Joints of the Shoulder Flashcards
What are the 4 joints of the shoulder
- Glenohumeral joint
- Acromio-Clavicular joint
- Sterno-Clavicular joint
- Scapulo-thoracic joint
What type of cartilage are the 2 articular surfaces of the GH joint
Hyaline
The head of the humerus is _____ than the glenoid cavity
3x larger
What is the angle of the head of the humerus to the shaft
135 in men
125 in women and children
What does the angle of the head of the humerus determine? what occurs if the angle is less than normal
range of some movements
GT sits higher and hits acromion prematurely limiting ROM
What is the labrum of the GH joint made of
fibrocartilage -
is repair of the labrum easy?
no - fibrocartilage
where is the hyaline cartilage covering the joint cavity the thinness?
in center where a bony elevation is located
What is the bony prominence in the middle of the glenoid fossa susceptible to?
OA because hyaline is thinner here than other parts
How do you test of OA in the GH joint
do abduction to 90 degrees, if painful = early signs of OA
is tendon of biceps intra or extra capsular?
intra
Where does the coraco-humeral ligament run? How many bands does it have? Extrinsic or intrinsic?
GT to Coracoid process
2 bands - anterior and posterior
Extrinsic
What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament? What is it an extension of? Extrinsic or intrinsic?
Hold the long head of the biceps in the bony groove
Extension of subscapularis
Extrinsic
What are 2 causes of biceps tenosynovitis
- Chronic contraction of spasms of subscapularis lead to compression of tendon of long head of biceps
- Paralysis of subscapularis results in ligament being too loose, and tendon snaps in and out
How do you test for biceps tenosynovitis
with palms up and elbows at 90 degrees, rotate arsm from full pronation the fo into full supination - if painful positive test
What are the bands of the gleno-humeral ligament
Middle
Superior
Inferior
What are 3 bursae found in the shoulder joint
- Subacromial bursa
- Subdeltoid bursa
- Subscapular bursa
The bursae could fuse with…
the synovial membrane of the joint
What must occur in order to perform adduction at the shoulder
must have a little extension or flexion
What is the ROM for shoulder abduction?
180
What is the ROM for shoulder flexion
180
What is the ROM for shoulder extension
50
What is the ROM for shoulder adduction
30
What is the ROM for shoulder horizontal adduction
140
What is the ROM for shoulder horizontal abduction
30
What is the ROM for shoulder lateral rotation and medial rotation
lat - 80
med - 95
The Coracoid humeral ligament is stretched by what movement
extension
the GH ligaments are stretched by what movement
Lateral rotation
what type of joint is the acromio-clavicular
synovial planar joint
What is the purpose of the coracoacromial ligament
NOT supporting but rather provide protection to the structures running underneath it
What are the two bands of the coraco-clavicular ligament
Conoid and Trapezoid
The sternoclavicular joint has 3 _____ligaments, what are they?
3 intrinsic ligaments
Anterior, posterior, and inferior sternoclavicular ligaments
The intra articular disc is made up of ____, why?
Fibrocartilage
Because it is the only cynoical joint connecting upper limb to torso, so it gets the cusion of fibrocartilage
What are the extrinsic ligaments of the sterno-clavicular joint
Inter-clavicular ligament
Costaclavicular ligament
What movements take place at the sternoclavicular joint
Elevation and depression
Protraction and retraction
Axial rotation of clavicle
when does axial rotation of the clavicle occur
when you are passing 90 degrees of flexion
What muscle is responsible for axial rotation of the clavicle
subclavius
Where does the costoclavicular ligament run?
Between 1st rib and clavicle
is the scapulo-thoracic joint an anatomical joint? why is it classified the way it is
no - doesnt have structure
but it moves like a joint and is part of the shoulder complex
at which rib do you find the following landmarks:
Superior angle of scap
Root of scap
Infe angle of scap
Rib 2
Rib 3
Rib 7
Which ribs contribute to the scapulo-thoracic joint
ribs 2-7
When does the upward rotation of scapula start
after 90 degrees of abduction or flexion
When the greater tubercle hits the acromion might not be fully true
What is the Abduction of GH to upward rotation of scapula ratio? What is this referred to as
2:1 degrees
Scapulo thoracic rhythm
Dislocation of the shoulder complex occurs in which drections
anterior posterior
Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint is referred to as….
shoulder separation
