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3. HLTH 213 > Head and neck: musculoskeletal features > Flashcards

Head and neck: musculoskeletal features Flashcards

1
Q

head consists of: (8)

A
  • skull
  • face
  • scalp
  • teeth
  • brain and meninges
  • cranial nerves
  • special sense organs
  • blood vessels, lymphatics, fat
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2
Q

scalp: list layers

A
  • Skin
  • Ct dense
  • Aponeurotic layer
  • Loose areolar ct
  • Pericranium
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3
Q

scalp: aponeurosis of what muscles?

A
  • occipitofrontalis
  • temporoparietalis
  • superior auricular
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4
Q

scalp: sensory nerve supply

A
  • cervical

- cranial

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5
Q

occipitofrontalis mm: innervation

A
  • facial nerve

CN VII

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6
Q

scalp: blood supply branches

A

branches from:

  • ophthalmic
  • external carotid
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7
Q

scalp: opthalmic branches

A
  • supratrochlear

- supraorbital

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8
Q

scalp: ext carotid branches

A
  • post auricular
  • occipital
  • superficial temporal
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9
Q

eg. Langer’s lines

A
  • natural crinkle lines of face

- incisions along these -> minimal scarring

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10
Q

face: unique features

A
  • doesn’t have distinct deep fascia
  • loose subcutaneous tissue -> fluid and blood accumulation (oedema and bruising)
  • face lacerations gape
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11
Q

mm of facial expression: orbit/ eyebrow (2)

A
  • orbicularis oculi (palpebral and orbital parts)

- corrugator superciliii

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12
Q

mm of facial expression: mouth (10)

A
  • orbicularis oris
  • zygomaticus major/ minor
  • levator labiii superioris
  • levator labiii superioris alaeque nasi
  • levator anguli oris
  • depressor anguli oris
  • buccinator
  • risorius
  • mentalis
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13
Q

mm of facial expression: ears

A
  • ant auricular
  • post auricular
  • sup auricular
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14
Q

mm of facial expression: scalp

A
  • occipitofrontalis (occipital and frontal belly)
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15
Q

mm of facial expression: neck

A
  • platysma
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16
Q

mm of facial expression: nasal

A
  • nasalis (transverse and alar parts)
  • procerus
  • depressor septi
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17
Q

mm of facial expression: innervation

A

facial n

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18
Q

mm of facial expression: blood supply

A

branches:

  • facial aa
  • maxillary
  • superficial temporal aa
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19
Q

mm of facial expression: nerves main branches

A
  • temporofacial

- cervicofacial

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20
Q

mm of facial expression: cervicofacial branches

A
  • buccal
  • marginal mandibular
  • cervical
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21
Q

mm of facial expression: temporofacial branches

A
  • temporal

- zygomatic

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22
Q

mm of facial expression: lymph drainage

A
  • submental nodes
  • submandibular
  • pre-auricular
  • parotid
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23
Q

list mm move mandible (for mastication and speech)

A
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • lateral pterygoid
  • medial pterygoid
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24
Q

boundaries of neck: superior

A
  • superior nuchal line
  • mastoid process
  • mandible
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25
Q

boundaries of neck: posterior

A
  • C7 vertebra
  • acromion
  • manubrium
  • clavicle
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26
Q

fascia of neck: types

A
  • superficial

- deep

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27
Q

fascia of neck: deep fascia

A
  • investing
  • pretracheal
  • prevertebral
28
Q

fascia of neck: superficial fascia type

A
  • subcutaneous ct
29
Q

fascia of neck: superficial contains

A
  • platysma mm
  • superficial nerves
  • superficial blood v
  • superficial lymphatics
30
Q

fascia of neck: deep encloses

A
  • SCM

- trapezius mm

31
Q

fascia of neck: deep pre-vertebral layer

A
  • tubular sheath for vertebral column and mm
32
Q

fascia of neck: deep pre-tracheal layer

A

encloses:

  • (muscular layer - infrahyoid mm)
  • visceral layer (trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland)
33
Q

triangles of neck:

A
  • ant

- post

34
Q

ant cervical triangle: boundaries

A
  • ant border of SCM mm
  • ant midline of neck
  • mandible
35
Q

ant cervical triangle: subdivided into smaller triangles

A
  • submandibular
  • submental
  • muscular
  • carotid
36
Q

mm neck of ant triangle: suprahyoid mm

A
  • stylohyoid
  • diagastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
37
Q

mm neck of ant triangle: infrahyoid mm

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
  • sternothyroid
38
Q

innervation: diagastric mm

A

ant belly:

  • inf alveolar n
  • mandibular n

post belly:
- facial n

39
Q

innervation: stylohyoid mm

A

facial n

40
Q

innervation: mylohyoid mm

A

inf alveolar n (from mandibular n)

41
Q

innervation: geniohyoid and thyrohyoid

A

ventral ramus C1 (via hypoglossal n)

42
Q

innervation: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid

A

ventral rami C1-3 (via ansa cervicalis)

43
Q

blood supply: diagastric mm

A

ext carotid aa branches

44
Q

blood supply: stylohyoid

A

ext carotid aa branches

45
Q

blood supply: mylohyoid

A

ext carotid aa branches

46
Q

blood supply: geniohyoid and thyrohyoid mm

A

ext carotid aa branches

47
Q

blood supply: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothryroid

A

ext carotid aa branches

48
Q

vessels in anterior triangle:

A
  • common carotid aa and its branches

- int jugular v and tributaries

49
Q

thyroid gland: location

A
  • lies inf to thyroid cartilage of larynx
50
Q

thyroid gland: features

A
  • two lobes and isthmus

- connect lobes (in front of 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages)

51
Q

thyroid gland: follicular cells

A

synthesis and secrete thyroid hormones

52
Q

thyroid gland: hormones

A
  • triiodothyronine (T3)

- thyroxine (T4)

53
Q

thyroid gland: parafollicular cells (C cells)

A

secrete calcitonin

54
Q

eg. hypothyroidism/ hyperthyroidism:

A

hypo:

  • nonpitting oedematous changes in skin
  • dry puffy facial appearance
  • course hair

hyper:

  • protruding eyes
  • enlarged thyroid gland
55
Q

post triangle of neck: subdivided into

A
  • occipital

- subclavian (omoclavicular)

56
Q

post triangle neck: boundaries

A
  • SCM

- trapezius mm

57
Q

post triangle neck: blood v

A
  • ext jugular v
  • post external jugular v
  • transverse cervical v
58
Q

post triangle neck: nerves

A
  • supraclavicular n

- accessory n (XI)

59
Q

neck mm move head and vertebral column: (15)

A
  • SCM
  • semispinalis capitis
  • spinalis capitis
  • splenius capitis
  • longissimus capitis
  • iliocostalis cervicis
  • semispinalis cervicis
  • splenius cervicis
  • longissimus cervicis
  • scalenes (ant, middle, post)
  • multifidus
  • rotatores
  • interspinales
  • intertransversarii
60
Q

ear muscles:

A
  • stapedius

- tensor tympani

61
Q

mm attach to tongue: extrinsic (4)

A
  • genioglossus
  • styloglossus
  • palatoglossus
  • hypoglossus
62
Q

mm attach to tongue: intrinsic (4)

A
  • superior longitudinal
  • inf longitudinal
  • transverse
  • vertical
63
Q

mm of soft palate: (5)

A
  • tensor veli palatini
  • levator veli palatini
  • palatophryngeus
  • palatoglossus
  • musculus uvulae
64
Q

mm of larynx (assist in speech): extrinsic

A
  • infrahyoid group
65
Q

mm of larynx (assist in speech): intrinsic

A
  • cricothyroid
  • thyroaryntenoid
  • cricoaryntenoid (lateral and post)
  • transverse and oblique aryntenoid vocalis
66
Q

mm of pharynx (assist in speech and swallowing): circular layer

A
  • inf constrictor
  • middle constrictor
  • sup constrictor
67
Q

mm of larynx (assist in speech): longitudinal layer

A
  • palatopharyngeus
  • stylopharyngeus
  • salpingopharyngeus

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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