Head and neck: musculoskeletal features Flashcards
1
Q
head consists of: (8)
A
- skull
- face
- scalp
- teeth
- brain and meninges
- cranial nerves
- special sense organs
- blood vessels, lymphatics, fat
2
Q
scalp: list layers
A
- Skin
- Ct dense
- Aponeurotic layer
- Loose areolar ct
- Pericranium
3
Q
scalp: aponeurosis of what muscles?
A
- occipitofrontalis
- temporoparietalis
- superior auricular
4
Q
scalp: sensory nerve supply
A
- cervical
- cranial
5
Q
occipitofrontalis mm: innervation
A
- facial nerve
CN VII
6
Q
scalp: blood supply branches
A
branches from:
- ophthalmic
- external carotid
7
Q
scalp: opthalmic branches
A
- supratrochlear
- supraorbital
8
Q
scalp: ext carotid branches
A
- post auricular
- occipital
- superficial temporal
9
Q
eg. Langer’s lines
A
- natural crinkle lines of face
- incisions along these -> minimal scarring
10
Q
face: unique features
A
- doesn’t have distinct deep fascia
- loose subcutaneous tissue -> fluid and blood accumulation (oedema and bruising)
- face lacerations gape
11
Q
mm of facial expression: orbit/ eyebrow (2)
A
- orbicularis oculi (palpebral and orbital parts)
- corrugator superciliii
12
Q
mm of facial expression: mouth (10)
A
- orbicularis oris
- zygomaticus major/ minor
- levator labiii superioris
- levator labiii superioris alaeque nasi
- levator anguli oris
- depressor anguli oris
- buccinator
- risorius
- mentalis
13
Q
mm of facial expression: ears
A
- ant auricular
- post auricular
- sup auricular
14
Q
mm of facial expression: scalp
A
- occipitofrontalis (occipital and frontal belly)
15
Q
mm of facial expression: neck
A
- platysma
16
Q
mm of facial expression: nasal
A
- nasalis (transverse and alar parts)
- procerus
- depressor septi
17
Q
mm of facial expression: innervation
A
facial n
18
Q
mm of facial expression: blood supply
A
branches:
- facial aa
- maxillary
- superficial temporal aa
19
Q
mm of facial expression: nerves main branches
A
- temporofacial
- cervicofacial
20
Q
mm of facial expression: cervicofacial branches
A
- buccal
- marginal mandibular
- cervical
21
Q
mm of facial expression: temporofacial branches
A
- temporal
- zygomatic
22
Q
mm of facial expression: lymph drainage
A
- submental nodes
- submandibular
- pre-auricular
- parotid
23
Q
list mm move mandible (for mastication and speech)
A
- masseter
- temporalis
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
24
Q
boundaries of neck: superior
A
- superior nuchal line
- mastoid process
- mandible
25
boundaries of neck: posterior
- C7 vertebra
- acromion
- manubrium
- clavicle
26
fascia of neck: types
- superficial
| - deep
27
fascia of neck: deep fascia
- investing
- pretracheal
- prevertebral
28
fascia of neck: superficial fascia type
- subcutaneous ct
29
fascia of neck: superficial contains
- platysma mm
- superficial nerves
- superficial blood v
- superficial lymphatics
30
fascia of neck: deep encloses
- SCM
| - trapezius mm
31
fascia of neck: deep pre-vertebral layer
- tubular sheath for vertebral column and mm
32
fascia of neck: deep pre-tracheal layer
encloses:
- (muscular layer - infrahyoid mm)
- visceral layer (trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland)
33
triangles of neck:
- ant
| - post
34
ant cervical triangle: boundaries
- ant border of SCM mm
- ant midline of neck
- mandible
35
ant cervical triangle: subdivided into smaller triangles
- submandibular
- submental
- muscular
- carotid
36
mm neck of ant triangle: suprahyoid mm
- stylohyoid
- diagastric
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
37
mm neck of ant triangle: infrahyoid mm
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- sternothyroid
38
innervation: diagastric mm
ant belly:
- inf alveolar n
- mandibular n
post belly:
- facial n
39
innervation: stylohyoid mm
facial n
40
innervation: mylohyoid mm
inf alveolar n (from mandibular n)
41
innervation: geniohyoid and thyrohyoid
ventral ramus C1 (via hypoglossal n)
42
innervation: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid
ventral rami C1-3 (via ansa cervicalis)
43
blood supply: diagastric mm
ext carotid aa branches
44
blood supply: stylohyoid
ext carotid aa branches
45
blood supply: mylohyoid
ext carotid aa branches
46
blood supply: geniohyoid and thyrohyoid mm
ext carotid aa branches
47
blood supply: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothryroid
ext carotid aa branches
48
vessels in anterior triangle:
- common carotid aa and its branches
| - int jugular v and tributaries
49
thyroid gland: location
- lies inf to thyroid cartilage of larynx
50
thyroid gland: features
- two lobes and isthmus
| - connect lobes (in front of 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages)
51
thyroid gland: follicular cells
synthesis and secrete thyroid hormones
52
thyroid gland: hormones
- triiodothyronine (T3)
| - thyroxine (T4)
53
thyroid gland: parafollicular cells (C cells)
secrete calcitonin
54
eg. hypothyroidism/ hyperthyroidism:
hypo:
- nonpitting oedematous changes in skin
- dry puffy facial appearance
- course hair
hyper:
- protruding eyes
- enlarged thyroid gland
55
post triangle of neck: subdivided into
- occipital
| - subclavian (omoclavicular)
56
post triangle neck: boundaries
- SCM
| - trapezius mm
57
post triangle neck: blood v
- ext jugular v
- post external jugular v
- transverse cervical v
58
post triangle neck: nerves
- supraclavicular n
| - accessory n (XI)
59
neck mm move head and vertebral column: (15)
- SCM
- semispinalis capitis
- spinalis capitis
- splenius capitis
- longissimus capitis
- iliocostalis cervicis
- semispinalis cervicis
- splenius cervicis
- longissimus cervicis
- scalenes (ant, middle, post)
- multifidus
- rotatores
- interspinales
- intertransversarii
60
ear muscles:
- stapedius
| - tensor tympani
61
mm attach to tongue: extrinsic (4)
- genioglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus
- hypoglossus
62
mm attach to tongue: intrinsic (4)
- superior longitudinal
- inf longitudinal
- transverse
- vertical
63
mm of soft palate: (5)
- tensor veli palatini
- levator veli palatini
- palatophryngeus
- palatoglossus
- musculus uvulae
64
mm of larynx (assist in speech): extrinsic
- infrahyoid group
65
mm of larynx (assist in speech): intrinsic
- cricothyroid
- thyroaryntenoid
- cricoaryntenoid (lateral and post)
- transverse and oblique aryntenoid vocalis
66
mm of pharynx (assist in speech and swallowing): circular layer
- inf constrictor
- middle constrictor
- sup constrictor
67
mm of larynx (assist in speech): longitudinal layer
- palatopharyngeus
- stylopharyngeus
- salpingopharyngeus
