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3. HLTH 213 > Thoracic wall > Flashcards

Thoracic wall Flashcards

1
Q

list the types of vertebrae within the vertebral column:

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
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2
Q

list how many vertebrae within each vertebral type:

A
  • cervical C1-7
  • thoracic T1-12
  • lumbar L1-5
  • sacral S1-5 (fused)
  • coccygeal (3-4 fused)
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3
Q

typical features of thoracic vertebrae:

A
  • costal facets on transverse process

- demi facets for rib articulation

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4
Q

atypical thoracic vertebrae/ features:

A
  • T1 (superior costal facet for head of rib 1)
  • T10 (single complete costal facet for head of rib 10)
  • T11 (no costal facet on transverse process)
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5
Q

how many ribs and classify:

A
  • 12 pairs
  • R1-7 true
  • R8-10 false
  • R11-12 floating
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6
Q

atypical ribs:

A

R1-2, 10-12

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7
Q

typical ribs:

A

R3-9

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8
Q

typical ribs: features

A
  • head w 2 articular demifacets
  • neck
  • tubercle w articular facet
  • shaft w costal groove
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9
Q

atypical ribs: R1

A
  • flat, short, broad
  • head w singular articular facet

superior surface:

  • scalene tubercle
  • grooves for subclavian vein (ant) and artery (post)
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10
Q

atypical ribs: R2

A

flat but longer than R1

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11
Q

atypical ribs: R10

A

head only 1 articular facet

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12
Q

atypical ribs: R11/12

A
  • head only 1 articular facet

- no tubercle or neck

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13
Q

costal cartilages; general features

A
  • first 7 articulate directly w sternum

- 8-10th cartilage articular w cartilage superior

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14
Q

sternum: name parts

A
  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
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15
Q

sternal angle: importance

A
  • separates superior/ inferior mediastinum
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16
Q

sternal angle: features

A
  • beginning/ end of arch of aorta
  • bifurcation of trachea
  • entrance of superior vena cava to heart
  • superior limit of pulmonary trunk
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17
Q

superior thoracic aperture: bones

A
  • 1st thoracic vertebrae
  • 1st pair of ribs
  • manubrium
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18
Q

superior thoracic aperture: contents (8)

A
  • oesophagus
  • trachea
  • common carotid arteries
  • internal jugular veins
  • vagus nn
  • phrenic nn
  • brachial plexus (roots)
  • apices of lungs
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19
Q

superior thoracic aperture: subclavian v

A

btw ant scalene m and costoclavicular lig

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20
Q

superior thoracic aperture: subclavian aa and brachial plexus

A

btw ant scalene and middle scalene

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21
Q

eg. cervical ribs

A
  • extra floating ribs found in neck
  • 1% of population
  • may compress neurovascular bundle
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22
Q

eg. thoracic outlet syndrome

A
  • compression of structures within superior thoracic aperture (inlet)
  • neurogenic
  • arterial
  • venous
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23
Q

list (5) anterior articulations in thorax

A
  • manubriosternal joint
  • xiphisternal joint
  • sternocostal joints
  • costochondral joints
  • interchondral joints
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24
Q

classify joint: manubriosternal j

A

symphysis

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25
Q

classify joint: xiphisternal j

A

symphysis

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26
Q

classify joint: sternocostal j

A
  • 1st: fibrocartilaginous

- 2-7th: synovial, planar

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27
Q

classify joint: costochondral j

A

synchondroses

28
Q

classify joint: interchondral

A

synovial, planar

29
Q

list posterior articulations:

A
  • intervertebral discs

- zygapophyseal joints (btw sup/inf articular facets)

30
Q

classify joint: intervertebral discs

A

symphyses

31
Q

classify joint: zygapophyseal j

A

synovial, planar

32
Q

costovertebral j: consists of

A
  • head of rib (crest)
  • superior/ inferior demifacets of 2 vertebra
  • intervertebral disc in btw
33
Q

costotransverse j: consists of

A
  • transverse process of matching vertebra

- tubercle of rib

34
Q

list costovertebral ligaments:

A
  • superior costotransverse lig
  • joint capsule (intra-articular lig within)
  • costotransverse lig
  • lateral costotransverse lig
35
Q

thoracic wall movements:

A

anterior sternum:
- upwards and out

lateral side ribs:

  • bucket handle
  • flares outwards
36
Q

list general: extrinsic thoracic wall muscles and meaning

A
  • originate from elsewhere but attaches in thoracic wall
  • neck mm
  • anterolateral chest mm
  • back mm
  • anterolateral abdominal mm
37
Q

list general: intrinsic thoracic wall muscles and meaning

A
  • originate and attach within thoracic wall
  • intercostals
  • subcostales
  • transverse thoracic mm
38
Q

extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list neck mm

A
  • middle scalene
  • anterior scalene
  • post scalene
  • sternocleidomastoid
39
Q

extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list anterolateral mm

A
  • pec major
  • pec minor
  • subclavius
  • serratus ant
40
Q

extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: posterior mm

A
  • serratus post inf

- serratus post sup

41
Q

extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: abdominal mm

A
  • ext oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
  • rectus abdominis
42
Q

extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list intercostal mm

A
  • ext intercostals
  • internal intercostals
  • innermost intercostals
43
Q

intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: subcostales features

A
  • span multiple ribs

- more in lower post thoracic wall

44
Q

intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: transverse thoracic mm origin

A
  • xiphoid process and lower body of sternum
45
Q

intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: transverse thoracic mm insertion

A
  • costal cartilage R3-6
46
Q

diaphragm: costal part

A
  • internal surface of inf 6 ribs and costal cartilages
47
Q

diaphragm: sternal part

A
  • post aspect of xiphoid process
48
Q

diaphragm: lumbar part

A
  • median arcuate lig (most central, left/ right crus)
  • medial arcuate lig
  • lateral arcuate lig
49
Q

diaphragm: list 4 openings

A
  • caval opening
  • oesophageal hiatus
  • aortic hiatus
  • lesser apertures in crura
50
Q

diaphragm contents: caval opening

A
  • inf vena cava

- right phrenic nn

51
Q

diaphragm contents: oesophageal hiatus

A
  • oesophagus

- left vagus nn

52
Q

diaphragm contents: aortic hiatus

A
  • abdominal aorta
  • thoracic duct
  • azygos vein
53
Q

diaphragm contents: lesser apertures of crura

A
  • greater/ lesser splanchnic nn
54
Q

diaphragm: blood supply

A
  • periocardiophrenic aa

- sup/ inf phrenic aa

55
Q

diaphragm: innervation

A

motor:
- phrenic nn

sensory:

  • phrenic nn (centrally)
  • lower intercostal and subcostal nn (peripherally)
56
Q

inhalation: accessory mm involved

A
  • sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
  • middle scalene
  • ant scalene
  • post scalene
57
Q

inhalation: accessory mm function- SCM

A

elevate sternum

58
Q

inhalation: accessory mm function- scalenes

A

elevate and fix upper ribs

59
Q

inhalation: principal mm involved

A
  • ext intercostals
  • int intercostals (interchondral part)
  • diaphragm
60
Q

inhalation: principal mm function- ext intercostals

A
  • elevate ribs

- increase width of thoracic cavity

61
Q

inhalation: principal mm function- interchondral part of int intercostals

A

elevate ribs

62
Q

inhalation: principal mm function- diaphragm

A
  • domes descend
  • increasing longitudinal dimension of thoracic cavity
  • helps elevate lower ribs
63
Q

exhalation: quiet breathing

A

expiration from passive recoil of lungs and rib cage

64
Q

exhalation: active breathing mm involved

A
  • internal intercostals (except interchondral part)
  • rectus abdominis
  • ext oblique
  • int oblique
  • transversus abdominis
65
Q

exhalation: function- internal intercostals

A
  • lower ribs decreasing width of thoracic cavity
66
Q

exhalation: function- abdominals

A
  • depress lower ribs

- compress ab contents -> pushing up diaphragm

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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