Head and neck: musculoskeletal features Flashcards
head consists of: (8)
- skull
- face
- scalp
- teeth
- brain and meninges
- cranial nerves
- special sense organs
- blood vessels, lymphatics, fat
scalp: list layers
- Skin
- Ct dense
- Aponeurotic layer
- Loose areolar ct
- Pericranium
scalp: aponeurosis of what muscles?
- occipitofrontalis
- temporoparietalis
- superior auricular
scalp: sensory nerve supply
- cervical
- cranial
occipitofrontalis mm: innervation
- facial nerve
CN VII
scalp: blood supply branches
branches from:
- ophthalmic
- external carotid
scalp: opthalmic branches
- supratrochlear
- supraorbital
scalp: ext carotid branches
- post auricular
- occipital
- superficial temporal
eg. Langer’s lines
- natural crinkle lines of face
- incisions along these -> minimal scarring
face: unique features
- doesn’t have distinct deep fascia
- loose subcutaneous tissue -> fluid and blood accumulation (oedema and bruising)
- face lacerations gape
mm of facial expression: orbit/ eyebrow (2)
- orbicularis oculi (palpebral and orbital parts)
- corrugator superciliii
mm of facial expression: mouth (10)
- orbicularis oris
- zygomaticus major/ minor
- levator labiii superioris
- levator labiii superioris alaeque nasi
- levator anguli oris
- depressor anguli oris
- buccinator
- risorius
- mentalis
mm of facial expression: ears
- ant auricular
- post auricular
- sup auricular
mm of facial expression: scalp
- occipitofrontalis (occipital and frontal belly)
mm of facial expression: neck
- platysma
mm of facial expression: nasal
- nasalis (transverse and alar parts)
- procerus
- depressor septi
mm of facial expression: innervation
facial n
mm of facial expression: blood supply
branches:
- facial aa
- maxillary
- superficial temporal aa
mm of facial expression: nerves main branches
- temporofacial
- cervicofacial
mm of facial expression: cervicofacial branches
- buccal
- marginal mandibular
- cervical
mm of facial expression: temporofacial branches
- temporal
- zygomatic
mm of facial expression: lymph drainage
- submental nodes
- submandibular
- pre-auricular
- parotid
list mm move mandible (for mastication and speech)
- masseter
- temporalis
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
boundaries of neck: superior
- superior nuchal line
- mastoid process
- mandible
boundaries of neck: posterior
- C7 vertebra
- acromion
- manubrium
- clavicle
fascia of neck: types
- superficial
- deep
fascia of neck: deep fascia
- investing
- pretracheal
- prevertebral
fascia of neck: superficial fascia type
- subcutaneous ct
fascia of neck: superficial contains
- platysma mm
- superficial nerves
- superficial blood v
- superficial lymphatics
fascia of neck: deep encloses
- SCM
- trapezius mm
fascia of neck: deep pre-vertebral layer
- tubular sheath for vertebral column and mm
fascia of neck: deep pre-tracheal layer
encloses:
- (muscular layer - infrahyoid mm)
- visceral layer (trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland)
triangles of neck:
- ant
- post
ant cervical triangle: boundaries
- ant border of SCM mm
- ant midline of neck
- mandible
ant cervical triangle: subdivided into smaller triangles
- submandibular
- submental
- muscular
- carotid
mm neck of ant triangle: suprahyoid mm
- stylohyoid
- diagastric
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
mm neck of ant triangle: infrahyoid mm
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- sternothyroid
innervation: diagastric mm
ant belly:
- inf alveolar n
- mandibular n
post belly:
- facial n
innervation: stylohyoid mm
facial n
innervation: mylohyoid mm
inf alveolar n (from mandibular n)
innervation: geniohyoid and thyrohyoid
ventral ramus C1 (via hypoglossal n)
innervation: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid
ventral rami C1-3 (via ansa cervicalis)
blood supply: diagastric mm
ext carotid aa branches
blood supply: stylohyoid
ext carotid aa branches
blood supply: mylohyoid
ext carotid aa branches
blood supply: geniohyoid and thyrohyoid mm
ext carotid aa branches
blood supply: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothryroid
ext carotid aa branches
vessels in anterior triangle:
- common carotid aa and its branches
- int jugular v and tributaries
thyroid gland: location
- lies inf to thyroid cartilage of larynx
thyroid gland: features
- two lobes and isthmus
- connect lobes (in front of 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages)
thyroid gland: follicular cells
synthesis and secrete thyroid hormones
thyroid gland: hormones
- triiodothyronine (T3)
- thyroxine (T4)
thyroid gland: parafollicular cells (C cells)
secrete calcitonin
eg. hypothyroidism/ hyperthyroidism:
hypo:
- nonpitting oedematous changes in skin
- dry puffy facial appearance
- course hair
hyper:
- protruding eyes
- enlarged thyroid gland
post triangle of neck: subdivided into
- occipital
- subclavian (omoclavicular)
post triangle neck: boundaries
- SCM
- trapezius mm
post triangle neck: blood v
- ext jugular v
- post external jugular v
- transverse cervical v
post triangle neck: nerves
- supraclavicular n
- accessory n (XI)
neck mm move head and vertebral column: (15)
- SCM
- semispinalis capitis
- spinalis capitis
- splenius capitis
- longissimus capitis
- iliocostalis cervicis
- semispinalis cervicis
- splenius cervicis
- longissimus cervicis
- scalenes (ant, middle, post)
- multifidus
- rotatores
- interspinales
- intertransversarii
ear muscles:
- stapedius
- tensor tympani
mm attach to tongue: extrinsic (4)
- genioglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus
- hypoglossus
mm attach to tongue: intrinsic (4)
- superior longitudinal
- inf longitudinal
- transverse
- vertical
mm of soft palate: (5)
- tensor veli palatini
- levator veli palatini
- palatophryngeus
- palatoglossus
- musculus uvulae
mm of larynx (assist in speech): extrinsic
- infrahyoid group
mm of larynx (assist in speech): intrinsic
- cricothyroid
- thyroaryntenoid
- cricoaryntenoid (lateral and post)
- transverse and oblique aryntenoid vocalis
mm of pharynx (assist in speech and swallowing): circular layer
- inf constrictor
- middle constrictor
- sup constrictor
mm of larynx (assist in speech): longitudinal layer
- palatopharyngeus
- stylopharyngeus
- salpingopharyngeus
