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3. HLTH 213 > Head and neck: Cervical plexus, nerves, symp. supply > Flashcards

Head and neck: Cervical plexus, nerves, symp. supply Flashcards

1
Q

types of fibres: main

A
  • motor
  • sensory
  • autonomic
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2
Q

fibre types: list (7)

A
  • GSA
  • GSE
  • GVA
  • GVE
  • SVA
  • SVE
  • SSA
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3
Q

CNS div: somatic part

A
  • body
  • innervate skin and skeletal mm
  • derived from somites in embryo
  • receiving and responding to info from ext env.
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4
Q

CNS div: visceral part

A
  • organs
  • innervates organs, smooth mm, glands
  • receives and responds to info from internal env.
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5
Q

spinal nerve: features

A
  • part of PNS
  • mixed: sensory, motor, autonomic
  • transmit signals from spinal cord to end organ and back
  • modulated by CNS
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6
Q

flow of spinal nerve from smallest:

A

rootlets - root - spinal nerve - plexus

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7
Q

spinal nerve: how many pairs

A
  • 31
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8
Q

spinal n: detail of pairs

A
  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
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9
Q

spinal nerve: emerges from

A
  • intervertebral foramen

- btw pedicles of adjacent vertebra

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10
Q

rootlets unite to form nerve roots: called

A
  • anterior root

- post root

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11
Q

anterior root: which from ant horn

A
  • motor efferent fibres (from ant horn to effector organ)
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12
Q

anterior root: which from lateral horn

A
  • autonomic from lateral horns
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13
Q

posterior root: which from post horn

A
  • sensory afferent fibres from sensory receptors
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14
Q

dermatome:

A
  • area of skin innervated by spinal n
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15
Q

myotome:

A
  • area of mm innervated by spinal n
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16
Q

define plexus:

A
  • branching network of intersecting spinal nerves
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17
Q

which spinal n do not create plexus:

A

T1 - T12

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18
Q

list spinal n plexuses:

A
  • cervical
  • brachial
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
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19
Q

nerves incl in: cervical plexus

A

C1-C4

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20
Q

nerves incl in: brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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21
Q

nerves incl in: lumbar plexus

A

L1-4

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22
Q

nerves incl in: sacral plexus

A

ranging from L4 to S4

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23
Q

cervical plexus: features

A
  • 8 paired cervical n
  • 1st four: inn head and neck region
  • ventral rami of C1 to C4
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24
Q

cervical plexus: supply

A
  • skin of head and neck
  • skin of sup part of shoulders and chest
  • infrahyoid mm
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25
Q

brachial plexus inn:

A

shoulder and arm

26
Q

location: ventral rami of C1-4

A
  • anterolateral to levator scapulae, middle scalene

- deep to SCM

27
Q

ventral rami of C1-4 consist of:

A
  • cutaneous/ superficial branches

- muscular/ deep branches

28
Q

cervical plexus: list superficial branches

A
  • lesser occipital n
  • greater auricular n
  • transverse cervical n
  • supraclavicular
29
Q

cervical plexus: list deep branches

A
  • ansa cervicalis

- phrenic n

30
Q

cervical plexus: superficial branches- emerge from

A
  • post border of SCM
  • nerve point of neck
  • star shape
31
Q

cervical plexus: superficial branches- lesser occipital n supplies

A
  • C2

- supplies skin of neck and scalp post to ear

32
Q

cervical plexus: superficial branches- greater auricular n

A
  • C2, 3

- skin over parotid region, ear, mastoid

33
Q

cervical plexus: superficial branches- transverse cervical n

A
  • C2, 3

- skin over lateral and ant part of neck

34
Q

cervical plexus: superficial branches- supraclavicular nerves

A
  • C3, 4

- skin over clavicle, shoulder, inf to rib 2

35
Q

cervical plexus: deep muscular branches- ansa cervicalis from

A
  • ant rami of C1-3
36
Q

cervical plexus: deep muscular branches- ansa cervicalis features

A
  • sup root -> geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, from C1 via hypoglossal n
  • inf root -> infrahyoid mm
37
Q

cervical plexus: deep muscular branches- segmental branches

A
  • inn ant and middle scalene mm
38
Q

cervical plexus: deep muscular branches- phrenic n

A
  • C3-5
  • supplies diaphragm w sensory and motor fibres
  • forms superolateral border of ant scalene at level of sup border of thyroid cartilage
39
Q

visceral part of nervous system: visceral motor

A
  • autonomic div

- divided into para/ sympathetic parts

40
Q

visceral part of nervous system: visceral motor sympathetic

A
  • nerves in thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
41
Q

visceral part of nervous system: visceral motor parasympathetic

A
  • nerves in brainstem and sacral spinal cord
42
Q

visceral part of nervous system: sensory

A
  • from neural crest cells
  • chemoreception
  • mechanoreception
  • stretch reception
43
Q

visceral part of nervous system: sympathetic trunk- features

A
  • from base of skull: paravertebral trunks

- converge ant to coccyx as ganglion impar

44
Q

visceral part of nervous system: sympathetic trunk- define ganglion

A
  • collection of neuronal cell bodies outside CNS
45
Q

visceral part of nervous system: sympathetic trunk- white rami communicantes

A
  • myelinated fibres

- preganglionic fibres from ant rami T1-L2 -> trunk

46
Q

visceral part of nervous system: sympathetic trunk- grey rami communicantes

A
  • non-myelinated
  • postganglionic
  • connect ganglion to spinal n
47
Q

cervical ganglia: list

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
48
Q

cervical ganglia: sup

A
  • lies C1-2 vertebra
49
Q

cervical ganglia: middle

A
  • C4
50
Q

cervical ganglia: inf

A
  • if + first thoracic = stellate ganglion
  • lies ant to neck of first rib,
    TVP of C7 vertebrate
51
Q

cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system features

A
  • only sym chain ganglia and sympathetic n cells in thoracic spine
  • communicate btw cervical plexus and sym chain to deliver info to head/ neck
  • sym fibres carried by nerves of cervical plexus to inn structures of head/ neck region
52
Q

cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system - branches of sup cervical ganglion

A
  • form plexus around int carotid aa

- travel through C1-4

53
Q

cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system - sup cervical ganglion inn

A
  • pharynx
  • heart
  • sup cardicac n
54
Q

cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system- middle cervical ganglion

A
  • travel through C5-6

- inn heart via middle cardiac n

55
Q

cervical plexus: sympathetic nervous system- inf cervical ganglion

A
  • C7 -T1
  • help form plexus around vertebral aa and innervates it
  • inn heart vn
56
Q

eg. lesions to cervical sympathetic trunk:

A
  • damage to symp trunk = Horner syndrome
  • contraction of pupil, due to paralysis dilator pupillar
    – ptosis: paralysis of smooth muscle intermingled w levator
  • sinking in of eye
  • vasodilation and absenceof sweating and face/neck
    (lack of sym supply to blood vesels and sweat glands
57
Q

cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- cranio-sacral system includes

A
  • cranial n

- S2-4

58
Q

cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- cranial n involved

A
  • CN III (occulomotor)
  • CN VII (facial)
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • CN X (vagus)
59
Q

cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- S2-4 supply

A
  • abdominal and pelvic viscera
60
Q

cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- parasym ganglia features

A
  • ganglia in parasym system mainly found within end organ

- except CN -> para ganglia found outside organ

61
Q

cervical plexus: parasympathetic system- list para ganglia of CN

A
  • ciliary
  • pterygopalatine
  • submandibular
  • otic ganglia
62
Q

eg. brain freeze

A
  • somatic sensory receptors in palate pick up cold temp, AP sent along CN V2 afferents to brain
  • reflex vasodilation of cranial blood v (attempt to heat brain)
    = sharp headache

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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