ARM + ELBOW Flashcards
What is the course of the cephalic vein? and at what point does it drain into axillary vein
Lateral side of arm passes through deltopectoral groove where it drains into axillary
what is the course of the basilic vein? at what point does it drain into axillary vein
Comes from medial side of plecus, at mid point of arm it goes deep and joints to two brachial veins then joins to axillary vein
The ____ connects the two superficial veins of forearm
median cubital vein
What vein is used to do bloodwork
median cubital vein
What is the network of veins on the back of the hand called
Dorsal Venus plexus
Muscles of the anterior compartment of arm are supplied by…
Musculocutaneous nerve
Muscles of posterior compartment of arm are supplied by…
radial nerve
What creates the division between the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm
extensions of deep fascia and join to humerus
Biceps Brachii
O - LH: Supraglenoid tubercle SH: Coracoid process I - Radial tuberosity A - Shoulder and elbow flexion, supination, abduction of GH NS - Musculocutaneous
Coracobrachialis
O - Coracoid process
I - midpoint of humeral shaft
A - GH flexion
NS - Musculocutaneous
Brachialis
O - Anterior shaft of humerus
I - Ulnar tuberosity
A - Elbow flexion
NS - Musculocutaneous
Triceps Brachii
O - Long: Infraglenoid tubercle Lat: lateral posterior shaft of humerus Med: Medial posterior shaft of humerus I - Olecranon process A - All: Elbow extension L: GH extension NS: All: Radial nerve when its in radial groove. Long head also receives extra from axillary
What makes the long head of triceps more important than the other
The lat has the strength to dislocate the humerus, Long H resists this
Would a fractured shaft of humerus effect the radial nerves ability to innervate triceps
No, because nerve is supplying it higher up
Radial nerve travels in ____
spiral groove
The deep brachial artery travels with which nerve
Radial nerve in through triangular space and into spiral groove
When does the brachial artery branch into the radial and ulnar nerves
after cubital fossa
The musculocutaneous nerve is sandwiched between….
biceps and brachialis
The musculocutaneous branches into the …
Lateral cutaneous nerve at lateral epicondyle
The median and ulnar nerves run in which groove
The medial bicipital groove
The median nerve carries some sympathetic fibres which target…
the brachial artery
What is the sympathetic branch of the median nerve called
brachial branch
What does the brachial branch of the median nerve do
causes vasoconstriction of the brachial artery
What pathology does the brachial branch of the median nerve contribute to
Reynaud’s - lack of blood in fingers
The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle of humerus in what groove
The ulnar groove or cubital tunnel
The radial nerve is covered by… in the upper arm
Lateral head of triceps
What is the most superficial nerve in the axillary
radial nerve
What are the 3 joints of the elbow
Humeroradial
Humeroulnar
Proximal radioulnar
What forms the humeroradial joint? what type of joint is it?
- Capitulum and fovea capitis of superior surface of head of radius
- Synovial condylar joint
What forms the humeroulnar joint? what type of joint is it?
- trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
- Synovial hinge joint
What forms the proximal radioulnar joint? what type of joint is it?
- radial notch of ulna and head of radius
- Synovial pivot joint
What are the 6 main ligaments of the elbow
- Anterior oblique ligament
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Medial collateral ligament
- Annular ligament
- Oblique cord
- Quadrate ligament
What is the annular ligament
round ligament encircling around head of radius and holding it to the radial notch of ulna
When does the annular ligament develop? what does this result in?
Until age 10 making the radius unstable and prone to dislocation up until that point
Which of the 5 main ligaments of the elbow is extrinsic?
oblique cord
Where is the quadrate ligament? what is it’s role
Running between neck of radius and proximal ulnar joint
- Adds stability to the proximal radio-ulnar joint
In extension, what occurs to medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle and olecranon (position). in flexion? What disrupts this relationship?
they made a horizontal line
They make an equilateral triangle lying in the coronal plane
Dislocation
The distal end of a humerus bulges anteriorly at an angle of…
45 degrees to the shaft
Due to the 45 degree angle of the distal end of the humerus, the trochlean lies…
in front of the axis
The trochlear notch of the ulna projects…
anteriorly and superiorly at an angle of 45 degrees to the ulnar shaft
Why are the angles of the trochlea and trochlear notch important
they allow for full range of flexion by having bony contact of the coronoid process with the humerus only when the two bones are parallel and by keeping a space between the two bones even in full flexion for muscles
which muscle group of the forearm is more powerful
the flexors
When are flexors maximally efficient
with arms above head
when are extensors maximally efficient
with arms beside trunk
What 3 branches arise from radial nerve while it is in radial groove
Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
Lower lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
