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Gross Anatomy > Neck (outline 18) > Flashcards

Neck (outline 18) Flashcards

1
Q

What are structures that pass between trunk and head?

A

esophagus

trachea

carrotid/ jugular vessels

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2
Q

What are structures located in the neck?

A

thyroid/ parathyroid/ thymus gland

brachial plexus/ cervical plexus

lymph node

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3
Q

Bones/ Cartilage in Neck

A

Cervical Vertebrae

Thyroid/ Cricoid Cartilage

hyoid bone

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4
Q

What are the pharynx in neck?

A

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx (esophagus, larynx)

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5
Q

What bone in neck that is similar to sesamoid bone? Why?

A

hyoid bone

Because it doesn’t articulate with other bone

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of cervical vertebrae?

A

large transverse process

have foramen transversium and bifurcate spine process

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7
Q

What are cartilages in neck that are skeleton of larynx?

A

thyroid

cricoid

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8
Q

What are the contents of cervical plexus?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C4

Cutaneous N of anterior rami C1-C4

Phrenic N (c3-c5)

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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9
Q

What does phrenic nerve innervate? ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

diaphragm

infrahyoid muscle

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10
Q

What do 4 cutaneous branches of anterior rami of C1- C4 innervate?

A

skin on side of neck

top of shoulder

lower part of face

skull behind ear

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11
Q

What are the joints in neck?

A

atlanto-occipital joint

atlanto- axial joint

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12
Q

What is the articulating surface of C1 with C2 called? What part of C2 that articulate with C1?

A

fovia

dense

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13
Q

What does ant/post atlanto-occipital membranes do?

A

it covers from arch of C1 to the base of skull

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14
Q

what is the attachment site in medial atlanto-axial joint?

A

articulating surface of dens (c2) with articulating surface fovia (C1)

pivot joint

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15
Q

what is the attachment site in lateral atlanto-axial joint? What type of joint is this?

A

articulating surfaces of facets

plane joint

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16
Q

What are ligaments in atlanto-axial joint?

A

cruciform lig

alar lig

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17
Q

What ligament that holding dense against the fovia?

A

transverse ligament of atlas

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18
Q

What ligament that bind an edge of foramen magnum and body of C2?

A

vertical sup and inf frasciculi

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19
Q

what does alar ligaments do?

A

attach dens (C2) and foramen magnum

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20
Q

What are ligaments in cruciform ligaments of atlas? what does each do?

A

transverse lig of atlas: attach dense with fovia

vertical sup & inf fasciculi: attach body of C2 with edge of foramen magnum

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21
Q

What ligament that attach dens (C2) with foramen magnum?

A

alar ligaments

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22
Q

Tectorial membrane is the continuation of what ligament?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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23
Q

What does tectorial mebrane connect?

A

the whole C2 and the foramen magnum

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24
Q

What are the fascia in neck?

A

superficial

deep (pretrachial and prevertebral)

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25
Q

What does the prevertebral membrane cover?

A

muscle components

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26
Q

What is carotid sheath?

A

the combined of 3 layers superficial and deep

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27
Q

what locates in medial of carotid sheath? lateral and posterior?

A

common carotid artery

internal jugular vein

vagus n

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28
Q

what is carotid sheath similar to?

A

femoral sheath and axillary sheath

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29
Q

what vein that ansa cervicalis loop into?

A

internal jugular vein

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30
Q

What are the muscles in superficial neck?

A

Splenius

Platysma

SCM (sternocledomastoid)

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31
Q

Subcatagories of neck mscles with origin on vertebral column?

A

lateral vertebral

suboccipital

anterior (prevertebral)

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32
Q

What are muscles in lateral vertebrae? What nerve travel on top of this muscle?

A

scalenus (ant, post, middle)

phrenic N

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33
Q

BS and NS for lateral vertebrae muscles? Actions?

A

transverse cervical a

cervical ventral rami

lateral flexion of neck

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34
Q

What is unique about lateral vertebrae muscles?

A

they have no attachment to the skul

35
Q

What are the muscles in suboccipital?

A

rectus capitus post major/ minor

obliquus capitus inferor/ sup

36
Q

What do suboccipital muscles link?

A

link atlas, axis to the base of skull

37
Q

BS and NS of suboccipital muscles? Actions?

A

vertebral artery/ descending branch of occipital a

dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital N)

extension/ lateral flexion/ rotation of neck

38
Q

Muscles in prevertebral (anterior)

A

longus colli cervicis

longus capitus

rectus capitus (lateral and anterior)

39
Q

BS and NS for prevertebral muscles? Actions?

A

vertebral A/ ascending branch of pharyngeal A

cervical ventral rami

all flexion of neck and head

40
Q

What nerve innervate platysma?

A

Cranial N 7 (fascial nerve)

41
Q

What nerve innervate the sternoclodmastoid

A

Cranial N 11

42
Q

What travels on top of scalenus anterior?

A

phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

43
Q

Where does the brachial plexus roots emerge from?

A

scelanus anterior and medius

44
Q

OIANB of rectus capitus post major

A

C2

base of skull

head extension/ rotation to same side

suboccipital N - dorsal ramus of C1

vertebral a and descending branch of occipital a

45
Q

OIANB of rectus capitus minor

A

C1

base of skull

same as rectus captius major

46
Q

OIANB of obliquus captius superior

A

transverse process of C1

base of skull

neck extension/ lateral flexion

suboccipial N - dorsal ramus of C1

vertebral A and descending branch of occipital A

47
Q

OIANB of obliquus capitus inferior

A

transverse process of C1

spinous process of C2

strong rotator of atlas around dens

suboccipital N - dorsal ramus of C1

descending branch of occipital A and vertebral A

48
Q

What muscle that cranial N 11 innervate?

A

trapezius and sternocledomastoid

49
Q

What are suprahyoid muscles?

A

mylohyoid

geniohyloid

stylohyoid

digastric

50
Q

Actions of suprahyoid muscles?

A

elevate palate, floor of mouth, tounge, during speech or swallowing

51
Q

Origin and insertion of antior digastric

A

Hyoid bone

digastric fossa of mandible

52
Q

origin and insertion of posterior digastric

A

hyoid bone

mastoid notch of temporal bone

53
Q

Action of digastric muscles?

A

pull upp the hyoid bone

54
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid (sternum -> hyoid bone)

sternothyroid (sternum -> thyroid)

thyrohyoid (thyroid -> hyoid)

omohyoid (superior and inferior)

55
Q

Omohyoid Superior

Omohyoid Inferior

A

from hyoid to clavicle

from medial scapular notch to clavicle

56
Q

Border of anterior triangle

A

Midline of neck

inferior mandible

SCM

57
Q

Border of posterior triangle

A

SCM

Traps

Clavicle

58
Q

4 subdivision of anterior triangle

A

carotid

submandibular

muscular

submental

59
Q

2 subdivision of posterior triangle

A

occipital

supraclavicular or subclavian

60
Q

Border of carotid triangle

A

anterior SCM

Posterior digastric

Superior omohyoid

61
Q

Contents of carotid triangle?

A

common carotid

carotid sinus

carotid body

carotid sheath

62
Q

Branches of common carotid? Where does each supplY?

A

Internal carotid: brain

External carotid: face

63
Q

Carotid Sinus and its relation to blood pressure?

A

Carotid Sinus is baroreceptor, which is sensitive to blood pressure through stretch

64
Q

When blood pressure is high, what is triggered?

A

carotid sinus send signals through cranial N (IX) and excite the vagus to release Ach and decrease HR

65
Q

What nerve that carotid sinus send signal through?

A

cranial N (IX)

66
Q

What nerve inhibit the HR to decrease?

A

Vagus N (cranial X)

67
Q

What is the other name for suboccipital N

A

dorsal ramus of C1

68
Q

What is function of carotid body? Its relationship to O2?

A

It is reception of vagus nerve

it is chemoreceptor

When O2 decrease, signal inhibit vagus nerve and therefore increase HR

69
Q

Contents of submandibular triangle? Border of this triangle?

A

submandibular gland

hypoglossal N (XII)

N to mylohyoid muscles

facial A & V

posterior and anterior digastric

70
Q

What does hypoglossal N innervate? What is submandibular gland?

A

tounge

saliva gland

71
Q

Contents of muscular triangle? Border of this triangle?

A

infrahyoid muscles

thyroid and parathyroid gland

Midline of neck, superior omohyoid, anteriror SCM

72
Q

Content and Border of Submental triangle?

A

submental lymph node

2 anterior digastric

73
Q

Border of Posterior triangle

A

Posterior SCM

Anterior of upper trapezius

Superior surface of clavicle

74
Q

Floor of Posterior triangle

A

Splenius capitis

Levator Scapulae

Scalenus Anterior, Middle, Posterior

75
Q

Roof of Post Triangle of Neck

What are subdivision of Post Triangle?

A

Fascia, Platysma and Skin

occipital and subclavian (supraclavicular) triangle

76
Q

What seperate between occipital and supraclavicular triangle?

A

inferior belly of omohyoid

77
Q

Contents of occipital triangle

A

occipital A

Phrenic N

cranial N (XI)

sensory part of cervical plexus

roots, trunks and divisions of brachial plexus

suprascapular N

78
Q

Contents of supraclavicular triangle

A

subclavian A & V

External jugular vein

Transverse cervical A

79
Q

What does cranial N (XI) innervate? Loss to this nerve cause?

A

SCM and trapezius

wing scapula, lost of scapula rotation and the last 60 degree of abduction)

80
Q

What artery supply trapezius? What muscles on origin of vertebral column that this artery also supply?

A

transverse cervica A

lateral vertebrae (scalenus muscles)

81
Q

If you damage to your posterior triangle, what contents you can damage?

A

Brachial Plexus

Cranial N (XI)

Subclavian A

82
Q

Border of suboccipital triangle? What does this triangle include?

A

occipital bone of skull and posterior parts of C1 and C2

atlanto-axial and atlanto-occipital joints

83
Q

Contents of suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral A

suboccipital N (dorsal ramus of C1)

84
Q

Where is the vertebral A? What does this vertebral A supply?

A

1st branch off the subclavian

suboccipital muscles and prevertebral muscles

Gross Anatomy (28 decks)

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