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3. HLTH 213 > Thorax: viscera (Heart) > Flashcards

Thorax: viscera (Heart) Flashcards

1
Q

middle mediastinum: features

A
  • centrally placed in thoracic cavity containing:
  • pericardium
  • heart
  • roots of great vessels
  • nerves
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2
Q

pericardium: features

A
  • fibro-serous sac enclosing heart and roots of great vessels
  • fibrous pericardium
  • serous pericardium
    (parietal and visceral)
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3
Q

pericardium: fibrous pericardium bounded to

A

diaphragm:
- pericardiodiaphragmatic lig

sternum:
- sternopericardial lig

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4
Q

pericardium: nerve supply originates from

A
  • phrenic n
  • vagus n
  • parasympathetic trunks
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5
Q

pericardium: pain sensation from parietal pericardium conveyed by:

A
  • phrenic nn

- commonly referred to skin in supraclavicular and neck region

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6
Q

heart: base directed and consists of

A

superior and posterior

  • L atrium
  • small bit of R atrium
  • pulmonary veins
  • superior/ inf vena cava
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7
Q

heart: apex directed and consists of

A
  • inferior, anterior and to the left

- L ventricle

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8
Q

heart: name surfaces

A
  • anterior
  • inferior
  • left
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9
Q

heart: ant surface

A

sterno-costal

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10
Q

heart: inf surface

A

diaphragmatic

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11
Q

heart: left

A

pulmonary

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12
Q

heart: name borders

A
  • R
  • L
  • inferior
  • superior
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13
Q

heart: R border

A

R atrium

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14
Q

heart: inferior border

A

mainly R ventricle and slightly L ventricle

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15
Q

heart: L border

A

L ventricle and L atrium

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16
Q

heart: superior border

A

L and R atria, SVC, aorta, pulmonary trunk

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17
Q

name parts of cardiac cycle:

A
  • diastole

- systole

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18
Q

cardiac cycle: diastole

A

ventricular filling

19
Q

cardiac cycle: systole

A

ventricular emptying

20
Q

R atrium: features incl. musuli pectinati, crista terminalis, sinus venosum

A
  • R border of heart
  • receives deoxygenated blood from SVC, IVC and coronary sinus
  • has auricle overlapping ascending aorta
  • oval fossa (oval foramen in foetus)
  • musculi pectinati (pectinate muscles)

crista terminalis: (smooth muscular ridge btw IVC and SVC)

embryonic sinus venosum (small tissue folds indicate remnants btw coronary sinus and IVC)

21
Q

development: derived from

A
  • splanchnoplueric mesenchyme in neural plate
22
Q

development: formation process

A

cardiogenic region - 2 endocardial tubes form/ fuse = tubular heart - heart chambers develop foramen ovalis (allow blood btw atria) - septum primum seals foramen ovalis at birth

23
Q

R ventricle: features

A
  • forms most of inf border
  • interior of chamber has trabecular carneae/ papillary muscles (muscular elevations) and conus arteriosus (smooth walls), OUTFLOW part
24
Q

R ventricle: receives blood from

A

R atrium through AV (atrioventricular) orifice guarded by tricuspid valve

25
Q

R ventricle: tricuspid valve features

A
  • three cusps
  • chordae tendinae attach to free edge of cusps
  • papillary muscles (trabeculae carneae) attach cords to ventricular surface
26
Q

R ventricle: main papillary muscles and attachments

A
  • anterior (largest)
  • post (1-3)
  • septal (small or absent)

at cone base: attached to ventricular walls
- chordae tendinae arise from apices

27
Q

R ventricle: pulmonary valve

A

at apex of conus arteriosus consist of 3 semilunar cusps

28
Q

L atrium: features

A
  • forms most of base of heart
  • interior: larger smooth-walled part
  • smaller muscular part (auricle)
  • 4 pulmonary veins enter post wall
  • interatrial septum w depression of fossa ovale
  • AV orifice
29
Q

L ventricle: interior features

A
  • AV orifice guarded by bicuspid (mitral) valve
  • thickest layer of myocardium
  • largest conical chamber
  • finer trabeculae carneae
  • 2 papillary muscles (ant/ post) larger than R ventricle
  • aortic valve similar to pulmonary valve (3 semilunar cusps)
30
Q

aortic valve:

A
  • 3 semilunar cusps project into aorta
  • R and L coronary arteries (og. from R and L aortic sinuses)
  • blood recoil after ventricular retraction fills aortic sinuses and feeds coronary aa
31
Q

auscultation: aortic valve

A

R upper chest, below clavicle

32
Q

auscultation: pulmonary valve

A

L upper chest below clavicle

33
Q

auscultation: tricuspid valve

A

L mid chest medial, next to nipple

34
Q

auscultation: mitral valve

A

L lower chest, laterally under nipple

35
Q

cardiac skeleton: features

A
  • fibrous ct around AV and aortic orifices,

- pulmonary trunk opening interconnected by L and R trigones

36
Q

cardiac skeleton: function

A
  • attachment for cusps
  • separates atrial musculature from ventricular
  • electrical insulator, independent contraction of atria and ventricle
37
Q

coronary circulation: coronary aa

A
  • branches of ascending aorta

- originate from R and L aortic sinuses

38
Q

R coronary artery: branches

A
  • sinuatrial nodal branch
  • R marginal branch
  • post interventricular branch
39
Q

L coronary artery: branches

A
  • anterior interventricular branch
  • circumflex branch
  • L marginal aa
40
Q

cardiac veins:

A
  • great cardiac vein begins at apex of heart - ascends w ant interventricular aa - curves into diaphragmatic surface and coronary sulcus - enlarges and forms coronary sinus which enters R atrium
  • middle cardiac v
  • small cardiac v
  • ant veins of R ventricle
41
Q

cardiac inn:

A
  • autonomic nervous fibres from cardiac plexuses:
  • sympathetic fibres (T1-6) thoracic segments of spinal cord
  • parasympathetic fibres (vagus nn)
42
Q

eg. myocardial infarction:

A
  • blocked blood supply in heart
  • usually by excess plaque
  • tissue death
43
Q

eg. referred pain:

A
  • referred to T1-4 dermatomes
44
Q

eg. angina

A

chest pain

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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