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Veterinary Anatomy > Female Genitalia > Flashcards

Female Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the genital tract?

A

Ovary (primary)
Uterus (secondary)
Vagina
Vestibule
External genitalia (vulva, clitorus)

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2
Q

Ovary

A

Primary reproduction organ of a bitch and queen
Site for production, maturation and release of ova (eggs) and chief female hormones

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3
Q

What are the chief female hormones?

A

Estrogen and progestrerone

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4
Q

Location of the ovary

A

Right ovary is caudal to the left ovary
Sublumbar region
Suspended in abdominal wall by serosa (membrane)

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5
Q

What are the ligaments of the ovary

A

Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Importance in Ovariohysterectomy

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6
Q

Ovarian bursa

A

Space between the mesovarium and mesosalpinx

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7
Q

What is the clinical significance of the ovarian bursa?

A

Abdominal ostium (opening) in mesosalpinx has the potential to causes ectopic pregnancy

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8
Q

How is the ovary divided?

A

Inner medulla and the outer cortex

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9
Q

What is the capsule of the ovary?

A

Tunica albuginea ovary

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10
Q

What is the ovary covered by?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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11
Q

What structures make up the uterus?

A

Uterine tube (oviduct- vet, fallopian tube/ salpinx- human)
Uterine horns
Uterine body
Uterine neck (cervix)

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12
Q

What is the clinical significance of the uterus?

A

Pyometra (infection of the uterus)
Open or closed, fixed with surgery

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13
Q

Uterine tube/ oviduct function

A

Receives the recently released oocyte from the ovary
Site where sperm and egg meet for fertilization

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14
Q

How does the sperm reach the uterine tube?

A

Myometral contraction

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15
Q

How does the uterine tube begin?

A

As a dilatation (infundibulum) with tiny:
Fimbriae (collection of smooth muscles)
Abdominal Ostium

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16
Q

What is the clinical significance of the infundibulum (uterine tube)

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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17
Q

What are the structures of the uterine tube/ oviduct?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterotubal junction

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18
Q

Uterotubal junction

A

Papilla (real barrier)
Used for impeding ascend of sperm and descend of ova

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19
Q

Clinical significance of the uterotubal junction

A

Selective passage into the isthmus that sorts healthy from defective sperm

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20
Q

Ampulla

A

Site of fertilization

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21
Q

Isthmus

A

Conveys the embryo (zygotes) to the uterus

22
Q

How is the uterine horn of the bitch and queen?

A

Bicorunate
“Y-shaped” due to long horns and short body

23
Q

Where does the uterine tube terminate?

A

In the uterine horn and it delivers the fertilized egg (zygote) for implantation

24
Q

Gross placentation in bitch and queen is ____________

A

Zonary

25
Q

Uterine body

A

Short and insignificant (other than during a spay)

26
Q

Cervix

A

Short rigid neck of the uterus (~1-2 cm)

27
Q

What are the structures of the cervix?

A

Internal uterine ostium
Cervical Canal (mucus plug)
External uterine ostium (external os)
Importance in ovariohysterectomy

28
Q

Vagina

A

Birth canal
Copulatory receptacle

29
Q

How is the vagina collapsed?

A

By negative pressure leaving rugae and potentia lumen

30
Q

Fornix Vaginae

A

When the cervix protrudes into cranial vagina forming a blind end

31
Q

Location of the vagina

A

Cd: Continuous with its vestibule at the urethral tubercle

32
Q

What does the urethral tubercle house?

A

External urethral orifice

33
Q

Hymen

A

Incomplete parturition between the vagina and its vestibule-
Poorly represented in small animals

34
Q

Vestibule slope

A

Slopes caudoventrally at 45-50 degrees

35
Q

Vestibular bulbs

A

A pair of spherical erectile tissue masses
Surrounded by constrictor vestibuli m. (coital tie)

36
Q

Which species have minor vestibular glands?

A

Posessed by bitches and queens

37
Q

Which species have major vestibular glands?

A

Only queens (big ~ 0.25 in)

38
Q

What is the function of the vestibular glands?

A

Provide lubrication during coitus and whelping or queening
Produce pheromones

39
Q

Vulva

A

Simple pair of labia meeting at dorsal and ventral commissures

40
Q

Structures of the clitorus

A

Crus
Body/ glans
Corpus cavernosum cliterus
Prepuce
Fossa

41
Q

Ligaments of the Genital tract

A

Broad Ligament
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Mesomentrium
Round ligament of the uterus

42
Q

What does the broad ligament do?

A

Suspends ovary, uterine tube and uterus

43
Q

Mesometrium clin sig

A

Ovariohysterectomy

44
Q

Round ligament of the uterus

A

Remnants of the gubernaculum testis

45
Q

Where is the ovarian bursa small?

A

In mares, but big in other species

46
Q

What does the ovarian artery branch off of and supply?

A

Aorta
Ovary and uterine branch

47
Q

What does the vaginal artery supply?

A

Urterine artery –> cervix and uterus

48
Q

What does the pudendal artery give rise to?

A

Vaginal a.
A. of the vestibular bulb
A. of the clitoris

49
Q

What does the pelvic and hypogastric nerve innervate?

A

Uterus and ovary
Parasympathetic innervation

50
Q

What does the pudendal nerve innervate?

A

Striated muscle
Caudal vagina, vulva and clitoris

51
Q

Clinical consideration of the female genital tract

A

Nuetering “spay”
Ovariohysterectomy
Pyometra

52
Q

What structures are ligated and incised during a ovariohysterectomy?

A

Suspensory ligament
Ovarian artery
Uterine artery
Uterine body

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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