Thoracic wall Flashcards
1
Q
list the types of vertebrae within the vertebral column:
A
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccygeal
2
Q
list how many vertebrae within each vertebral type:
A
- cervical C1-7
- thoracic T1-12
- lumbar L1-5
- sacral S1-5 (fused)
- coccygeal (3-4 fused)
3
Q
typical features of thoracic vertebrae:
A
- costal facets on transverse process
- demi facets for rib articulation
4
Q
atypical thoracic vertebrae/ features:
A
- T1 (superior costal facet for head of rib 1)
- T10 (single complete costal facet for head of rib 10)
- T11 (no costal facet on transverse process)
5
Q
how many ribs and classify:
A
- 12 pairs
- R1-7 true
- R8-10 false
- R11-12 floating
6
Q
atypical ribs:
A
R1-2, 10-12
7
Q
typical ribs:
A
R3-9
8
Q
typical ribs: features
A
- head w 2 articular demifacets
- neck
- tubercle w articular facet
- shaft w costal groove
9
Q
atypical ribs: R1
A
- flat, short, broad
- head w singular articular facet
superior surface:
- scalene tubercle
- grooves for subclavian vein (ant) and artery (post)
10
Q
atypical ribs: R2
A
flat but longer than R1
11
Q
atypical ribs: R10
A
head only 1 articular facet
12
Q
atypical ribs: R11/12
A
- head only 1 articular facet
- no tubercle or neck
13
Q
costal cartilages; general features
A
- first 7 articulate directly w sternum
- 8-10th cartilage articular w cartilage superior
14
Q
sternum: name parts
A
- manubrium
- body
- xiphoid process
15
Q
sternal angle: importance
A
- separates superior/ inferior mediastinum
16
Q
sternal angle: features
A
- beginning/ end of arch of aorta
- bifurcation of trachea
- entrance of superior vena cava to heart
- superior limit of pulmonary trunk
17
Q
superior thoracic aperture: bones
A
- 1st thoracic vertebrae
- 1st pair of ribs
- manubrium
18
Q
superior thoracic aperture: contents (8)
A
- oesophagus
- trachea
- common carotid arteries
- internal jugular veins
- vagus nn
- phrenic nn
- brachial plexus (roots)
- apices of lungs
19
Q
superior thoracic aperture: subclavian v
A
btw ant scalene m and costoclavicular lig
20
Q
superior thoracic aperture: subclavian aa and brachial plexus
A
btw ant scalene and middle scalene
21
Q
eg. cervical ribs
A
- extra floating ribs found in neck
- 1% of population
- may compress neurovascular bundle
22
Q
eg. thoracic outlet syndrome
A
- compression of structures within superior thoracic aperture (inlet)
- neurogenic
- arterial
- venous
23
Q
list (5) anterior articulations in thorax
A
- manubriosternal joint
- xiphisternal joint
- sternocostal joints
- costochondral joints
- interchondral joints
24
Q
classify joint: manubriosternal j
A
symphysis
25
classify joint: xiphisternal j
symphysis
26
classify joint: sternocostal j
- 1st: fibrocartilaginous
| - 2-7th: synovial, planar
27
classify joint: costochondral j
synchondroses
28
classify joint: interchondral
synovial, planar
29
list posterior articulations:
- intervertebral discs
| - zygapophyseal joints (btw sup/inf articular facets)
30
classify joint: intervertebral discs
symphyses
31
classify joint: zygapophyseal j
synovial, planar
32
costovertebral j: consists of
- head of rib (crest)
- superior/ inferior demifacets of 2 vertebra
- intervertebral disc in btw
33
costotransverse j: consists of
- transverse process of matching vertebra
| - tubercle of rib
34
list costovertebral ligaments:
- superior costotransverse lig
- joint capsule (intra-articular lig within)
- costotransverse lig
- lateral costotransverse lig
35
thoracic wall movements:
anterior sternum:
- upwards and out
lateral side ribs:
- bucket handle
- flares outwards
36
list general: extrinsic thoracic wall muscles and meaning
- originate from elsewhere but attaches in thoracic wall
- neck mm
- anterolateral chest mm
- back mm
- anterolateral abdominal mm
37
list general: intrinsic thoracic wall muscles and meaning
- originate and attach within thoracic wall
- intercostals
- subcostales
- transverse thoracic mm
38
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list neck mm
- middle scalene
- anterior scalene
- post scalene
- sternocleidomastoid
39
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list anterolateral mm
- pec major
- pec minor
- subclavius
- serratus ant
40
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: posterior mm
- serratus post inf
| - serratus post sup
41
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: abdominal mm
- ext oblique
- internal oblique
- transversus abdominis
- rectus abdominis
42
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list intercostal mm
- ext intercostals
- internal intercostals
- innermost intercostals
43
intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: subcostales features
- span multiple ribs
| - more in lower post thoracic wall
44
intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: transverse thoracic mm origin
- xiphoid process and lower body of sternum
45
intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: transverse thoracic mm insertion
- costal cartilage R3-6
46
diaphragm: costal part
- internal surface of inf 6 ribs and costal cartilages
47
diaphragm: sternal part
- post aspect of xiphoid process
48
diaphragm: lumbar part
- median arcuate lig (most central, left/ right crus)
- medial arcuate lig
- lateral arcuate lig
49
diaphragm: list 4 openings
- caval opening
- oesophageal hiatus
- aortic hiatus
- lesser apertures in crura
50
diaphragm contents: caval opening
- inf vena cava
| - right phrenic nn
51
diaphragm contents: oesophageal hiatus
- oesophagus
| - left vagus nn
52
diaphragm contents: aortic hiatus
- abdominal aorta
- thoracic duct
- azygos vein
53
diaphragm contents: lesser apertures of crura
- greater/ lesser splanchnic nn
54
diaphragm: blood supply
- periocardiophrenic aa
| - sup/ inf phrenic aa
55
diaphragm: innervation
motor:
- phrenic nn
sensory:
- phrenic nn (centrally)
- lower intercostal and subcostal nn (peripherally)
56
inhalation: accessory mm involved
- sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
- middle scalene
- ant scalene
- post scalene
57
inhalation: accessory mm function- SCM
elevate sternum
58
inhalation: accessory mm function- scalenes
elevate and fix upper ribs
59
inhalation: principal mm involved
- ext intercostals
- int intercostals (interchondral part)
- diaphragm
60
inhalation: principal mm function- ext intercostals
- elevate ribs
| - increase width of thoracic cavity
61
inhalation: principal mm function- interchondral part of int intercostals
elevate ribs
62
inhalation: principal mm function- diaphragm
- domes descend
- increasing longitudinal dimension of thoracic cavity
- helps elevate lower ribs
63
exhalation: quiet breathing
expiration from passive recoil of lungs and rib cage
64
exhalation: active breathing mm involved
- internal intercostals (except interchondral part)
- rectus abdominis
- ext oblique
- int oblique
- transversus abdominis
65
exhalation: function- internal intercostals
- lower ribs decreasing width of thoracic cavity
66
exhalation: function- abdominals
- depress lower ribs
| - compress ab contents -> pushing up diaphragm
