ABDOMINCAL MUSCULAR WALL AND PERITONEUM

Question 1

External oblique

Answer 1

O - lower 6 ribs
I - Iliac crest, linea alba via aponeurosis
A -Rotate torso towards contralateral side
NS - Spinal nerves T7-T12

Question 2

The _____ is the thickened part of external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 2

inguinal ligament

Question 3

The left external oblique is running the same direction as the ____

Answer 3

right internal oblique - allowing them to work together

Question 4

Internal oblique

Answer 4

O - Iliac crest and inguinal ligament
I - Lower 6 ribs, linea alba via aponeurosis
A - Trunk rotation to ipsilateral side
NS - lower 6 intercostal nerves

Question 5

Transverse abdominis

Answer 5

O - Iliac crest, lower 6 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia
I - Linea alba via aponeurosis
A - When left and right work together they increase abdominal pressure (force expiration, valsalva maneuver, child birth, pooping)
NS - lower 6 intercostal nerves

Question 6

How does the valsalva maneuver work

Answer 6

abdominal muscles push abdominal viscera posteriorly and diaphragm pushes them down - helps to supper lumbar vertebrae

Question 7

Rectus abdominis

Answer 7

O - Pubic bone close to pubic symphysis
I - Cartilage of rib 5-7 and zyphoid process
A - Flexion of trunk, if thorax is stable: posterior tilt.
NS - lower 6 intercostal nerves

Question 8

What occurs if rectus abdominis is too overpowering

Answer 8

flatten lumbar vertebrae causing back pain

Question 9

What is an inguinal hernia

Answer 9

when small intestine enter inguinal canal

Question 10

What is the entrance and exit of the inguinal canal

Answer 10

Entrance: deep inguinal ring
Exit: Superficial inguinal ring

Question 11

How long is the inguinal canal? where does it sit?

Answer 11

4-5 cm

Immediately above mid section of inguinal ligament

Question 12

What is the purpose of the inguinal canal

Answer 12

Passage for testies in embryonic stage - allows them to migrate outside of abdominal cavity - too hot in there for normal function - and into scrotum

Question 13

Where do the testees develop?

Answer 13

posterior abdominal wall posterior to kidneys

Question 14

what are the 5 main layers of abdominal wall

Answer 14

• Perioneum
• transversalis fascia
• Traversus abdominis
• Internal oblique
• External oblique

Question 15

When travelling from posterior abdominal wall to scrotum what layers do the testees pass through? do they penetrate them?

Answer 15

Transversalis fascia
Internal oblique
Aponeurosis of external oblique
no! take them with them

Question 16

What muscle because the cremaster once the testees pass through it

Answer 16

internal oblique

Question 17

Organs completely surround by peritoneum are called ______

Answer 17

intraperitoneal organs

Question 18

Organs not compltely surrounded by peritoneum are called ____

Answer 18

retroperitoneal organs

Question 19

Which organs are moveable

Answer 19

the intraperitoneal ones

Question 20

Which organs are intraperitoneal?

Answer 20

Stomach, spleen, liver, duodenum (1st and 4th segment), jejunum, ileum, transverse colon and sigmoid colon

Question 21

which organs are retroperitoneal

Answer 21

Duodenum (2nd + 3rd segment), pancreas, colon, kidneys, rectum

Question 22

What is peritoneum

Answer 22

large serous membrane lining abdominal cavity

Question 23

The peritoneum can be divided into..

Answer 23

an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer

Question 24

The parietal peritoneum a ____ innervation making it pain _____

Answer 24

somatic

pain sensitive

Question 25

The visceral peritoneum a ____ innervation making it pain _____

Answer 25

autonomic

insensitive

Question 26

The abdominal part of the foregut is suspended by

Answer 26

double layer folds of peritoneum (mesenteries) both ventrally and dorsally

Question 27

The dorsal mesentary of the foregut forms ____ hanging down from the _____

Answer 27

the greater omentum

Greater curvature of the stomach

Question 28

The part of the lesser omentum stretched between the liver and stomach is called the _____

Answer 28

hepatogastric ligament

Question 29

The part of the lesser omentum attaching the liver to the duodenum is called the ____

Answer 29

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 30

The lesser sac is continuous with the greater sac via

Answer 30

an opening called the omental foramen

Question 31

Where do you find the portal triad

Answer 31

within the free border of the lesser omentum