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ANAT 392 - Meag > Head and Neck 2.0 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

The neck can be subdivided into ___ regions

A

4

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2
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of the neck

A

Anterior subdivision (triangle), sterno cleido mastoid, lateral (posterior triangle), posterior subdivision

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3
Q

What is the border of the neck

A

from midline at chin (midline angle of mandible) to mastoid process to occipital protuberance and same on other side

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4
Q

What is the border between the neck and torso

A

Jugular notch move laterally following your clavicle to you acromion the travel to spinous process of C7 and same on other side

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5
Q

What divides your neck into anterior and lateral regions

A

the SCM

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6
Q

How many triangles exist on each side of the neck

A

2 Posterior and anterior

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7
Q

How many regions exist on each side of the neck

A

3 anterior lateral posterior

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8
Q

Where is the posterior region

A

back of the neck between the two anterior borders of the trapezius muscle

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9
Q

Where is the anterior triangle

A

from midline to mastoid process to the anterior border of the scm

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10
Q

Where does the posterior triangle go

A

posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trapezius, middle third of clavicle

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11
Q

What does the anterior triangle contain

A

infra-hyoid and supra-hyoid muscles, major blood vessels, and cervical viscera - (thyroid, trachea, and pharynx)

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12
Q

What is found in the posterior triangle (lateral region)

A

roots and trunks of the brachial plexus + scalene muscles

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13
Q

What does the posterior region contain

A

trapezius, splenius capitis & cervicis and levator scapula

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14
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the neck

A

Platisma

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15
Q

What is the platisma origin? insertion? Nerve?

A

delto-pectoral fascia
Inferior border of mandible and fascia of the lower face
Cranial nerve 7

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16
Q

What is the action of platisma

A

helps in depressing the mandible and shaving muscle

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17
Q

Where are the two heads of the SCM

A

manubrium and medial 1/3 of clavicle

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18
Q

Where does the SCM insert

A

Mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

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19
Q

What is the innervation and function of the SCM

A 
CN XI (spinal accessory) plus C2-C3 
Function - Rotates the head contra-laterally and extends the neck. Bilateral contraction flexes the neck
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20
Q

What nerves are found in the lateral cervical region

A

cutaneous branches of cervical plexus, greater auricular, lesser occipital, transverse cervical, supraclavicular, cranial nerve XI

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21
Q

What nerve supplies skin on the back of the head

A

lesser occipital

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22
Q

What nerve supplies skin around ear

A

Greater auricular

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23
Q

What is the most important sensory branch of cervical plexus and supplies almost entire skin of the anterior triangle of neck

A

Transverse cervical

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24
Q

What nerve supplies the skin around the clavicle

A

Supraclavicular nerve

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25
Q

What is the highest muscle of the posterior triangle

A

Splenius Capitis

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26
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the levator scapula

A

O- transverse processes of the atlas and axis
I - uperior angle and medial border of the scapula
A - elevates the scapula and downward rotation

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27
Q

What do you find sandwiched between the middle and anterior scalene

A

nerves which are part of the brachial plexus

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28
Q

What do you find immediately anterior of the anterior scalene

A

Phrenic nerve

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29
Q

What does the phrenic nerve innervate

A

The diaphragm

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30
Q

What arteries are found in the lateral cervical region

A

Cervicodorsal
Supra-scapular

Arising from the thyro-cervical trunk which is a branch of the subclavian artery

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31
Q

Where do the cervicodorsal and supra-scapular arteries arise from

A

Thyrocervical trunk which is a branch of the sub-clavian artery

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32
Q

What veins do you find in the lateral cervical region

A

external jugular vein
Subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein

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33
Q

The external jugular vein joins the ____ just before ____

A

sub-clavian vein just before internal jugular vein

34
Q

Where does the subclavian artery pass

A

behind the anterior scalene and ends at the lateral border of rib 1

35
Q

What occurs to the subclavian artery after it pass the lateral border of rib 1

A

becomes the axillary artery

36
Q

Where does the sub-clavian vein sit?

A

in front of anterior scalene

37
Q

What branches off the thyrocervical trunk

A

Cervicodorsal artery and transverse cervical artery

38
Q

What does the transverse cervical artery supply

A

mostly trapezius

39
Q

What does the supra-scapular artery supply

A

all muscles in back of scapula

40
Q

Where does the external jugular run

A

immediately deep to skin parallel to SCM

41
Q

What is the main vein of the head and neck regions

A

Internal jugular

42
Q

Where does the internal jugular run

A

deep to SCM

43
Q

The subclavian vein joins to the …

A

internal jugular vein

44
Q

The suprahyoid muscles are one of the subdivisions of the _____

A

anterior triangle

45
Q

What is the major function of the suprahyoid muscles

A

to elevate the hyoid bone or depress (open) the mandible

46
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A
  1. Stylo-hyoid
  2. Mylo-hyoid
  3. Genio-hyoid
  4. Digasteric
47
Q

What is the function of the stylohyoid? nerve supply? O and I?

A

elevates your hyoid - too small to do anything with head. cranial nerve 7
O - Styloid process of temporal bone
I - Hyoid

48
Q

Which supra-hyoid muscle has two bellies

A

Digasteric

49
Q

What is the O and I of the Digasteric muscle, action, nerve supple?

A

O - Mastoid process
I - Mandible near midline
A - when two bellies contract together lifts hyoid and opens jaw
N - Posterior belly is CN 7 and anterior belly is CN 5

50
Q

What is the O and I of the Mylo hyoid, action, nerve supply?

A

O - Mandible
I - Hyoid bone - majority of fibres join with the other side to create sort of diaphragm
A - Elevate hyoid and depress mandible
NS - CN 5

51
Q

What is the O, I, action, and NS of the Geniohyoid muscle?

A

O - Genio tubercle
I - hyoid
A - Depress Mandible and elevate hyoid bone
NS - C1

52
Q

The infrahyoid muscles are a group of ___ muscles that are attached to….

A

strap

Sternum, thyroid cartilage, and hyoid bone

53
Q

What is the general function of the infrahyoid bones

A

the pull down and stabilize the hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage to anchor the hyoid bone for the supra hyoid muscles

54
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles

A
  1. Sterno-hyoid
  2. Omo-hyoid
  3. Sterno-thyroid
  4. Thyro-hyoid
55
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial layer of the infrahyoid muscles? deep layer?

A

Super - Sterno-hyoid and Omo-hyoid

Deep - Sterno-hyoid and thyro-hyoid

56
Q

Which infrahyoid bone has two bellies

57
Q

What action do the sterno-thyroid and thyro-hyoid do together?

A

Move thyroid cartilage up and down and depress the hyoid

58
Q

All infra-hyoid muscles are innervated by…

A

C1, C2, C3 branches of the surgical plexus

59
Q

What are 3 deep muscles of the neck

A

Longus coli
Longus Capitis
Scalene muscles

60
Q

What is the O, I, fun, and NS of longus coli

A

O - Upper thoracic vertebrae and lower cervical vertebrae
I - Upper cervical vertebrae and mid cervical vertebrae
Fun - Neck flexion and stabilization
N - C2-C6 ventral rami

61
Q

What is the O, I, Fun, and NS of longus capitis

A

O - Middle cervical vertebrae
I - occipital bone
Fun - Head flexion
NS - C1-C3 ventral rami

62
Q

The longus coli has ___ sets of fibres

63
Q

What is the O, I, Fun, Reverse action, and NS of Scalene

A

O - Transverse process of cervical vertebra
I - Ant + Mid on 1st rib, Post on 2nd rib
Fun - raise of lift first two ribs, helps with forceful or deep inhalation
Reverse Action - Lateral flexion of the neck
NS - C2-C8 ventral rami

64
Q

What causes COPD

A

People rely on accessory muscles to breath in - after a few months these muscles spasms and cause the patients to have forward head posture

65
Q

What are some of the effects of COPD

A

Head forward posture, posture causes cervical pain and moves first two ribs up and squishes everything above this

66
Q

If someone with COPD came to a PT what would be the role of the PT

A

To release the accessory muscles and correct posture

67
Q

From where does the common carotid artery arise from?

A

Right comes from brachiocephalic

L from arch of aorta

68
Q

The internal carotid artery supplies ____ and the external carotid artery supplies ____

A

CNS

Face and parts of neck

69
Q

What are the 3 most important branches for the external carotid artery

A

Facial
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

70
Q

Where does the facial artery run and supply?

A

Wraps around the inferior border of mandible to enter the face and supply the superficial part of the face

71
Q

Where does the maxillary artery run and supply?

A

Through the infratemporal fossa and supplies the deep part of the face (cavities)

72
Q

Where does the superficial temporal artery run and supply?

A

Passes in front of the auricle to supply major parts of the scalp

73
Q

at what point does the common carotid artery split

74
Q

The ____ drain the venous blood of the CNS

A

Internal Jugular vein

75
Q

What else does the internal jugular vein drain

A

Scalp, deep parts of the face, as well as blood of the CNS

76
Q

What veins carry blood from the superficial part of the face and neck

A

Anterior and external jugular veins

77
Q

What does the subclavian vein sdo

A

drain blood from upper extremity

78
Q

The subclavian vein joins the subclavian vein of the same side to form the …

A

Brachiocephalic veins

79
Q

The brachiocephalic veins join to form

A

superior vena cava

80
Q

The superior vena cava drains into the

A

right cardiac atrium

ANAT 392 - Meag (18 decks)

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