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ANAT 392 - Meag > ABDOMINAL VISCERA > Flashcards

ABDOMINAL VISCERA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the GI tract composed of

A

Alimentary canal and accessory organs (teeth, tongue, liver, pancreas)

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2
Q

How long is the GI tracts

A

5-7 meteres

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3
Q

How long is the esophagus

A

25cm

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4
Q

Where is the esophagus located

A

between the distal end of the larygopharynx to the stomach

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the esophagus? and the nerve supply?

A

branches from thoracic aorta

Nerve supply: CN X

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6
Q

Esophagus passes through diaphragm at ____ and ends at ____

A

T10

T11

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7
Q

What is the capacity of the stomach

A

1 L

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8
Q

Where is the stomach located

A

in the left hypochondriac and epigastric areas

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9
Q

What are the 3 main divisions of the stomach

A

Fundus
Body
Pyloric sphincter

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10
Q

The entrance and exit of the stomach are guarded by the ___ and ___ respectively

A

cardia and pylorus

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11
Q

What is the first segment of the small intestine? how long is it?

A

Duodenum

25 cm

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12
Q

The duodenum surrounds…

A

the head of the pancreas

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13
Q

What part of the duodenum receives secretions of pancreas and bile

A

The 2 part - descending

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14
Q

Where does the duodenum sit

A

right side of L1 mostly in umbilical area

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15
Q

what is the function of bile

A

to fascilitate the digestion of fat converting large droplet into smaller droplets so that enzymes can act more efficiently

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16
Q

What are the proximal 2/5 and the distal 3/5 of the SI called

A

The jejunum and ileum

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17
Q

What are the characteristics that differentiate the jejunum from the ileum

A

thicker wall
narrower lumen
fewer arteries

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18
Q

Where is chemical digestion more prominent? where is absorption of nutrients more prominent?

A

Jejunum

Ileum

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19
Q

Are the jejunum and ileum mesentary bound? this makes them ____

A

yes

mobile

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20
Q

Jejunum is normally in ____ regioni

A

umbilical

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21
Q

Ileum is normally in ___ region

A

Hypogastric

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22
Q

What are the small arteries feeding into the SI called

A

vasa recta

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23
Q

What are the 5 components of the LI

A 
cecum 
apendix 
colon 
rectum 
anal canal
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24
Q

Where is the appendix

A

attached medial to the distal end of cecum

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25
Q

Is the appendix mesentary bound

A

yes

mobile

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26
Q

What are the longitudinal smooth muscles of the colon organized into

A

3 muscular bundles (Tenia Coli)

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27
Q

What do the contractions of tenia coli lead to

A

Saclike structures known as haustra coli

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28
Q

What is the bend in the LI that is in touch with the liver called? the one in touch with spleen?

A

Hepatic flexure and splenic flexture

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29
Q

The abdominal part of the GI is supplied by 3 major branches from the abdominal aorta, what are they?

A

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

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30
Q

What does the celiac artery suupply

A 
liver 
stomach 
pancreas 
spleen 
duodenum
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31
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A 
Duodenum 
Jejunum 
Ileum 
Pancreas 
Cecum 
Appendix 
Colon
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32
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

Colon
Rectum
anal canal

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33
Q

what is the nerve supply of the GI tract

A

Pre-vertebral plexuses

34
Q

What do the prevertebral plexuses receive inputs from

A

The pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves from thorcic, lumbar, and sacral segments of sympathetic trunk
Preganglionic parasympathetic nerves from vagus and pelvic splanchnics
Afferent visceral nerves

35
Q

Pre-vertebral plexuses are ____

A

mix parasympathetic and sympathetic plexuses

36
Q

Pre-vertebral plexuses are formed where

A

in front of the abdominal aorta

37
Q

Sympathetic fibres synapse ___ where as parasympathetic fibres synapse…

A

at the level or the prevertebral plexus

AT target organ

38
Q

Where is the liver located

A

in the right hypochondriac and epigastric areas and extends into left hypochondriac area

39
Q

Wha are the 2 surfaces of the liver

A

Diaphragmatic and visceral

40
Q

What attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

A

the falciform ligament

41
Q

What is found on the inferior border of the falciform ligament

A

The round ligament

42
Q

What is the round ligament a reminant of

A

the umbilical vein

43
Q

What attaches the superior surface of the liver to the under surface of the diaphragm

A

the coronary ligaments

44
Q

What is the left lobe divided into

A

The quadrate and caudate portions

45
Q

What can you find on the visceral surface of the liver

A

Porta hepatis - where blood vessels, nerves and bile duct enter and exit

46
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do

A

drains venous blood of digestive system below diaphragm, carries a lot of unprocessed nutrients that need to be processed by liver before circulating body

47
Q

What does the bile duct to

A

carries bile from gallbladder to second part of duodenum

48
Q

What veins join to form the portal vein

A

Superior and inferior mesenteric and splenic veins

49
Q

After portal vein drains into liver, the blood from the liver is then drained by

A

IVC

50
Q

Differences in BP at the liver may lead to

A

Varicosis

51
Q

Bile is produced by ___ and then sent to _____

A

liver

gallbladder

52
Q

what occurs to bile in gallbladder

A

it is concentrated

53
Q

the bile is collected from liver by… which forms ___

A

two left and right hepatic ducts which come together to form the common hepatic duct

54
Q

The common hepatic duct then joins the ____ to make the _____

A

cystic duct

Common bile duct

55
Q

Is the pancreas endocrine or exocrine

A

mixed

56
Q

___ secretions of the pancreas are released into the 2nd part of duodenum

A

exocrine

57
Q

Via what 2 ducts do the exocrine secretions of the pancreas enter the duodenum

A

main and accessory

58
Q

Where is the spleen located

A

Left hypochondriac area

59
Q

What are the 2 extremities of the spleen? 2 main borders? 2 surfaces

A

anterior and posterior
superior and inferior
diaphragmatic and visceral

60
Q

where is the hilum of the spleen located

A

on the visceral/medial surface

61
Q

The spleen is a ____ organ

A

intra-peritoneal

62
Q

The spleen is connected to which organs by peritoneal ligaments

A

stomach and left kidney

63
Q

what does the spleen do

A

recycles RBCS

64
Q

Fractures of which ribs run the risk of puncturing spleen

A

9-11 but mostly 11

65
Q

Can you fix a hemorrhage in a spleen

A

no

66
Q

Where are kidneys located

A

on posterior abdominal wall in front of diaphragm

67
Q

Each kidney is surrounded by

A

a capsule and fat

68
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

right

69
Q

What is the right kidney related to

A

liver, duodenum, IVC

70
Q

What is the left kidney related to

A

stomach, pancreas, spleen

71
Q

What is the major function of kidney

A

to remove the toxic byproducts of metabolism from the blood stream and to conserve water, proteins, glucose, and salts

72
Q

What are the 2 major parts of the kidney

A

Cortex and medulla

73
Q

What structures are found in medulla

A

pyramidal structures (renal pyramid) (lobes)

74
Q

What separate lobes

A

extensions of cortex known as cortical columns

75
Q

What is found at the apex of each pyramid

A

papilla

76
Q

What is found at the papilla of each pyramid

A

lots of openings representing the end of the collecting ducts

77
Q

Urine is derived from papilla to …

A

vase shaped spaces known as minor calyces

78
Q

Every 2-3 calyce is received by a larger space known as

A

major calyx

79
Q

finally the major callyx is drained to…

A

renal pelvis and the to ureter

80
Q

What is the sequence of the structures in the hilum of the kidneys

A

Renal vein most anterior
Renal artery
Renal pelvis most posterior

81
Q

What is the ureter

A

a muscular tube that runs from the renal pelvis and down either side of vertebral colunm to the true pelvis

82
Q

what are the 3 narrowings of the ureter

A
  • Just after renal pelvis
  • Passing over common iliac arteries
  • Entering bladder

ANAT 392 - Meag (18 decks)

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