Thoracic Limb Locomotion Flashcards
Mammae on a dog
Varies from 8-12
Thoracic (2 pairs)
Abdominal (2 pairs)
Inguinal (1 pair)
Which mammae do pups nurse from?
The caudal six mammae because they have the best secretion
Which pairs of mammae are frequently involved in tumors and mastitis?
The caudal 3 pairs
What tissue masses are palpable from the skin surface?
Infiltrate lipoma
Lumpectomy
Removal of a mass or part of a mamma
Simple Mastectomy
Excision of an entire gland
Regional Mastectomy
Life threatening
An excision of the involved adjacent glands
Venipuncture
Withdrawing blood or injection
What are the important sites for venipuncture
Cephalic vein (inject anesthesia)
Extra jugular veins
Where should you NEVER take blood?
Arteries
Extrinsic muscles
At least one attachment is external (axial skeleton)
Slings the body between the forelimbs
Joins the forelimb to the trunk forming syncarcosis
Stabilize the scapula
Intrinsic muscles
Both attachments are internal to limb bones
Retraction
Bring back
Beginning of stride
All joints flexed
Protraction
Bring forward
All joints extended
End of stride
Where is the superficial servical lymph node located?
Medial to the omotransversarius
What happens when the Axillary L. node is enlarged?
The limb is protracted (brought forward)
Superficial layer of the thoracic limb
Trapezius
Omotransversarius
Brachiocephalicus
Deep pectoral
Superficial pectoral
Latissimus dorsi
Deep Layer of Thoracic Limb
Rhomboideus
Serratus Ventralis
Deep Pectoral
What is occasionally torn within the thoracic limb?
Serratus ventralis on the scapula is torn by injury
What are the lateral group of intrinsic muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Clinical significance of the infraspinatus
Tendon and bursa is a “seat of painful inflammation”
The belly is suitable for I/M injection
What muscle is considered the synergist of the shoulder joint?
Infraspinatus
it helps extend and flex
What are the medial group of intrinsic muscles?
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
A: stabilize the joint/ support
What are the caudal muscles of the intrinsic muscles?
Deltoideus
Teres major
Teres minor
A: flexors
What is the primary flexor of the caudal group of the shoulder joint?
Deltoideus
What is the strongest flexor of the shoulder?
Latissimus Dorsi
Shoulder Joint puncture
Arthrocentesis : Pass the needle midway between acromiom and greater tubercle through the deltoideus
What is the tendon of biceps brachii covered by?
Transverse humeral retinaculum
Intertubercular Bursa
Joint capsule that envelops the tendon of the biceps brachii
What is the luxation of the shoulder joint rare?
No clavicle connection with the trunk
entire joint “rides” with the blow
Supporting tendons
Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
Erosion of the articular cartilage of head of the humerus
Common with giant, rapidly growing breeds of dogs
Diagnosis of OCD
Later radiograph of shoulder region
#13 slough off cartilage
When extending the shoulder, dog in pain
Fractures of the ______ are very common
Humerus
What do you use to repair fracture of the shaft?
Intramedullary pin, it’s driven to immobilize fracture of the body
Extensor group of the muscles acting on the elbow
Triceps brachii
Tensor fascia antebrachii
Anconeus
What is the agonist of the muscles acting on the elbow?
Triceps brachii
What important structures are on the triceps brachii?
Tricipital bursa (between the tendon and bone)
Subcutaneous bursa (most painful, under the skin)
Flexor group of the muscles acting on the elbow joint
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
What important structures are of the biceps brachii?
Transverse humoral retinaculum
Intertubercular Bursa
Brachialis is the ______ of the biceps brachii
Synergist
Brachialis is the ______ of the triceps brachii
Antagonist
How is the elbow joint punctured?
Cranial to the lateral collateral ligament
Needle is directed distally and caudomedially
Diagnosis of degenerative joint disease
Decreased ranged of flexion motion
What is DJD measured with?
Goniometer (put on humerus and radial/ ulna)
Surgical approach to elbow joint
Incision through the skin, s/c tissue over caudal proximal ulna
Elevate the flexor carpi ulnaris and DDF medially and ulnari lateralis laterally to expose the bone
What do the extensors acting on the carpal and digital joint have in common?
Extensor action on the carpus joint
Craniolateral position on the forearm
Origin from lateral epicondyle of humerus
Supplied by the same nerve
What are the extensor muscles acting on the carpal and digital joints?
Extendsor carpi radialis
ulnaris lateralis
Abductor pollicis longus
Common digital extensor
Lateral digital extensor
What are the flexor muscles acting on the carpal and digital joints?
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Superficial digital flexor
Deep digital flexor
What do the flexors acting on the carpal and digital joint have in common?
Flexor action on the carpus joint
Caudal position on forearm
Origin from medial epicondyle of humerus
Supplied by the same nerve `
What fractures are the MOST common on the thoracic limb?
Fractures of the radius
Surgical exposure of the radial diaphysis….
is by retracting the extensor carpi radialis laterally
Declawing
Onychectomy
Removal of the 3rd “distal” phalanx
What is the agonist for the extension of the elbow
Triceps Brachii
How many mammary glands are in a queen?
8
