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Neck (outline 18) Flashcards

1
Q

What are structures that pass between trunk and head?

A

esophagus

trachea

carrotid/ jugular vessels

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2
Q

What are structures located in the neck?

A

thyroid/ parathyroid/ thymus gland

brachial plexus/ cervical plexus

lymph node

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3
Q

Bones/ Cartilage in Neck

A

Cervical Vertebrae

Thyroid/ Cricoid Cartilage

hyoid bone

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4
Q

What are the pharynx in neck?

A

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx (esophagus, larynx)

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5
Q

What bone in neck that is similar to sesamoid bone? Why?

A

hyoid bone

Because it doesn’t articulate with other bone

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of cervical vertebrae?

A

large transverse process

have foramen transversium and bifurcate spine process

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7
Q

What are cartilages in neck that are skeleton of larynx?

A

thyroid

cricoid

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8
Q

What are the contents of cervical plexus?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C4

Cutaneous N of anterior rami C1-C4

Phrenic N (c3-c5)

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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9
Q

What does phrenic nerve innervate? ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

diaphragm

infrahyoid muscle

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10
Q

What do 4 cutaneous branches of anterior rami of C1- C4 innervate?

A

skin on side of neck

top of shoulder

lower part of face

skull behind ear

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11
Q

What are the joints in neck?

A

atlanto-occipital joint

atlanto- axial joint

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12
Q

What is the articulating surface of C1 with C2 called? What part of C2 that articulate with C1?

A

fovia

dense

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13
Q

What does ant/post atlanto-occipital membranes do?

A

it covers from arch of C1 to the base of skull

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14
Q

what is the attachment site in medial atlanto-axial joint?

A

articulating surface of dens (c2) with articulating surface fovia (C1)

pivot joint

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15
Q

what is the attachment site in lateral atlanto-axial joint? What type of joint is this?

A

articulating surfaces of facets

plane joint

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16
Q

What are ligaments in atlanto-axial joint?

A

cruciform lig

alar lig

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17
Q

What ligament that holding dense against the fovia?

A

transverse ligament of atlas

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18
Q

What ligament that bind an edge of foramen magnum and body of C2?

A

vertical sup and inf frasciculi

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19
Q

what does alar ligaments do?

A

attach dens (C2) and foramen magnum

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20
Q

What are ligaments in cruciform ligaments of atlas? what does each do?

A

transverse lig of atlas: attach dense with fovia

vertical sup & inf fasciculi: attach body of C2 with edge of foramen magnum

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21
Q

What ligament that attach dens (C2) with foramen magnum?

A

alar ligaments

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22
Q

Tectorial membrane is the continuation of what ligament?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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23
Q

What does tectorial mebrane connect?

A

the whole C2 and the foramen magnum

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24
Q

What are the fascia in neck?

A

superficial

deep (pretrachial and prevertebral)

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25
What does the prevertebral membrane cover?
muscle components
26
What is carotid sheath?
the combined of 3 layers superficial and deep
27
what locates in medial of carotid sheath? lateral and posterior?
common carotid artery internal jugular vein vagus n
28
what is carotid sheath similar to?
femoral sheath and axillary sheath
29
what vein that ansa cervicalis loop into?
internal jugular vein
30
What are the muscles in superficial neck?
Splenius Platysma SCM (sternocledomastoid)
31
Subcatagories of neck mscles with origin on vertebral column?
lateral vertebral suboccipital anterior (prevertebral)
32
What are muscles in lateral vertebrae? What nerve travel on top of this muscle?
scalenus (ant, post, middle) phrenic N
33
BS and NS for lateral vertebrae muscles? Actions?
transverse cervical a cervical ventral rami lateral flexion of neck
34
What is unique about lateral vertebrae muscles?
they have no attachment to the skul
35
What are the muscles in suboccipital?
rectus capitus post major/ minor obliquus capitus inferor/ sup
36
What do suboccipital muscles link?
link atlas, axis to the base of skull
37
BS and NS of suboccipital muscles? Actions?
vertebral artery/ descending branch of occipital a dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital N) extension/ lateral flexion/ rotation of neck
38
Muscles in prevertebral (anterior)
longus colli cervicis longus capitus rectus capitus (lateral and anterior)
39
BS and NS for prevertebral muscles? Actions?
vertebral A/ ascending branch of pharyngeal A cervical ventral rami all flexion of neck and head
40
What nerve innervate platysma?
Cranial N 7 (fascial nerve)
41
What nerve innervate the sternoclodmastoid
Cranial N 11
42
What travels on top of scalenus anterior?
phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
43
Where does the brachial plexus roots emerge from?
scelanus anterior and medius
44
OIANB of rectus capitus post major
C2 base of skull head extension/ rotation to same side suboccipital N - dorsal ramus of C1 vertebral a and descending branch of occipital a
45
OIANB of rectus capitus minor
C1 base of skull same as rectus captius major
46
OIANB of obliquus captius superior
transverse process of C1 base of skull neck extension/ lateral flexion suboccipial N - dorsal ramus of C1 vertebral A and descending branch of occipital A
47
OIANB of obliquus capitus inferior
transverse process of C1 spinous process of C2 strong rotator of atlas around dens suboccipital N - dorsal ramus of C1 descending branch of occipital A and vertebral A
48
What muscle that cranial N 11 innervate?
trapezius and sternocledomastoid
49
What are suprahyoid muscles?
mylohyoid geniohyloid stylohyoid digastric
50
Actions of suprahyoid muscles?
elevate palate, floor of mouth, tounge, during speech or swallowing
51
Origin and insertion of antior digastric
Hyoid bone digastric fossa of mandible
52
origin and insertion of posterior digastric
hyoid bone mastoid notch of temporal bone
53
Action of digastric muscles?
pull upp the hyoid bone
54
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
sternohyoid (sternum -\> hyoid bone) sternothyroid (sternum -\> thyroid) thyrohyoid (thyroid -\> hyoid) omohyoid (superior and inferior)
55
Omohyoid Superior Omohyoid Inferior
from hyoid to clavicle from medial scapular notch to clavicle
56
Border of anterior triangle
Midline of neck inferior mandible SCM
57
Border of posterior triangle
SCM Traps Clavicle
58
4 subdivision of anterior triangle
carotid submandibular muscular submental
59
2 subdivision of posterior triangle
occipital supraclavicular or subclavian
60
Border of carotid triangle
anterior SCM Posterior digastric Superior omohyoid
61
Contents of carotid triangle?
common carotid carotid sinus carotid body carotid sheath
62
Branches of common carotid? Where does each supplY?
Internal carotid: brain External carotid: face
63
Carotid Sinus and its relation to blood pressure?
Carotid Sinus is baroreceptor, which is sensitive to blood pressure through stretch
64
When blood pressure is high, what is triggered?
carotid sinus send signals through cranial N (IX) and excite the vagus to release Ach and decrease HR
65
What nerve that carotid sinus send signal through?
cranial N (IX)
66
What nerve inhibit the HR to decrease?
Vagus N (cranial X)
67
What is the other name for suboccipital N
dorsal ramus of C1
68
What is function of carotid body? Its relationship to O2?
It is reception of vagus nerve it is chemoreceptor When O2 decrease, signal inhibit vagus nerve and therefore increase HR
69
Contents of submandibular triangle? Border of this triangle?
submandibular gland hypoglossal N (XII) N to mylohyoid muscles facial A & V posterior and anterior digastric
70
What does hypoglossal N innervate? What is submandibular gland?
tounge saliva gland
71
Contents of muscular triangle? Border of this triangle?
infrahyoid muscles thyroid and parathyroid gland Midline of neck, superior omohyoid, anteriror SCM
72
Content and Border of Submental triangle?
submental lymph node 2 anterior digastric
73
Border of Posterior triangle
Posterior SCM Anterior of upper trapezius Superior surface of clavicle
74
Floor of Posterior triangle
Splenius capitis Levator Scapulae Scalenus Anterior, Middle, Posterior
75
Roof of Post Triangle of Neck What are subdivision of Post Triangle?
Fascia, Platysma and Skin occipital and subclavian (supraclavicular) triangle
76
What seperate between occipital and supraclavicular triangle?
inferior belly of omohyoid
77
Contents of occipital triangle
occipital A Phrenic N cranial N (XI) sensory part of cervical plexus roots, trunks and divisions of brachial plexus suprascapular N
78
Contents of supraclavicular triangle
subclavian A & V External jugular vein Transverse cervical A
79
What does cranial N (XI) innervate? Loss to this nerve cause?
SCM and trapezius wing scapula, lost of scapula rotation and the last 60 degree of abduction)
80
What artery supply trapezius? What muscles on origin of vertebral column that this artery also supply?
transverse cervica A lateral vertebrae (scalenus muscles)
81
If you damage to your posterior triangle, what contents you can damage?
Brachial Plexus Cranial N (XI) Subclavian A
82
Border of suboccipital triangle? What does this triangle include?
occipital bone of skull and posterior parts of C1 and C2 atlanto-axial and atlanto-occipital joints
83
Contents of suboccipital triangle?
Vertebral A suboccipital N (dorsal ramus of C1)
84
Where is the vertebral A? What does this vertebral A supply?
1st branch off the subclavian suboccipital muscles and prevertebral muscles

Gross Anatomy (28 decks)

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