incl in: lumbar plexus

A

L1-4

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22
Q

nerves incl in: sacral plexus

A

ranging from L4 to S4

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23
Q

cervical plexus: features

A
  • 8 paired cervical n
  • 1st four: inn head and neck region
  • ventral rami of C1 to C4
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24
Q

cervical plexus: supply

A
  • skin of head and neck
  • skin of sup part of shoulders and chest
  • infrahyoid mm
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25
brachial plexus inn:
shoulder and arm
26
location: ventral rami of C1-4
- anterolateral to levator scapulae, middle scalene | - deep to SCM
27
ventral rami of C1-4 consist of:
- cutaneous/ superficial branches | - muscular/ deep branches
28
cervical plexus: list superficial branches
- lesser occipital n - greater auricular n - transverse cervical n - supraclavicular
29
cervical plexus: list deep branches
- ansa cervicalis | - phrenic n
30
cervical plexus: superficial branches- emerge from
- post border of SCM - nerve point of neck - star shape
31
cervical plexus: superficial branches- lesser occipital n supplies
- C2 | - supplies skin of neck and scalp post to ear
32
cervical plexus: superficial branches- greater auricular n
- C2, 3 | - skin over parotid region, ear, mastoid
33
cervical plexus: superficial branches- transverse cervical n
- C2, 3 | - skin over lateral and ant part of neck
34
cervical plexus: superficial branches- supraclavicular nerves
- C3, 4 | - skin over clavicle, shoulder, inf to rib 2
35
cervical plexus: deep muscular branches- ansa cervicalis from
- ant rami of C1-3
36
cervical plexus: deep muscular branches- ansa cervicalis features
- sup root -> geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, from C1 via hypoglossal n - inf root -> infrahyoid mm
37
cervical plexus: deep muscular branches- segmental branches
- inn ant and middle scalene mm
38
cervical plexus: deep muscular branches- phrenic n
- C3-5 - supplies diaphragm w sensory and motor fibres - forms superolateral border of ant scalene at level of sup border of thyroid cartilage
39
visceral part of nervous system: visceral motor
- autonomic div | - divided into para/ sympathetic parts
40
visceral part of nervous system: visceral motor sympathetic
- nerves in thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
41
visceral part of nervous system: visceral motor parasympathetic
- nerves in brainstem and sacral spinal cord
42
visceral part of nervous system: sensory
- from neural crest cells - chemoreception - mechanoreception - stretch reception
43
visceral part of nervous system: sympathetic trunk- features
- from base of skull: paravertebral trunks | - converge ant to coccyx as ganglion impar
44
visceral part of nervous system: sympathetic trunk- define ganglion
- collection of neuronal cell bodies outside CNS
45
visceral part of nervous system: sympathetic trunk- white rami communicantes
- myelinated fibres | - preganglionic fibres from ant rami T1-L2 -> trunk
46
visceral part of nervous system: sympathetic trunk- grey rami communicantes
- non-myelinated - postganglionic - connect ganglion to spinal n
47
cervical ganglia: list
- superior - middle - inferior
48
cervical ganglia: sup
- lies C1-2 vertebra
49
cervical ganglia: middle
- C4
50
cervical ganglia: inf
- if + first thoracic = stellate ganglion - lies ant to neck of first rib, TVP of C7 vertebrate
51
cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system features
- only sym chain ganglia and sympathetic n cells in thoracic spine - communicate btw cervical plexus and sym chain to deliver info to head/ neck - sym fibres carried by nerves of cervical plexus to inn structures of head/ neck region
52
cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system - branches of sup cervical ganglion
- form plexus around int carotid aa | - travel through C1-4
53
cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system - sup cervical ganglion inn
- pharynx - heart - sup cardicac n
54
cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system- middle cervical ganglion
- travel through C5-6 | - inn heart via middle cardiac n
55
cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system- inf cervical ganglion
- C7 -T1 - help form plexus around vertebral aa and innervates it - inn heart vn
56
eg. lesions to cervical sympathetic trunk:
- damage to symp trunk = Horner syndrome - contraction of pupil, due to paralysis dilator pupillar -- ptosis: paralysis of smooth muscle intermingled w levator - sinking in of eye - vasodilation and absenceof sweating and face/neck (lack of sym supply to blood vesels and sweat glands
57
cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- cranio-sacral system includes
- cranial n | - S2-4
58
cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- cranial n involved
- CN III (occulomotor) - CN VII (facial) - CN IX (glossopharyngeal) - CN X (vagus)
59
cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- S2-4 supply
- abdominal and pelvic viscera
60
cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- parasym ganglia features
- ganglia in parasym system mainly found within end organ | - except CN -> para ganglia found outside organ
61
cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- list para ganglia of CN
- ciliary - pterygopalatine - submandibular - otic ganglia
62
eg. brain freeze
- somatic sensory receptors in palate pick up cold temp, AP sent along CN V2 afferents to brain - reflex vasodilation of cranial blood v (attempt to heat brain) = sharp headache

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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