Osteology Flashcards
skull divided into:
cranium and mandible
cranium can be divided into:
- viscerocranium
- neurocranium
neurocranium can be divided into:
- calvaria (skull cap)
- basicranium
viscerocranium is:
facial bones
name skull cavities:
- cranial
- nasal
- middle and inner ear cavities
- orbits
- oral (buccal)
nasal activity divides into:
- 2 chambers (nasal fossae) by nasal septum (bone and cartilage)
- 4 paranasal sinuses
paranasal sinus importance:
- lessen weight of skull
- resonance chambers for voice production
fontanelles: features
plates of cartilage (mesenchyme)
fontanelles: list them
- ant
- post
- anterolateral (2)
- posterolateral (2)
fontanelles location: anterior
btw parietals and frontal
fontanelles location: posterior
btw parietals and occipital
fontanelles location: anterolateral
btw frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid
fontanelles location: posterolateral
btw parietal, occipital and temporal
name cranial bones: (6) and how many
- frontal
- parietal (2)
- temporal (2)
- occipital
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
name facial bones: (8) and how many
- lacrimal (2)
- nasal (2)
- maxillae (2)
- zygomatic (2)
- palatine
- inferior nasal conchae (2)
- mandible
- vomer
frontal bone: parts
- squamous
- nasal
- orbital
frontal bone: squamous part (9)
- glabella
- supraorbital margin
- supraorbital margin
- supraorbital foramen/ notch
- superciliary arch
- zygomatic process
- frontal sinus
- frontal crest
- nasion
frontal bone: nasal part located
- btw supraorbital margins
frontal bone: nasal part articulates with
- nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, and ethmoid (perpendicular plate) bones
frontal bone: parts
- roof of orbit (inf)
- anterior cranial fossa (sup side)
parietal bone: sides
- external
- internal
parietal bone: external side
- coronal suture (w frontal bone)
- squamous suture (temporal bone)
- lambdoid suture (w occipital)
- pterion
- asterion
parietal bone: internal side
- impressions of blood vessels
occipital bone: main parts
- squamous
- lateral
- basal
- foramen magnum
occipital bone: squamous
- superior nuchal line
- ext occipital protuberance (inion)
- inferior nuchal line
- ext occipital crest
temporal bone: parts
- squamous
- petrosal
- tympanic
temporal bone: squamous part
- zygomatic process
- mandibular fossa
temporal bone: petrosal part
- mastoid process
- styloid process
- internal acoustic meatus (inside)
temporal bone: tympanic part
- external acoustic meatus
auditory ossicles: function
within middle ear (petrous temporal)
- transmit sound impulses
auditory ossicles: list from outer to inner
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
sphenoid bone: parts
- body
- greater wings
- lesser wings
- pterygoid processes
ethmoid:
- anterior portion of floor of cranium btw orbits, roof and sup sidewalls of nasal cavity, septum, sinus, scroll shaped plates of bone, sup/ middle nasal conchae
cranial fossa: list them
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
anterior cranial fossa: anteriorly
- frontal bone
anterior cranial fossa: middle
ethmoid
anterior cranial fossa: posteriorly
body and lesser wings of sphenoid
middle cranial fossa: medially
sella turcica
middle cranial fossa: laterally
- greater wings of sphenoid
- squamous
middle cranial fossa: posteriorly
- petrous parts of temporal
posterior cranial fossa:
mainly occipital
maxilla: function
supports teeth
maxilla: parts
- hard palate
- nasal cavity
- orbits
- large maxillary sinus
palatine bone:
- post 1/3 of hard palate
- parts of orbit and nasal cavity
zygomatic bone:
- temporal process + zygomatic process = zygomatic arch
lacrimal:
anterior part of medial wall of orbit
nasal:
forms bridge of nose
inferior nasal conchae:
scroll like bones, project horizontally and medially from lateral wall of nasal cavity
vomer:
- thin flat bone which forms lower part of nasal septum
mandible: parts
- body (lower jaw)
- ramus (vertical)
- angle (where two meet)
hyoid bone: features
- floating bone
- in neck inf to mandible
- suspended by styloid process by stylohyoid mm and ligs
hyoid bone: function
supports tongue
Le fort fractures: type I
- involves anterolateral margin of nasal fossa above maxillary alveolar process
Le fort fractures: type II
- involves inf orbital rim
Le fort fractures: type III
- involves zygomatic arch
midface fractures:
- zygomaticofrontal suture
- medial wall of orbit
- nasofrontal suture
- fracture of zygomatic arch
signs of basal skull fractures:
- battle sign (behind ear)
- periorbital haematoma (pooling of blood under eyes)
