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Veterinary Anatomy > Syndesmology > Flashcards

Syndesmology Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

Articulate the bones together
Unite the bones firmly and allows movement

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of joints?

A

Conventional
Unconventional (synsarcosis)

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3
Q

Conventional Joints include

A

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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4
Q

Synsarcosis

A

The only type of unconventional joint
Articulation through muscles
Located at the girdle muscles (pelvic and pectoral girdles)

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5
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

No joint space (not highly moving)
Bones united through dense CT
EX: Sutures (skull), gomphosis (tooth bony socket), syndesmoses bones

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6
Q

Syndesomoses

A

Fibrous Joint
Syndesmoses bones joined through CT ligament
Distal articulation between the radius and the ulna

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7
Q

Cartilaginous Joint/ Synchondroses

A

Conventional joint
No joint space
Bones united through cartilage

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8
Q

Which bodies of vertebrae aren’t classified as synchondroses joints?

A

Atlas and axial

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9
Q

Examples of cartilaginous joints

A
  1. Diaphysis/ epiphysis
  2. bodies of vertebrae
  3. pelvic symphysis
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10
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Conventional Joints
Highly mobile
Joint cavity and articulate cartilage between bones
Outer layer: collateral ligaments

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11
Q

Which joints give vets the most problems?

A

Synovial Joints

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12
Q

Examples of synovial joints

A
  1. Pivot (atlantoaxial, proximal radioulnar)
  2. condylar (femorotibial)
  3. hinge (elbow)
  4. Ellipsoidal (radiocarpal)
  5. Saddle (interphalangeal)
    6.spheroidal (hip,shoulder)
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13
Q

Where are bone injections given?

A

Joint Cavity
But can also be used for synovial synthesis

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14
Q

Joint Cavity

A

Made up of:
Articular cartilage (smooth cartilage that allows gliding of bones)
Synovial membrane (middle between bones)

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15
Q

Joint Capsule

A

Made up of articular cartilage, fibrous capsule, ligaments, and the synovial membrane

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16
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Contain synovial secretion cells that secrete synovial fluid, making it a lubricant, and facilitating a smooth joint movement

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17
Q

Order of joints in the Thoracic limb

A

Syncarcosis, shoulder, elbow, carpal, digit

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18
Q

Shoulder Joint

A

Synovial/ spherical joint
links the scapular glenoid cavity to the humerus head
Range of motion: rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction

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19
Q

______ acts as collateral ligaments and add support the shoulder joint.

A

Tendons

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20
Q

What is another word for dislocation?

A

Luxation

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21
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation

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22
Q

Why are shoulder joint dislocations rare?

A

Because it’s well protected with good support unless there is a severe trauma

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23
Q

What are the two ways to protect tendons?

A
  1. Tendon sheath
  2. Sesamoid bone
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24
Q

What are mainly affected by Biceps Tenosynovitis?

A

Large breeds because they grow fast and exceeds development

25
Q

What causes Biceps Tenosynovitis

A

Exercise and stress

26
Q

Bicipital Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of the biceps tendon surrounding synovial sheath

27
Q

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)

A

Faulty development of the joint

28
Q

Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD)

A

Faulty development of the cartilage (abnormal endochondral ossification)
Erosion of the articular cartilage of the head of the humerus
Cases Arthritis

29
Q

What happens during Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD)

A

A piece of cartilage becomes partially or fully detached from the surface of the bone and floating in synovial fluid

30
Q

Shoulder Joint Clinical Considerations

A

Luxation and subluxation
Degenerative Joint Disease
Osteochondrosis Dissecans
Biceps Tenosynovitis
Arthritis

31
Q

What type of joint is between the humerus and the radius/ ulna?

A

Hinge Joint

32
Q

Composite Joint

A

Two joints within the same capsule
Joints with more than one level of articulation
EX: Elbow, carpal, stifle joint

33
Q

What type of joint is between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna?

A

Pivot Joint

34
Q

Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process of the Ulna (FMCP)

A

Developmental defect

Each bone (humerus, ulna, radius) develops by itself with it’s own ossification center –> all bones come together and attach to the ulna for complete ossification –> sometimes the medial coronoid process fails to ossify or become untied leading to FMCP –> then piece of cartilage is floating

FAILURE OF MEDIAL CORONOID PROCESS TO ATTACH TO THE ULNA
Leads to arthritis

35
Q

Ununited Anconeal Process (UAP)

A

Developmental defect
The anconeal process fails to ossify, it becomes detached and irritate the joint cavity

36
Q

What is the clinical consideration of the elbow joint

A

Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process
Ununited anconeal Process
Elbow dislocation

37
Q

Elbow dislocation

A

No weight bearing lameness
Caused by severe trauma
Carrying the elbow flexed
Uncommon

38
Q

Levels of articulation of the carpal joints:

A

(3)
1. Antebrachio carpal share the same joint cavity
2. Midcarpal
3. Carpometacarpal

39
Q

How many injections would the carpal joint get?

A

2, one at the antebrachio carpal and one at the midcarpal and carpometacarpal

40
Q

Significance of the Midcarpal and Carpometacarpal

A

Joint cavities are interconnected and communicate with each other

41
Q

Clinical consideration of the carpus:

A

Hyperflexion deformity
Dislocation of the carpus

42
Q

Hyperflexion Deformity

A

Seen in puppies
Paws knuckled under
Condition improves on its own within weeks

43
Q

Dislocation of the Carpus

A

Caused by trauma
Can affect all 3 joints
AKA Hyperextension

44
Q

Normal Hip Joint has:

A
  1. Dorsal spine of ilium
  2. Greater Trochanter
  3. Tuber Isheii
    Symmetric, if not probably hip dysplasia
45
Q

Hip Joint Clinical Considerations

A

Pelvic Fractures
Dislocation of the pelvis
Hip Dysplasia

46
Q

Hip Dysplasia

A

Shallow acetabulum or flattened femoral head
Pain swelling and crippling

47
Q

What cases Hip Dysplasia?

A

Genetics, nutrition and excessive exercise

48
Q

Dislocated hip

A

Caused by trauma
Head of the femur pops out of the acetabulum tearing the ligaments
Radiographs confirm diagnosis

49
Q

Stifle Joint articulations

A
  1. femorotibial
  2. femoropatellar
  3. proximal tibiofibular
50
Q

Ligaments in the stifle joint

A

Medial and lateral collateral, and cruciate ligaments

51
Q

Stifle Joint clinical considerations

A

Cranial/ caudal cruciate ligament injuries
Patellar luxation
Stifle dislocation

52
Q

Cranial// caudal cruciate ligament injuries

A

Torn CCL allows the tibia to slide forward and causes menisci damage
Lameness, pain
Surgery
All breeds

53
Q

Patellar Luxation

A

Dislocated knee cap causes by trauma
Graded I-IV
Arthritis is a common consequence
Surgery

54
Q

In Patellar Luxation, the patella is usually dislocated ______ in small breeds

A

medially

55
Q

In Patellar Luxation, the patella is usually dislocated ______ in large breeds

A

Laterally

56
Q

Stifle Dislocation

A

Serious problem (for board certified/ well trained vets)
Severe damage to joints, bones, ligaments and tissues
Radiograph needed
Reconstructive Surgery

57
Q

Joints of the hind paw

A

Crurotarsal
Prox. and distal intertarsal
Tarsometatarsal

58
Q

Tarsal Joint Dislocation

A

Traumatic Injury
Ligaments damage and bones fractures
Surgery

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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