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Veterinary Anatomy > Thoracic Limb Locomotion > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

Mammae on a dog

A

Varies from 8-12
Thoracic (2 pairs)
Abdominal (2 pairs)
Inguinal (1 pair)

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2
Q

Which mammae do pups nurse from?

A

The caudal six mammae because they have the best secretion

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3
Q

Which pairs of mammae are frequently involved in tumors and mastitis?

A

The caudal 3 pairs

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4
Q

What tissue masses are palpable from the skin surface?

A

Infiltrate lipoma

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5
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Removal of a mass or part of a mamma

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6
Q

Simple Mastectomy

A

Excision of an entire gland

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7
Q

Regional Mastectomy

A

Life threatening
An excision of the involved adjacent glands

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8
Q

Venipuncture

A

Withdrawing blood or injection

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9
Q

What are the important sites for venipuncture

A

Cephalic vein (inject anesthesia)
Extra jugular veins

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10
Q

Where should you NEVER take blood?

A

Arteries

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11
Q

Extrinsic muscles

A

At least one attachment is external (axial skeleton)
Slings the body between the forelimbs
Joins the forelimb to the trunk forming syncarcosis
Stabilize the scapula

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12
Q

Intrinsic muscles

A

Both attachments are internal to limb bones

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13
Q

Retraction

A

Bring back
Beginning of stride
All joints flexed

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14
Q

Protraction

A

Bring forward
All joints extended
End of stride

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15
Q

Where is the superficial servical lymph node located?

A

Medial to the omotransversarius

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16
Q

What happens when the Axillary L. node is enlarged?

A

The limb is protracted (brought forward)

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17
Q

Superficial layer of the thoracic limb

A

Trapezius
Omotransversarius
Brachiocephalicus
Deep pectoral
Superficial pectoral
Latissimus dorsi

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18
Q

Deep Layer of Thoracic Limb

A

Rhomboideus
Serratus Ventralis
Deep Pectoral

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19
Q

What is occasionally torn within the thoracic limb?

A

Serratus ventralis on the scapula is torn by injury

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20
Q

What are the lateral group of intrinsic muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

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21
Q

Clinical significance of the infraspinatus

A

Tendon and bursa is a “seat of painful inflammation”
The belly is suitable for I/M injection

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22
Q

What muscle is considered the synergist of the shoulder joint?

A

Infraspinatus
it helps extend and flex

23
Q

What are the medial group of intrinsic muscles?

A

Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
A: stabilize the joint/ support

24
Q

What are the caudal muscles of the intrinsic muscles?

A

Deltoideus
Teres major
Teres minor
A: flexors

25
Q

What is the primary flexor of the caudal group of the shoulder joint?

A

Deltoideus

26
Q

What is the strongest flexor of the shoulder?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

27
Q

Shoulder Joint puncture

A

Arthrocentesis : Pass the needle midway between acromiom and greater tubercle through the deltoideus

28
Q

What is the tendon of biceps brachii covered by?

A

Transverse humeral retinaculum

29
Q

Intertubercular Bursa

A

Joint capsule that envelops the tendon of the biceps brachii

30
Q

What is the luxation of the shoulder joint rare?

A

No clavicle connection with the trunk
entire joint “rides” with the blow
Supporting tendons

31
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)

A

Erosion of the articular cartilage of head of the humerus
Common with giant, rapidly growing breeds of dogs

32
Q

Diagnosis of OCD

A

Later radiograph of shoulder region
#13 slough off cartilage
When extending the shoulder, dog in pain

33
Q

Fractures of the ______ are very common

A

Humerus

34
Q

What do you use to repair fracture of the shaft?

A

Intramedullary pin, it’s driven to immobilize fracture of the body

35
Q

Extensor group of the muscles acting on the elbow

A

Triceps brachii
Tensor fascia antebrachii
Anconeus

36
Q

What is the agonist of the muscles acting on the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii

37
Q

What important structures are on the triceps brachii?

A

Tricipital bursa (between the tendon and bone)
Subcutaneous bursa (most painful, under the skin)

38
Q

Flexor group of the muscles acting on the elbow joint

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis

39
Q

What important structures are of the biceps brachii?

A

Transverse humoral retinaculum
Intertubercular Bursa

40
Q

Brachialis is the ______ of the biceps brachii

A

Synergist

41
Q

Brachialis is the ______ of the triceps brachii

A

Antagonist

42
Q

How is the elbow joint punctured?

A

Cranial to the lateral collateral ligament
Needle is directed distally and caudomedially

43
Q

Diagnosis of degenerative joint disease

A

Decreased ranged of flexion motion

44
Q

What is DJD measured with?

A

Goniometer (put on humerus and radial/ ulna)

45
Q

Surgical approach to elbow joint

A

Incision through the skin, s/c tissue over caudal proximal ulna
Elevate the flexor carpi ulnaris and DDF medially and ulnari lateralis laterally to expose the bone

46
Q

What do the extensors acting on the carpal and digital joint have in common?

A

Extensor action on the carpus joint
Craniolateral position on the forearm
Origin from lateral epicondyle of humerus
Supplied by the same nerve

47
Q

What are the extensor muscles acting on the carpal and digital joints?

A

Extendsor carpi radialis
ulnaris lateralis
Abductor pollicis longus
Common digital extensor
Lateral digital extensor

48
Q

What are the flexor muscles acting on the carpal and digital joints?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Superficial digital flexor
Deep digital flexor

49
Q

What do the flexors acting on the carpal and digital joint have in common?

A

Flexor action on the carpus joint
Caudal position on forearm
Origin from medial epicondyle of humerus
Supplied by the same nerve `

50
Q

What fractures are the MOST common on the thoracic limb?

A

Fractures of the radius

51
Q

Surgical exposure of the radial diaphysis….

A

is by retracting the extensor carpi radialis laterally

52
Q

Declawing

A

Onychectomy
Removal of the 3rd “distal” phalanx

53
Q

What is the agonist for the extension of the elbow

A

Triceps Brachii

54
Q

How many mammary glands are in a queen?

A

8

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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