PELVIC VISCERA Flashcards
What are the pelvic viscera
Anatomical structures located below the superior pelvic aperture includes
- Rectum and anal canal
- Uterus, ovaries, and vagina
- Urinary bladder, ureter, prostate, seminal vesicles, ductus deference, and urethra
- nerve plexuses
The distal part of the rectum expands to form ___ _
rectal ampula
What causes the urge for defecation
The entrance of fecal substances into the rectal ampula
How long is the anal canal
4cm
What is the distal end of the anal canal surrounded by
2 sphincters internal and external
Where is the urinary bladder located
within true pelvis behind the pubic bones
What are the 4 surfaces of the bladder
- Superior
- Posterior
- 2 infero-lateral
What is the bladder drained by
the urethra
Where is the urethra found?
Starting at base of bladder and ending at the external opening
In females: embedded in anterior wall of vagina
In males: surrounded by prostrate and then passes through a muscular layer below pelvic diaphragm and then enter corpus spongiosum
What are the seminal vesicals
two small glands on posterior surface of bladder
What is the function of the seminal vesicals
to produce fluid which contributes to the volume of semen
What are the testees? what are they composed of?
two oval structures in the scrotum
Composed of seminiferous tubules surrounded by a thick capsule
What is the spermatic cord
the blood vessels, nerves, and vas deferences of each testee which descends with it in the embryonic period
What does the prostate do
contributes to the volume of semen
What are the ovaries attached to? by what ligaments?
the posterior surface of a ligament which is stretched between the lateral surface of the uterus and inner surface of pelvic wall called the broad ligament
Also attached to lateral wall of uterus by the ovarian ligaments
Ovaries are surrounded by ____
finger like projections called fimbria at the end of the unterine tube
What are the components of the uterus
fundus, body and neck
What is the uterus related to
urinary bladder, loops of SI , and rectum
What are the superior angles of uterus connected with
uterine tubes
What is the internal cavity of the uterus continuous with
the lumen of uterine tube and vagina
What mainly stabilized the uterus position
round ligament
What is at the ends of the uterine tubes
expanded trumpet-shaped end that ends to small fingerlike projections known as fimbriae
Medial to the infundibulum of the uterus the tube expands to form the ____ and then narrows to form the ___ _
ampulla
Isthmus
Where are ovulated eggs fertilized
in the ampulla
What stimulates the movement of the fimbria
the high levels of estrogen at the time of ovulation
What occurs if estrogen levels are too low
no movement of fimbria - infertile
What does the internal/proximal end of the vagina surround
the uterine cervix
What forms the fornix (vaginal)
the proximal end of the vagina surrounding the uterine cervix
The vaginal canal is normally _____
collapsed
What is the peritoneum
a serous membrane that covers either partially or completely the abdomincal and pelvic viscera
What are organs that are completely surrounded by peritoneum called… they are attached to?
intra-peritoneal
Posterior abdominal/pelvic wall
What is the peritoneum of the small intesting called?
mesentery
What is the peritoneum of the transverse and sigmoid colon called
mesocolon
What is the peritoneum of the uterus and uterine tube called
broad ligament
what are organs which are only covered anteriorly by peritoneum called ? are they fixed or mobile
retro-peritoneum
Fixed to the posterior abdominal wall
