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ANAT 392 - Meag > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is another term for superficial muscles of the face

A

Expressional muscles

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2
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the face called expressional muscles

A

Because when we move and act they change your expression as they all have attachments on the skin and move the skin when they move

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3
Q

What are all the superficial muslces of the face innervated by

A

Cranial nerve 7 aka facial nerve

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4
Q

What are the 3 classifications of superficial face muscles

A

Orbital
Nasal
oral
based on location

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5
Q

Where is the occipitofrontalis located

A

Has two bellies one from deep forehead and one on back of skull

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6
Q

What connects the two bellies of the occipitofrontalis

A

Epicranial aponeurosis

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7
Q

What is an aponeurosis

A

a flat layer of dense connective tissue which connects two bellies

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8
Q

When is the action of the occipitofrontalis

A

raise eyebrow or put fold in skin. If both bellies are working together you can move the skin on the skull back and forth

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9
Q

Where is the nasalis muscle

A

Arises from the left and right maxilla and join in the middle making a muscular bridge

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10
Q

When is the action of the nasalis

A

flattening the norstrils and increases airflow in and out

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11
Q

Where is the orbicularis oris found

A

surround oral cavity. Forms core of upper and lower lips

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12
Q

What is the action of orbicularis oris

A

close your mouth or purse your lips

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13
Q

What does the size of your lips depend on

A

How many muscle fibers you have have in your orbicularis oris

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14
Q

What is the action of the risorius muscle

A

helps in smiling (widening the mouth)

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15
Q

Is risorius present in all humans

A

no - slowly disappearing

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16
Q

How many sets of fibers are found in orbicularis oculi muscle

A

3

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17
Q

What are the 3 different sets of fibres found in the orbicularis oculi

A
  1. Palpebral fibres
  2. Orbital fibres
  3. Lacrimal fibres
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18
Q

Where do you find the palpebral fibres

A

extend into upper and lower eyelid

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19
Q

What is the action of the palpebre fibres

A

to close you eye (as in sleep)

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20
Q

Where do you find the orbital fibres

A

They circle around the orbit

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21
Q

What is the action of the orbital fibres

A

They close the eyes but more in a squinting way

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22
Q

Where are the lacrimal fibres of the orbicularis oculi located

A

attach to the beginning of a duct know as nasal lacrimal duct

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23
Q

What occurs when you blink

A

the lacrimal fibres pull on the nasal lacrimal duct opening it and allowing drainage

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24
Q

What are 6 superficial muscles of the face

A 
Occipitofrontalis 
Nasalis 
Orbicularis oris 
Orbicular Oculi 
Risorius muscle 
Buccinator
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25
Q

What are 4 deep muscles of the face

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Medial pterygoid
  3. lateral pterygoid
  4. Temporalis
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26
Q

All deep muscles of the face are innervated by what nerve

A

Cranial nerve 5 aka trigenial nerve

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27
Q

What is another term for the deep muscles of the face

A

Muscles of mastication - because they move your mandible when chewing

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28
Q

Does the temporalis have more than 1 function? why?

A

yes, due to different fibres running different directions

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29
Q

Where is the temporalis muscle located

A

From the temporal lobe and fibres converge to insert on the coronoid process of the mandible

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30
Q

What do the anterior fibres of the temporalis do? the posterior?

A

Elevation of the mandible

Retraction of the mandible

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31
Q

Where do you find the masseter muscle

A

arises from the zygomatic arch and inserts on the lateral surface of the angle of the mandible

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32
Q

What does the masseter do?

A

lifts mandible

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33
Q

Where do you find the medial pterygoid

A

originates from the ptergoid process of the sphenoid bone and then runs inferiorly to attach to medial surface of the angle of the mandible

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34
Q

How do the muscle fibres of the medial pterygoid run?

A

obliquely

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35
Q

What does the medial pterygoid do?

A

elevates and protrude mandible can also move mandible to contralateral side

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36
Q

When you contract the left medial pterygoid, which way does the mandible move

A

right

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37
Q

Where do you find the lateral pterygoid? superior and inferior fibres

A

comes from posterior surface of maxillar on pterygoid surface fibres run forward - the superior fibres insert to a disk which sits in temporal mandibular joint. Inferior fibres attach to neck of mandible -

38
Q

What is the action of the superior fibres of the lateral pterygoid

A

pull disk forward

39
Q

What is the action of the inferior lateral pterygoid fibres, why is there role important?

A

can move mandible to contralateral side but primarily pulls mandible forward, when mouth is closed temporal mandibular joint is locked in order to unlock you must move it forward slightly preparing the joint to be open

40
Q

How many branches of the trigemial nerve are there?

41
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

A
  1. supra-orbital nerve
  2. infraorbitalnerve
  3. Mental nerve
42
Q

The highest point of the skull is called …

A

the vertex

43
Q

Where does the supra-orbital nerve supply

A

from the upper eyelids to the forehead up until the vertex

44
Q

What does the infraorbital nerve supply

A

lower eyelid to upper lip

45
Q

What does the mental nerve supply

A

skin covering the mandible

46
Q

How do all 3 trigeminal nerves exite the skull

A

by foramens of the same name

47
Q

What is special about the location of the foramen of the supra-orbital nerve, infraorbital nerve, mental nerve

A

all 3 foramen line up in a vertical line and are sitting 2 inches from midline

48
Q

What are the three division of the trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

49
Q

The opthalmic division gives you the ____ branch

A

superorbital nerve

50
Q

The maxillary division gives you the ____ branch

A

Infra-orbital branch

51
Q

The mandibular division gives you the ____ branch

A

Mental branch

52
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve carry sensory fibres

53
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve carry moto fibers for the muscles of mastication

A

only the mandibular division

54
Q

What is the Bell’s palsy

A

a peripheral nerve lesion that involves the motor branches of the cranial nerve 7 (facial nerve).

55
Q

What are the symptoms of the Bell’s palsy

A

The patient usually is unable to blink or whistle, and the corners of the eyes and mouth are not symmetric (drooping). Commonly tears and/or saliva is also dripping.

56
Q

Does Bell’s palsy effect motor or sensory fibres

57
Q

What is the cause of Bell’s palsy

A

There is a tiny opening on base of skull (stylomastoid foramen), that only the fibres of cranial nerve 7 ???? help

58
Q

What are the 2 main types of joints

A
  1. solid joints

2. synovial joints

59
Q

What are the 2 types of solid joints

A
  1. fibrous joint

2. cartilaginous joints

60
Q

what are the 4 subdivisions of synovial joints

A
  • Monoaxial
  • biaxial
  • Multiaxial
  • non-axial
61
Q

what are the types of fibrous joints

A
  • Sutures
  • Gomphosis
  • Syndesmosis
62
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints

A
  • Synchondrosis

- Symphysis

63
Q

What are solid joints

A

bones attached together by connective tissue

64
Q

What are Synovial joints

A

Have a capsule and the bones are not attached together

65
Q

What are fibrous joints

A

bones are attached together by dense connective tissue

66
Q

What are cartilaginous joints

A

bones are connected together by cartilage

67
Q

What are sutures

A

a very thin little bit of connective tissue

68
Q

Where do you find sutures

A

in the skull

69
Q

What are gomphosis joints

A

bones are attached by ligament

70
Q

What is an example of a gomphosis joint

A

root of tooth and the bones

71
Q

What is an example of syndesmosis

A

bones are held together by membrane of connective tissue

72
Q

what is an example of a syndesmosis joint

A

between ulna and radius

73
Q

What are non-axial joints

A

small synovial joint in which joints can glide together (gliding or planar joints)

74
Q

What is the name of the joint between the jaw and rest of the skull

A

Temporomandibular joint

75
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ

A

synovial condylar joint (multiaxial_

76
Q

what are the 3 articular surfaces of the TMJ

A
  1. Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
  2. Condylar process of mandible
  3. Articular tubercle of temporal bone
77
Q

What does the intra articular discs of the tmj do

A

increases the congruency of the articular surfaces and cushions them. Makes them fit better. Divides the joint cavity into two separate spaces

78
Q

What is the articular surface of the TMJ covered in

A

Fibrocartilage - not the typical hyaline cartilage

79
Q

What is the benefit of fibrocartilage

A

More resistant - stronger joint

80
Q

what is the disadvantage of the fibrocartilage

A

Can not repair itself - does not have stem cells

81
Q

Cartilage tissue is surrounded by…

A

a perichondrium

82
Q

What does the perichondrium contain ?

A

stem cells -

83
Q

Which types of cartilage contain the perichondrium

A

Elastic cartilgae and hyaline cartilage NOT fibrocartilage

84
Q

What causes the stability of a closed jaw

A

The head of the mandible is in a concave surface

85
Q

What is the normal ROM of the TMJ

A

3 knuckles between your teeth

86
Q

What are intrinsic ligaments

A

ligaments part of a capsule

87
Q

What are extrinsic ligaments

A

ligaments outside of the capsule or not part of the capsule

88
Q

The TMJ is supported laterally by ___ intrinsic ligament, the ___

A

1

LAteral temporomandibular ligament

89
Q

The TMJ is supported medially by ___ intrinsic ligament, the ___

A

2
Sphenomandibular
Stylomandibular

90
Q

To complete the range of movement the head of the mandible must be…

A

pulled forward by later pterygoid muslce

ANAT 392 - Meag (18 decks)

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