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3. HLTH 213 > Thorax: Abdominal Viscera II > Flashcards

Thorax: Abdominal Viscera II Flashcards

1
Q

liver: location

A
  • R hypochondrium and epigastric region -> L hypochondrium
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2
Q

liver: surface projection

A
  • deep to rib 7 -11 on R side and crosses midline to L nipple
  • inf border follows R costal margin
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3
Q

liver: surfaces

A
  • diaphragmatic (ant/ sup/ post)

- visceral

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4
Q

liver: recesses

A
  • subphrenic

- hepatorenal

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5
Q

liver: visceral surface related to (9)

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • sup part of duodenum
  • lesser omentum
  • gallbladder
  • R colic flexure
  • R transverse colon
  • R kidney/ suprarenal gland
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6
Q

liver: list lobes

A
  • R/ L
  • caudate
  • quadrate
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7
Q

liver: ligaments

A
  • round (ligamentum teres) lig
  • falciform
  • 2x triangular (L/R)
  • ligamentum venosum
  • coronary lig
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8
Q

liver: blood supply

A
  • dual
  • portal vein (70%)
  • hepatic aa (30%)
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9
Q

portal-systemic anastomoses: portal v. communicates w systemic venous vessels at

A
  • esophagus (btw esophageal v)
  • rectum (btw rectal v)
  • umbilicus (around umbilical v)
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10
Q

porta hepatis vs portal triad:

A

porta hepatis:

  • only 1
  • incl proper hepatic aa., portal v. and common bile duct

portal triad:

  • many in liver cells
  • hepatic portal v, bile/hepatic duct, hepatic aa.
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11
Q

eg. cirrhosis:

A
  • blocked blood flow= necrosis of tissue
  • fatty cysts
  • lumpy surface
  • scarring
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12
Q

gallbladder: function

A
  • stores and concentrates bile
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13
Q

gallbladder: parts and features

A
  • fundus (tup of 9th costal cartilage in MCL)
  • body
  • neck (mucosal folds forming spiral valve)
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14
Q

bile ducts: features

A
  • produced by hepatocytes -> bile canaliculi -> interlobular bile ducts
  • R and L hepatic ducts = common hepatic duct

common hepatic duct + cystic duct = bile duct

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15
Q

pancreas: exocrine portion

A
  • proteases
  • amylase
  • lipases
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16
Q

pancreas: endocrine portion

A

islets of Langerhan:

  • glucagon
  • insulin
  • somatostatin
  • pancreatic polypeptides
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17
Q

pancreas: location

A
  • across post abdominal wall from duodenal curvature to hilum of spleen
  • post to stomach
  • transverse mesocolon attaches to ant margin
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18
Q

pancreas: retro or intra?

A
  • retro
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19
Q

pancreas: parts

A
  • head
  • uncinate process
  • body
  • tail
  • neck
20
Q

pancreas: main pancreatic duct

A
  • originates in tail of pancreas
  • head of pancreas joins bile duct = hepatopanceatic ampula (Vater)
  • enters 2nd part of duodenum at major duodenal papilla
21
Q

pancreas: circular layer of muscle forms sphincter

A

sphincter of Oddi

22
Q

pancreas: accessory pancreatic duct

A
  • superior to ostium of main pancreatic duct

- minor duodenal papilla

23
Q

eg. pancreatitis

A
  • blockage at distal end of ampulla by gallstone
  • neither bile/ pancreatic juices can exit
  • back flow of bile -> main pancreatic duct
24
Q

spleen: location

A
  • L hypchondrium again diaphragm btw ribs 9-10
25
Q

spleen: features

A
  • intraperitoneal organ

- diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces

26
Q

spleen: blood supply

A

celiac trunk -> splenic aa. branch

27
Q

spleen: function

A
  • lymphocyte proliferation/ immune surveillance and response

prenatally:
- haematopoietic (produces RBC)

postnatally:

  • destroying RBC
  • recylcing Fe, globin
  • blood reservoir (provide small transfusion)
28
Q

thoracic splanchnic nerves: name them

A
  • greater
  • lesser
  • least splanchnic
29
Q

thoracic splanchnic nerves: great SN

A
  • T5-T9 ganglia and traverse to celiac ganglion
30
Q

thoracic splanchnic nerves: lesser SN

A
  • arise T9- T10/11 ganglia

- traverse to aortico-renal ganglion

31
Q

thoracic splanchnic nerves: least SN

A
  • T12 ganglion traverse to renal plexus
32
Q

parasympathetic innervation: vagus n

A
  • CN X

- through esophageal hiatus = ant/ post esophageal plexuses

33
Q

parasympathetic innervation: pelvic splanchnic n

A
  • S2-S4 spinal cord levels

- PSY inn to hindgut

34
Q

enteric nervous system: list nerves

A
  • submucosal plexus

- myenteric plexus

35
Q

enteric nervous system: submucosal plexus

A
  • sensory cells communicate w myenteric plexus

- motor fibres stimulate gland/ mucosal secretion of fluids into lumen

36
Q

enteric nervous system: myenteric plexus

A
  • neurons which regulate enzyme output of adjacent organs
37
Q

enteric nervous system: function

A

regulates:

  • motility
  • local blood flow
  • fluid flow
  • control gastic/ pancreatic secretions
  • control enteroendocrine secretion
38
Q

sympathetic stimulation: effects

A
  • decrease motility
  • decrease intestinal secretion
  • increase sphincter contraction
  • increase vessel contraction (vasoconstriction)
39
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: effects

A
  • increase motility
  • increase intestinal secretion
  • decrease sphincter contraction
  • decrease vessel contraction (vasodilation)
40
Q

eg. Hirsprung’s disease

A
  • aganglionic colon (lack or loss of ganglia in distal colon)
  • less control
41
Q

transpyloric plan: location

A
  • L1 vertebra, 9th costal cartilages
42
Q

transpyloric plan: features

A
  • beginning of duodenum
  • end of 4th part of duodenum
  • hilum of L kidney
  • neck of pancreas
  • origin of SMA
43
Q

referred visceral pain: epigastric region

A

foregut

44
Q

referred visceral pain: umbilical region

A

midgut

45
Q

referred visceral pain: pubic region

A

hindgut

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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