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Gross Anatomy > Thorax&Abdomen > Flashcards

Thorax&Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What does trunk consist of?

A

thorax and abdomen

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2
Q

Where is the thorax?

A

from base of neck to the diaphragm muscle

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3
Q

What is thorax function?

A

protect heart and lung

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4
Q

What are muscles that thorax attached to?

A

upper limb

back

respiration

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5
Q

Where is the abdomen?

A

from diaphragm muscle to pelvic inlet

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6
Q

What does abdomen contain?

A

major viscera of digestive system

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7
Q

What does hold viscera in place?

A

masculature

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8
Q

What part of abdomen doesn’t have bony structure?

A

lumbar vertebrae

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9
Q

What is the name for superior thorax?

A

superior thoracic aperture or thoracic inlet

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10
Q

What is the shape of superior thorax?

A

kidney-shaped opening

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11
Q

What is superior thorax formed of?

A

T1 vertebrae, 1st pair of ribs and superior margin manubrium

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12
Q

What does superior border of thorax include?

A

apex of lungs

common carotid artery

internal jugular vein

subclavian artery & vein

Esophagu & trachea

brachial plexus

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13
Q

what is the cause of thoracic inlet syndrome?

A

compressiion of thoracic inlet

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of thoracic inlet syndrome?

A

Reduced blood flow (cool bluish skin)

muscle weakness

C8+T1 damaged -> loose the sense of your hand

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15
Q

What does brachial plexus supply?

A

C8 + T1

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16
Q

Where is the inferior thorax?

A

wide opening formed by T12 vertebrae, 12th pair ribs & costal arch

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17
Q

What are in the anterior border of thorax?

A

sternumb, ribs and costal cartilages

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18
Q

What are part of the posterior thorax?

A

thoracic vertebrae and ribs

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19
Q

How many thoracic vertebraes are there?

A

12

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20
Q

What are parts of sternum?

A

manubrium

body

xiphoid process

jugular notch

sternal angle

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21
Q

Where is the jugular notch?

A

on top of the sternum of manubrium

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22
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

between body and manubrium

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23
Q

what true ribs are there?

A

1-7 ribs attached to sternum

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24
Q

What are there false ribs?

A

8-10 superior without attaching to sternum

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25
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

10-11 as it doesn’t have anterior attachment

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26
Q

Where does common carotid artery going through?

A

cervical vertebrae

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27
Q

Where does the subclavian artery and veins go to?

A

the arm

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28
Q

How many joints does thorax have?

A

2 posterior joints and 4 anterior joints

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29
Q

What are those 2 posterior joints?

A

costovertebral and costotransverse

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30
Q

What kind is costovertebral joint?

A

plane joint and connecting between head of ribs and two vertebrae

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31
Q

What ligaments does costovertebral joints have?

A

interosseous ligament

radiate (stellate) lig

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32
Q

What does interosseous ligament do?

A

connecting crest of head (ribs) to vertebrae disk

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33
Q

What does radiate (stellate) lig do?

A

reinforce the ligament of costalvertebral joints

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34
Q

What do the ribs of thorax consist of?

A

head, neck and body

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35
Q

What does travel through costal groove?

A

veins and nerves

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36
Q

What does the crest of head of ribs do?

A

articulate with the vertebral body at the costovertebral joint

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37
Q

What part of the rib that articulate with the transverse process of vertebrae?

A

Tubercle of the neck

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38
Q

What does costotransverse joints consist of?

A

superior CT lig

CT proper or posterior

lateral CT lig

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39
Q

What does superior CT ligament connect?

A

superior surface crest of neck to inferior surfeace of transverse process

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40
Q

What does CT proper or posterior connect?

A

posterior surface of neck to the anterior surface of transverse process

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41
Q

Where does the tubercle of rib articulate?

A

the transverse process at costotransverse joint

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42
Q

Where is the most vulnerable broken place of the rib?

A

costal angle

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43
Q

What does lateral CT lig connect?

A

tip of transverse process and tubucle of rib

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44
Q

What is the action does rib 1-7 do?

A

roll (pump handle movement)

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45
Q

What action does rib 8-10 do?

A

silde (buckle handle movement)

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46
Q

What are 4 anterior thorax joints?

A

2 rib-sternum

2 intrasternal

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47
Q

What kind of joints is constalchondral? chondrosternal?

A

synchondrosis.

synchondrosis for the 1st rib and plane joint for the remaining

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48
Q

What are parts of rib-sternum joints?

A

constochondral and chondrosternal

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49
Q

What is the costochondral joint?

A

the rib start of costal cartilage

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50
Q

What is the chondrosternal joint?

A

the sternum costal cartilage

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51
Q

What are parts of intrasternal joints?

A

manubriosternal

xiphisternal

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52
Q

What kind of jointis is manubriosternal? Where is it?

A

symphysis. In manubrium

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53
Q

What kind of joint

A
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54
Q

Muscle that attach to the ribs has the potential to affect respiration

A

Pectoral muscles

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55
Q

What are the thoracic muscles concerned exclusively w/ respiration?

A

diaphragm

intercostal

serratus posterior

levator costarum

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56
Q

What muscle cover the thoracic wall?

A

pectoral

serratus anterior

trapezius

lats

erector spinae

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57
Q
A
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58
Q

What is the layer muscles of intercostal?

A

external

internal

innermost layer

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59
Q

Where is the external intercostal muscle bulk in?

A

in back (posterior)

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60
Q

Where is the internal ntercostal muscle bulk in?

A

anterior

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61
Q

What muscles are made of the innermost?

A

Innermost (lateral)

transversus thoracics (anterior)

subcostals (posterior)

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62
Q

What is the levator costarum muscle?

A

transverse process to 1 or 2 ribs below between tubercle and angle

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63
Q

What muscle is inferomedial in intercostal?

A

external intercostal muscle

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64
Q

What intercostal muscles that are superomedial?

A

internal intercostal muscles and innermost intercostal

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65
Q

Where does nerve and blood vessels travel in the intercostal muscle layers?

A

between internal and innermost intercostal muscle

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66
Q

What does the endothoracic fascia do?

A

line the thoracic cage

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67
Q

What is the order of thoracic fascia layer?

A

superficial

deep layer

thoracolumbar

endothoracic

suprapleural

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68
Q

What is in between parietal and visceral pleura?

A

pleural cavity

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69
Q

What is the function of pleural cavity?

A

reduce fiction between visceral and parietal pleura

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70
Q

What is the suprapleural membrane?

A

endothoracic fascia covering apices of lung

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71
Q

What are the nerves supply that travel through thorax?

A

intercostal nerve

subcostal nerve

72
Q

What are the blood supplies for thorax?

A

Posterior intercostal artery

73
Q

What arteries does posterior intercostal give off?

A

segmental medullary arteries

74
Q

Where does the posterior intercostal artery travel?

A

between innermost and internal muscle thorax

75
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery give off?

A

anterior IC art

anterior cutaneous artery

76
Q

What does give off the intercostal nerve ?

A

anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerve

77
Q

What does the intercostal nerve give off?

A

anterior and lateral cutaneous nerve

78
Q

Where is the subcostal blood?

A

under rib 12 because it doesn’t travel between internal and innermost intercostal anymore

79
Q

What is the travel route of intercostal nerve?

A

1-6 gives off anterior cutaneous nerves then 7-12 innervate abdominal oblique muscle

80
Q

What blood supply the 1st IC spaces of thorax?

A

superior thoracic artery

supreme IC artery

81
Q

What is the other name for interosseous lig?

A

intra-articular lig

82
Q

Where does the posterior IC drain into?

A

azygos or hemiazygos

83
Q

where does anterior IC drain into?

A

internal thoracic

84
Q

What are part of lymphatic?

A

axiallary

parasternal

intercostal

85
Q

Where does the axillary artery drain into?

A

superficial thorax

86
Q

Where does the parasternal artery drain into? Intercostal?

A

deep anterior thorax

deep posterior thorax

87
Q

What is the order of vein artery and nerve superiorly?

A

VAN ( Vein -> Artery -> Nerve)

88
Q

What is the transversalis fascia similar to?

A

endothoracic fascia of thorax

89
Q

What is the fascia layer of abdomen?

A

Superficial

Deep

transversalis fascia

Peritoneum

90
Q

What are the abdomen muscle?

A

4 anterior muscle and 4 posterior muscles

91
Q

What is similar to the external abdominal oblique?

A

external intercostal muscle (inferomedially)

92
Q

What does the external oblique aponeurosis contribute to?

A

linea alba

93
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

insertion of external oblique. midline of the abs

94
Q

What does the inguinal ligament do?

A

connect ASIS to the pubic tuberole

95
Q

Where is the orign of external oblique? Insertion?

A

the ribs

linea alba

95
Q

What action does external oblique do? Internal?

A

normal action

reverse action

96
Q

Origin of internal oblique? Insertion?

A

fascia

ribs

97
Q

What is the deepest abdomen muscle? Is this muscle same as to the intercostal muscle in thorax?

A

transversus abdominus

No because its different muscle from internal/external oblique

98
Q

What is the function of abdomen?

A

support the abdominal viscera

compression

move the trunk

99
Q

What actions does abdomen do?

A

compression (normal action and reverse action)

100
Q

What is the insertion when you move your trunk?

A

costal attachment (ribs)

101
Q

Does transverus abdominus help to move the trunk?

102
Q

Internal Oblique: reverse action?

normal action?

A

abdominal compression

ipsilateral rotation

103
Q

External oblique: reverse action?

Normal action

A

Contralateral Rotation

abdominal compression

104
Q

What movement of the trunk?

A

bilateral: flex trunk
unilateral: lateral flexion/rotation

105
Q

What movement does the rectus abdominus do?

A

pull the thorax toward the abdomen

106
Q

What is rectus abdominus different from other muscle?

A

It doesn’t run on fiber from origin to the insertion

107
Q

What are the blood supplies for abdomen?

108
Q

What are the nerve supply to abdominal flat muscle?

A

from the continuation of the thorax (anterior rami T7-T11 and subcostal)

ilioinguinal & iliohypogastric (L1)

Cutaneous (continuation of the bigger nerves)

109
Q

What are the blood supplies for flat anterior?

A

lower posterior intercostal & subcostal

deep circumflex iliac

110
Q

What are the blood supplies for rectus abdominus?

A

superior epigastric

inferior epigastic

111
Q

Where does the superior epigastric come from?

A

internal thoracic artery

112
Q

What made of rectus sheath?

A

External/Internal Oblique, Transversus abdominus and transverilis fascia

113
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

the passage in the anterior abdominal wall that having the spermatic cord or lig. of uterus going through

114
Q

What does the cremaster reflex do?

A

muscle contract and elevate testes

115
Q

What is the origin of rectus abdominus?

insertion?

A

The pubic

the xiphoid process of thorax

116
Q

What is the motor command nerve of cremaster reflex?

A

genitofemoral

117
Q

What is the border of inguinal canal?

A

Floor: inguinal ligament

Wall(superficial): external abdominal oblique

Internal Wall (deep): transversalis fascia

Roof: Internal Ab oblique, transverse abdominus

118
Q

What is the opening of inguinal canal?

A

transversus fascia (deep ring)

119
Q

What is the exit of inguinal canal?

A

superficial ring (external abd oblique)

120
Q

What happen to the indirect inguinal hernia(75%)?

A

it goes through the deep ring, through canal and out of the superfial ring follow testes

121
Q

What happens in the direct (25%) inguinal hernia?

A

bypasses the deep ring creating a new hole in the transversalis fascia and out the superficial ring

122
Q

What are the posterior muscles of abdomen?

A

quadratus lumborum

psoas major

iliacus

psoas minor

123
Q

What actions does quadratus lumborum do?

A

respiration

unilateral action: side bending (lateral flexion)

reverse action (elevate hip/pelvis)

124
Q

What is the origin of quadratus lumborum? insertion?

A

abdomen muscles (L1-4)

ribs (T12)

125
Q

Where is the psoas major?

126
Q

What is the sensory nerve for cremaster circumflex?

A

ilioinguinal

127
Q

What made of iliopsoas? What is it powerful of?

A

psoas major and iliacus

hip flexion

128
Q

What are the vestigeal muscle in posterior abdomen?

A

psoas minor

129
Q

What are the blood supplies for posterior abdomen muscles?

A

lumbar artery and subcostal

130
Q

What is the primary muscle of inspiration?

131
Q

What is the origin of diaphragm? Insertion

A

the outer part of diaphragm (contractile)

the non-contractile tendon (central)

132
Q

What are the region of diaphragm?

A

sternal (xiphoid process)

costal (lateral and medial articulate ligs) cartilage 7,8,9 and end of 10.12

lumbar (L1)

133
Q

What does lateral arcuate ligament attach to?

A

quadratus lumborum

134
Q

What does the medial arcuate ligament attach to?

A

psoas major

135
Q

What made of the space for aorta?

A

cruna and median arcuate lig

136
Q

Where is the aorta hiatus? esophageal hiatus? vena caval hiatus?

A

T12 (thorax to abdomen)

T10 (head to abdomen)

T8 (abdomen to thorax)

137
Q

What nerves innervate diaphragm?

A

C3-C5 phrenic nerves come together to innervate diaphragm

138
Q

What activate the phrenic nerves?

A

brainstem respiratory nuclei

139
Q

What are the blood supplies to diaphragm?

A

superior and inferior phrenic artery

140
Q

Where is the superior phrenic art? inferior?

A

branch of the aorta above the diaphragm

branch of the aorta below the diaphragm

141
Q

What are the blood supplies for abdomen?

A

subcostal artery

abdominal aorta

inferior vena cava

142
Q

what are the types of abdominal aorta?

A

3 anterior visceral unpaired

4 lateral visceral paired

posterior parietal paired

143
Q

Is subcostal artery branch off from aorta?

A

No, because it is below T12 and in abdomen, it is also considered to supply blood to abdomen

144
Q

What are the 3 types anterior visceral unpaired?

A

celiac trunk

superior mesenteric

inf mesenteric

145
Q

What does celiac trunk supply? sup. mesenteric? inf. mesenteric?

A

unpaired organ

intestine

colon

146
Q

what are the 4 lateral visceral paired?

A

inf phrenic

middle suprarenal

renal

reproductive

147
Q

What does inf phrenic supply? Middle suprarenal? renal? reproductive?

A

diaphragm

adrenal gland

kidneys

ovaries/testes

148
Q

What is the aneurysm? What does it lead to?

A

weaken wall of artery

blood clots

149
Q

What are the posterior parietal paired?

A

4 lumbar and 1 median scaral

150
Q

What are the terminal branches of abdominal aorta?

A

common iliacs (each on one leg)

151
Q

What do lumbar arteries supply?

A

posterior abdominal wall muscle and spinal cord

152
Q

Where are the common iliac arteries?

A

between L4/5

153
Q

What are the branches of common iliac arteries?

A

external and internal iliac arteries

154
Q

What are the internal iliac arteries?

A

super/infer gluteal and obturator

155
Q

What are the branches of external iliac arteries?

A

deep circumflex iliac

inferior circumflex iliac

156
Q

What does external iliac supply?

A

lower extremity (femoral artery)

157
Q

Where are the internal/external iliac located?

158
Q

What does deep circumflex iliac supply? and Where does it branches from?

A

lower abdominals and it branches from external iliac artery

159
Q

What does inferior epigastric supply?

A

rectus abdominus

160
Q

Where does inferior vena cava go through? Where is it?

A

vena cava hiatus

L5

161
Q

What does obturator arteries supply?

A

obturator internus & externus, hip joint

162
Q

What is the external iliac equivalent to?

A

axillary arteries in arm

163
Q

What does superior gluteal arteries supply?

A

gluteus maximus, medius & minimus; tensor fascia latae

164
Q

What does inferior gluteal supply?

A

gluteus maximus, obturatus internus, quadratus femoris, superior hamstrings

Gross Anatomy (28 decks)

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