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3. HLTH 213 > Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal wall boundaries: superiorly

A
  • xiphoid process

- costal margin

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2
Q

abdominal wall boundaries: posteriorly

A

vertebral column

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3
Q

abdominal wall boundaries: inferiorly

A

upper parts of pelvic bone

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4
Q

lumbar vertebrae: features

A
  • large in size
  • body kidney shaped
  • triangular vertebral foramen
  • long slender tvp
  • articular processes have mammillary processes
  • short thick spinous process
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5
Q

why is there larger gaps btw lumbar v compared to thoracic?

A
  • less things to protect aka spinal cord
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6
Q

what can x-rays of lumbar spine detect?

A
  • fractures
  • bone tumours
  • degenerative changes (arthritis)
  • disc narrowing
  • narrowing spinal canal
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7
Q

eg. ankylosing spondylitis

A
  • bamboo spine

- very narrow intervertebral discs

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8
Q

eg. facet joint arthritis

A
  • calcification of joints

- pain

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9
Q

eg. disc herniation

A
  • nucleus pulposus going into spinal canal
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10
Q

post abdominal wall: list mm

A
  • psoas major
  • psoas minor
  • quadratus lumborum (QL)
  • iliacus mm
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11
Q

quadratus lumborum: location

A

post abdominal wall

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12
Q

quadratus lumborum: origin

A

post iliac crest

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13
Q

quadratus lumborum: insertion

A

rib 12

- tvp of lumbar vertebra

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14
Q

quadratus lumborum: innervation

A

T12- L1

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15
Q

quadratus lumborum: function

A

lateral flexion of spine

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16
Q

psoas major: location

A

post abdominal wall

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17
Q

psoas major: origin

A

lumbar tvp

- discs from T12- L5

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18
Q

psoas major: insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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19
Q

psoas major: innervation

A

L1- 3

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20
Q

psoas major: function

A
  • flex thigh at hip

- flex lower spine

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21
Q

iliacus: location

A

post abdominal wall

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22
Q

iliacus: origin

A

iliac fossa, hip

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23
Q

iliacus: insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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24
Q

iliacus: innervation

A

femoral nn

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25
Q

iliacus: function

A
  • flex hip

- ant pelvic tilt

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26
Q

lymphatic system: classify nodes

A
  • pre-aortic

- para-aortic

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27
Q

lymphatic system: pre-aortic nodes

A
  • celiac

- sup/ inf mesenteric nodes

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28
Q

list layers of abdominal wall:

A
  • skin
  • superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue)
  • muscles and their fascias
  • extraperitoneal fascia
  • parietal peritoneum
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29
Q

superficial fascia: 2 layers

A
  • superficial layer (Camper’s fascia)

- deep layer membranous (Scarpa’s fascia) -> in region inf to umbilicus

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30
Q

anterolateral abdominal wall: mm involved

A
  • ext/ int obliques
  • transverse abdominal
  • rectus abdominis
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31
Q

rectus abdominis: location

A

anterolateral ab wall

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32
Q

rectus abdominis: origin

A
  • pubic crest
  • pubic tubercle
  • pubic symphysis
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33
Q

rectus abdominis: insertion

A
  • costal cartilage
  • ribs 5-7
  • xiphoid
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34
Q

rectus abdominis: innervation

A

T7-12

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35
Q

rectus abdominis: function

A
  • flex spine

- tense ab wall

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36
Q

external oblique: location

A

anterolateral ab wall

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37
Q

external oblique: origin

A

outer surfaces of ribs 4-12

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38
Q

external oblique: insertion

A
  • lateral lip iliac crest
  • aponeurosis
  • linea alba
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39
Q

external oblique: innervation

A

T7-12

40
Q

external oblique: function

A
  • flex trunk
  • muscle on its own: bends trunk to same side
  • turns trunk to opposite side
41
Q

internal oblique: location

A
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • iliac crest
  • outer 2/3 of inguinal lig
42
Q

internal oblique: insertion

A
  • lower 4 ribs
  • aponeurosis
  • linea alba
  • pubic crest
43
Q

internal oblique: innervation

A

T7-L1

44
Q

internal oblique: function

A
  • together flex trunk

- on own: bend and turn trunk to same side

45
Q

transverse abdominal: location

A

anterolateral ab wall

46
Q

transverse abdominal: origin

A
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • outer 1/3 inguinal lig
  • rib 7-12
47
Q

transverse abdominal: insertion

A
  • aponeurosis ending at linea alba

- pubic crest

48
Q

transverse abdominal: innervation

A

T7-L1

49
Q

transverse abdominal: function

A

compress ab contents

50
Q

rectus sheath: features

A
  • vertical mm enclosed by layers of flat ab mm aponeuroses (ext/ int and transversus abdominis)
51
Q

rectus sheath: upper 2/3

A

ant:
- ext oblique
- half int oblique

post:

  • half int oblique
  • transversus abdominis
52
Q

rectus sheath: lower 1/3

A

ant:
- ext/ int oblique
- transversus abdominis

post:
- ab mm direct contact w extraperitoneal fascia

53
Q

extraperitoneal fascia:

A
  • layer of ct

- separates transversalis fascia from peritoneum

54
Q

peritoneum:

A

serous membrane covering abdominal cavity

55
Q

nerve supply: T7-9

A
  • supplies skin from xiphoid process to just above umbilicus
56
Q

nerve supply: T11, 12, L1

A

supply skin just below umbilicus to and incl pubic region

57
Q

nerve supply: ilio-inguinal n (of L1)

A

supplies ant surface of scrotum/ labia majora

- also small cutaneous branch to thigh

58
Q

blood supply: list superficially

A
  • musculophrenic aa
  • superficial epigastric aa
  • superficial circumflex iliac aa
59
Q

superficial blood supply: musculophrenic aa features

A
  • branches supplies superior part of wall

- is terminal branch of int thoracic aa

60
Q

superficial blood supply: superficial epigastric aa features

A

supplies inf part of wall

  • medially placed
  • branch of femoral aa
61
Q

superficial blood supply: superficial circumflex iliac aa features

A

supplies inf part of wall

  • laterally places
  • branch of femoral aa
62
Q

deep blood supply: list deep ones

A
  • superior epigastric aa
  • 10/11th intercostal aa
  • inf epigastric aa
  • deep circumflex iliac aa
63
Q

deep blood supply: sup epigastric aa

A
  • supplies superior part of wall

- terminal branch of internal thoracic aa

64
Q

deep blood supply: 10/11th intercostal aa

A
  • supplies lateral part

- and subcostal aa

65
Q

deep blood supply: inf epigastric aa

A
  • supplies inf part of wall

- branch of ext iliac aa

66
Q

deep blood supply: deep circumflex iliac aa

A
  • supplies inf part of wall
  • laterally places
  • branch of ext iliac aa
67
Q

superficial lymphatic drainage: above umbilicus

A

axillae

68
Q

superficial lymphatic drainage: below umbilicus

A

superficial inguinal nodes

69
Q

deep lymphatic drainage: list main nodes

A
  • parasternal nodes
  • lumbar nodes
  • ext iliac nodes
70
Q

deep lymphatic drainage: parasternal nodes features

A
  • follows deep aa

- along thoracic aa

71
Q

deep lymphatic drainage: lumbar nodes features

A
  • follows deep aa

- along abdominal aorta

72
Q

deep lymphatic drainage: ext iliac nodes features

A
  • follows deep aa

- along ext iliac aa

73
Q

inguinal region: general features

A
  • area of weakness in inf part of anterolateral ab wall

- weakness due to development/ descend of gonads

74
Q

inguinal region: development of inguinal canal

A
  • gubernaculum pulls testis down through abdomen layers
  • processus vaginalis forms
  • deep/ superficial inguinal ring
  • spermatic cord travels through
75
Q

deep inguinal ring:

A

beginning of canal w invagination of transversalis fascia

- forms internal spermatic fascia of spermatic cord

76
Q

superficial inguinal ring:

A

opening formed by aponeurosis of ext oblique mm

- forms ext spermatic fascia

77
Q

list boundaries of inguinal canal:

A
  • ant wall
  • post wall
  • floor
  • roof
78
Q

inguinal canal: ant wall

A

ext oblique abdominis

79
Q

inguinal canal: post wall

A

transversalis fascia

80
Q

inguinal canal: floor

A

poupart lig

81
Q

inguinal canal: roof

A

lower edges of int oblique and transversus abdominis mm

82
Q

inguinal canal: contents male

A
  • spermatic cord

- ilioinguinal n

83
Q

inguinal canal: contents female

A

round lig of uterus

84
Q

spermatic cord: list fascia

A
  • int spermatic fascia
  • cremasteric fascia
  • ext spermatic fascia
85
Q

spermatic cord: int spermatic fascia from

A

transversalis fascia

86
Q

spermatic cord: cremasteric fascia from

A

int oblique mm

87
Q

spermatic cord: ext spermatic fascia

A

aponeurosis of ext oblique mm

88
Q

spermatic cord: list contents (8)

A
  • ductus deferens
  • aa to ductus deferens
  • testicular aa
  • pampiniform plexus of veins
  • cremasteric aa/ v
  • genital branch of genitofemoral nn
  • autonomic/ visceral afferent n fibres
  • lymphatics
89
Q

indirect inguinal hernia: features

A
  • aka congenital
  • most common
  • not sufficiently closed inguinal canal
  • causes ab contents enter into scrotum
  • lateral to inf epigastric vessels (IEV)
90
Q

direct inguinal hernia: features

A
  • aka acquired
  • protrudes weakened ab wall
  • medial to inf epigastric vessels (IEV)
  • hernial sac formed by transversalis fascia
91
Q

Hesselbach’s triangle:

A

common area where direct inguinal hernias occur

92
Q

Hesselbach’s triangle: boundaries

A

inf: inguinal lig
laterally: ing epigastric aa
medially: rectus abdominis

93
Q

femoral hernia:

A
  • most common in females (wider hips)
  • into femoral triangle
  • requires surgery
94
Q

abdominal quadrants:

A
  • upper L
  • upper R
  • lower L
  • lower R

vertical: median plane
horizontal: transumbilical plane

95
Q

abdominal regions: (3)

A
  • epigastric
  • periumbilical
  • pelvic
96
Q

anatomical regions: vertical planes

A

midclavicular lines

97
Q

anatomical regions: horizontal planes

A
  • subcostal (passing inf border of 10th costal cartilages)

- transtubercular (passing iliac tubercles and body of L5 vertebra)

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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