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ANAT 392 - Meag > THORACIC WALL & LUNGS > Flashcards

THORACIC WALL & LUNGS Flashcards

1
Q

The breast gland is a ___ gland

A

modified sweat gland - instead of producing sweat it not produces milk

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2
Q

what are the three phases of the breast gland

A

Active phase
Resting phase
Menopause phase

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3
Q

What occurs to breast tissue with age

A

most of it is replaced by fat post menopause and held together by suspensory ligaments

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4
Q

Breast is imbedded in _____

A

superficial fascia

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5
Q

What is the opening at the ends of nipples called

A

lactiferous duct

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6
Q

How many lactiferous ducts are there in a nipple

A

~16-20

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7
Q

Are the lobes of the breast releasing milk as one or independently ?

A

independently

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8
Q

What are the two major blood vessels supplying breast tissue? which other one contributes?

A

lateral mammary branches of lateral thoracic, medial mammary arteries off of the internal thoracic artery,

and lateral mammary branches of lateral cutaneous branches of posterior intercostal arteries

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9
Q

What is the route of the internal thoracic artery

A

Goes into thorax and descends behind ribs on either side of sternum

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10
Q

What are the branches of the internal thoracic artery

A

Anterior intercostals
Sternal branches
Medial mammary artery

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11
Q

What lymph nodes drain the breast tissue

A

Pectoral/anterior group and parasternal group

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12
Q

Where do the external intercostals occupy? how do they run?

A

posterior 2/3 of intercostal space

Run anteriorly and inferiorly

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13
Q

Where do the internal intercostals occupy? how do they run?

A

Anterior 2/3 of intercostal spaces

Fibres run posteriorly and inferiorly

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14
Q

Where do the innermost intercostals occupy? how do they run?

A

occupy middle 1/3

Run posteriorly and inferiorly

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15
Q

What is the function of the intercostals?

A

help in breathing during relaxed inhalation and force expiration. Ribs move up and extend

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16
Q

What is the movement of the ribs during inhalation refered to as?

A

bucket handle movement

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17
Q

What do you find in the intercostal groove? what order are they in?

A

Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve

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18
Q

The vessels of the intercostals are sandwiched between which structures?

A

The innermost and the internal intercostal muscles

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19
Q

What are the collateral branches found in the intercostal space

A

have same function of intercostals nerves and vessels but found on superior edge of rib

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20
Q

The intercostal nerves are a branch of what?

A

The spinal nerves for the corresponding thoracic spine

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21
Q

Where the intercostal muscle fibres end they are replaced by what?

A

A layer of fascia which has the same name as the muscle

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22
Q

What movement of the sternum result from contraction of the intercostal muscles and accessory respiratory muscles? Include its descriptive name

A

Pump handle movement of sternum

sternum is moving anteriorly and posteriorly

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23
Q

What type of joint is between the rib and vertebrae? between the rib and sternum?

A

synovial planar
Synovial planar
Except for joint between 1st rib and manubrium is synchondrosus

24
Q

Where does the aortic hiatus sit?

A

level of T12

25
Q

All fibres of the diaphragm insert onto…

A

the central tendon

26
Q

What is the part of the diaphragm where the aorta passes through

A

Aortic hiatus

27
Q

What are the 3 parts of the diaphragm

A

The costal part
The Lumbar part
The sternal part
The crural part

28
Q

What is the passage through the diaphragm for the vena cava called?

A

The caval hiatus

29
Q

At what spinal segment is caval hiatus located?

A

Level of T8

30
Q

At what spinal segment is the esophageal hiatus located?

A

T10

31
Q

What may occur if the crural fibres of the diaphragm do not develop?

A

Makes the person prone to esophageal or hiatal hernia.

32
Q

What is the curve in the lungs around the heart called

A

Costomediastinal recess

33
Q

What is the recess is the lateral corners of the thorax called

A

Cardiac notch or Costodiaphragmatic recess

34
Q

Apex of the lungs extends ~ ___ above the clavicle

A

1 inch

35
Q

At what rib do the inferior borders of the lungs sit?

A

Rib 6

36
Q

laterally the inferior border of the lung crosses at ___

A

rib 8

37
Q

Posteriorly the inferior border of the lung is at

A

rib 10

38
Q

In the right lung, what divides the superior and middle lobes from the inferior lobes

A

the oblique fissure

39
Q

Each lobe has ___ segments

A

10

40
Q

Are the segments functionally independent from each other? explain

A

yes, they all have their own airway, lymph and blood supply

41
Q

What is the area called where the major structures are entering and leaving lungs

A

hilum

42
Q

What divides the superior and middle lobe in the right lung

A

the horizontal fissure

43
Q

What divides the superior and inferior lobes in the left lung

A

oblique fissure

44
Q

between what is the costodiaphragmatic recess formed

A

between two layers of parietal pleura

45
Q

The serous membrane produces ___

A

serous fluid

46
Q

what is the role of serous fluid

A

lubricates the surfaces and minimizes friction

47
Q

how many layers of pleura is there?

A

2

48
Q

whta is the space between the pleura called

A

pleural cavity

49
Q

What is the role of the pleural cavity

A

to facilitate expansion of lungs

50
Q

Why is the costodiaphragmatic recess important clinically

A

because it is the lowest part of the cavity in upright position, when someone has a toxin or fluid in their lungs you can drain it from here

51
Q

What are all branches of the bronchioles together referreed to as

A

The tracheal tree or bronchiole tree

52
Q

Why is it important to understand directions of different branches of bronchioles

A

when someone needs a PT to support them in postural drainage

53
Q

Right side has ___ lobar bronchi. Each lobar bronchi gives rise to ___ segmental branches

A

3

10

54
Q

Visceral pleura are supplied by same ______ which are supplying lung tissue itself

A

autonomic nerve fibres

55
Q

Parietal pleura is sensitized by …

A

somatic sensory nerves: intercostal nerves and phrenic

56
Q

Pain of visceral pleura will present as…

A

dull unlocalized pain

57
Q

What occurs to pain when parietal layer is involved

A

the nature of the pain changes - becomes sharp highly localized pain

ANAT 392 - Meag (18 decks)

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