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Veterinary Anatomy > Male Genetalia > Flashcards

Male Genetalia Flashcards

1
Q

Secondary sex organs of the male reproductive tract

A

Paired duct system
Accessory sex glands
Penis
Skin adaptations (scrotum and prepuce)

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2
Q

Testis

A

Primary reporductive organ
Primary site of sperm production

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3
Q

What structures are within the paired duct system?

A

Epididymis
Deferent ducts
Urethra (pelvic, penile)

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4
Q

Scrotum position

A

Dog: horizontal with cr. pole cranially
Tom: vertical with cr. pole ventrally

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5
Q

Scrotum

A

Skin: thin and hairless for heat dissipation
Tunica dartos: smooth muscle with elastic tissue and collagenous fibers
Epididymus

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6
Q

During cold & _______, _______ wrinkles

A
  1. Sexual arousal
  2. Tunica dartos
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7
Q

Scrotum temperature

A

At about 4-5 degrees Fahrenheit below core body temperature
Hormonal function is NOT affected by temperature

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8
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

All cellular stages involved in the production of sperm (mitosis and meiosis)
Spermatogonia to sperm

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9
Q

What is the clinical significance of gubernaculum regression?

A

Cryptorchidism, if not removed could turn into a tumor

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10
Q

What are the borders of the deep inguinal ring?

A

Medial: Rectus abdominus
Caudolateral: Inguinal ligament
Craniolateral: Internal abdominal oblique

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11
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

Cooling of blood by absorption of heat from vein
Absorption of pulsation (systolic-diastolic) pressure in artery

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12
Q

Coverings of the testis

A
  1. Tunica albuginea testis: covers the immediate surface of the testicle (DRCT)
  2. Visceral Vaginal Tunic (mesothelium)
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13
Q

How is the tail of the epididymus attached to the cd. pole of the testicle?

A

By the proper ligament of the testicle

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14
Q

How is the epididymus attached to the parietal vaginal tunic?

A

Via the ligament of the tail of the epididymus

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15
Q

What are the proper ligament of the testicle and ligament of the tail of the epididymus?

A

Remnants of the fetal gubernaculum testis

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16
Q

How is the vaginal tunic attached to the skin?

A

Scrotal ligament

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17
Q

Seminiferous tubule

A

Rete testis
Efferent ducts

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18
Q

Epididymus

A

Head, body and tail
Long coiled tube, interconnecting testicle with ductus deferens
Site of final maturation and storage of sperm

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19
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

Testicular vessels, nerves and lymphatics
Ductus deferens
Vaginal tunic (serous membrane wrapped around)

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20
Q

Where does the r. testicular vein drain?

A

Directly into the cd. vena cava

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21
Q

Left testicular vein

A

Drains into the l. renal vein
Ruptured by pulling too hard during neuter, causes internal bleeding and hemoabdomen

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22
Q

Testicular lympahtic drainage

A

Testicle drains directly into the medial iliac lymph node

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23
Q

Testicular thermoregulation

A

Structures involved are the cremaster muscle (skeletal), tunica dartos m. (smooth) and the pampiniform plexus

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24
Q

Penis

A

Primary copulatory organ
Urethra for ejection of urine and semen
Prepuce

25
Q

What is the structure of the penis?

A

Root, body and glans penis (bulbus glandis, pars longa glandis)
Corpus cavernosum penis (erectile tissue)
Tunica albuginea penis

26
Q

Tunica Albuginea penis

A

Tough CT allowing for increased length and diameter of the penis during erection

27
Q

Copus Cavernosum Penis (CCP)

A

Cd. end splits into 2 crura
Anchored to an ischial tuberosity

28
Q

What is the CCP surrounded by?

A

A pair of ischiocavernosis muscles (contraction compresses “stiffen” the penis)

29
Q

CCP ossification

A

The distal 3-4 inches of the CCP is ossified in the dog to form the baculum (os penis)
Tom has a poorly developed baculum (~1/4 inch)

30
Q

Other than the CCP what erectile tissue doe the penis have?

A

Corpus spongiosum penis
Corpus spongiosum glandis (bulbus glandis, pars longa glandis)

31
Q

Corpus spongiosum penis (CSP)

A

Begins as a pair of bulbous enlargements to either side of the urethra just below the anus
Penile urethra
Covered with bulbospongiosus m.

32
Q

How does the CSP extend?

A

Distally as a single tube of erectile tissue completely surrounding the penile urethra

33
Q

Bulbus glandis

A

Proximal ring-like
Expansion of CSP(venous sinuses and elastic tissue)
Surround os penis

34
Q

How is the bulbus glandis separated from the pars longa glandis?

A

By CT septum

35
Q

Pars longa glandis

A

Distal elongated part of the penis
Forms the apex of the penis

36
Q

Coital Tie

A

Male dog dismounts, turns around, lifting one hind-limb over the female and the animals stand facing opposite directions

37
Q

What is the function of spasmodic contractions?

A

Send pulses down the CSP and forces semen down and out of the urethra

38
Q

Tom cat’s penis

A

Caudally directed penis (flaccid state)
Cranially directing during copulation
Penile spines (on glans penis) to assist with maintaining intromission (not neutered)

39
Q

Urine Spraying in cats

A

Behavioral problem
Territorial marking
Becomes a problem when tom chooses household objects for marking (smell)

40
Q

Posture of the tom during urine spraying

A

Standing position with tail erect
Hindquarters directed toward object
Ears caudally directed

41
Q

Clinical consideration of the urethra for dogs

A

Canine Urethral obstruction
Urethral Calculi

42
Q

Clinical consideration of the urethra for cats

A

Tom Feline Urologic Syndrome
Urethral Plug

43
Q

What is derived from the internal pudendal?

A

Artery of the penis

44
Q

Dorsal artery of the penis

A

Nutritional supply

45
Q

What does the deep artery of the penis supply?

A

Supplies CCP for erections

46
Q

What does the artery of the bulb supply?

A

Supplies CSP for ejaculation

47
Q

Pelvic nerves

A

Parasympathetic- S2 and 3 (vasocontrol to engorge penis)
Assists in relaxing helicine vessels and increasing CCP blood flow (erection)

48
Q

Hypogastric nerves

A

Sympathetic- L1-L4
(ejaculation)

49
Q

Pudendal nerves

A

Somatic- S2 and 3
Innervates the striated muscles (ejaculation)

50
Q

Dorsal nerves of the penis

A

Sensation to the glans penis

51
Q

Prepuce

A

Sheath of skin surrounding and protecting the penis
Outer lamina haired, inner lamina with delicate skin
Fornix
Preputial ostium and cavity

52
Q

What are the accessory sex glands in the dog?

A

Prostate and ampullary glands

53
Q

Prostate

A

Around proximal urethra
R. and l. lobes

54
Q

What are the accessory sex glands in the cat?

A

Prostate and the bulbourethral gland

55
Q

Clinical consideration of the prostate?

A

Benign prostate Hyperplasia

56
Q

Prostate Hyperplasia

A

Press on large intestine (rectum)
Producing constipation and difficulty in defecation
Treatment: castration (surgical removal)

57
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus m.
Bulbospongiosus m.
Rectractor penis m.
Ischiourethralis m.

58
Q

Retractor penis m.

A

Pair of smooth m
Arise from the sacrocaudal spines, pass around the anus, and attach half way down the penis

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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