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Veterinary Anatomy > Hindlimb Innervation > Flashcards

Hindlimb Innervation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common clinical signs associated with compromised motor innervations?

A

Weakness in lower legs, muscle atrophy and gait defects

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2
Q

What are the hip extensors

A

Gluteal muscles: super. gluteal, deep gluteal, middle gluteal
Hamstrings: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

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3
Q

What are the hip flexors?

A

TFL, Sartorius, iliopsoas

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4
Q

What are the muscle adductors if the hindlimb

A

Adductor, pectineus, gracilis

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5
Q

What are the stifle extensors?

A

Quadriceps:
Recuts femoris
Vastus medialis
V. Intermedius
V. Lateralis

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6
Q

What are the stifle joint flexors?

A

Popliteus

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7
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A

From L4-S2
Gives origin to the nerves that innervate the hindlimb

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8
Q

What does L3 give rise to?

A

Illioinguinal and genitofemoral (L3&L4) nerves

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9
Q

What does the femoral branch of the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Cutaneous innervation to the proximal medial thigh

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10
Q

What does the genital branch of the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Spermatic fascia
Cremaster m.
Scrotum

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11
Q

Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

A

Originates from L4
Provides sensory innervation to the cranio-lateral surface of the thigh

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12
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L4-L6
Motor innervation to the stifle extensors (quadriceps)

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13
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the femoral nerve?

A

Saphenous branch
To the medial surface of the thigh, stifle and hock

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14
Q

Clinical significance of the femoral nerve

A

Paralysis of the quadriceps
Loss of weight bearing
Loss of sensation in the medial surface of the limb

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15
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L4-L6
Supplies the adductor muscles of the thigh

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16
Q

Clinical significance of the obturator nerve

A

Looses ability to adduct the limbs, so the limbs remain abducted ( dystocia and calving)

17
Q

Lumbosacral trunk

A

L7-S1&2
Cranial gluteal
Cd. Gluteal
Cd. Cutaneous femoral

18
Q

What does the cranial gluteal supply?

A

Middle and deep gluteal
Tensor fasciae lata

19
Q

What does the cranial gluteal supply?

A

Super. Gluteal m. (Hip extensor)

20
Q

What does the cd. cutaneous femoral supply?

A

Sensory to cd. thigh

21
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Distal communication of the lumbosacral trunk
Supplies the internal obturator, gemelli, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings group

22
Q

What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Common peroneal and tibial
Sensory innervation to the lateral surface of the limb distal to the stifle
Motor innervation to the leg muscles

23
Q

What branches are of the common peroneal

A

Superficial branch: skin; dorsal surface of the leg and foot
Deep branch: hock flexors/ digit extensors

24
Q

Tibial nerve

A

Passes between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius

25
Q

What is the cutaneous branch of the common peroneal?

A

Lateral sural nerve: skin/ lateral surface of leg

26
Q

What is the cutaneous branch of the sciatic nerve?

A

Caudal sural nerve

27
Q

What do the muscular branches of the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

Muscular branches of the gastrocnemius and caudal crual muscles

28
Q

Medial & lateral plantar of the sciatic nerve

A

Supplies sensory nerves to planter surface of foot

29
Q

What are the clinical considerations of the sciatic nerve?

A

Largest nerve in the body

30
Q

What can the sciatic nerve be damaged from?

A

Fracture of pelvis or femur
Dislocation of hip
Injections
Trauma

31
Q

What can damages of the common peroneal cause?

A

Over extension of hock
Overflexion of digits
Atrophy to innervate muscles
Dog will flick the paw forward to bare weight
Lost sensation on dorsal aspect of hock and foot

32
Q

What can damages to the tibial nerve cause?

A

Overflexion of hock
Overextension of digits
Atrophy to innervated muscles
Limb is lowered when applying weight
Lost sensation on plantar aspect of hock and foot

33
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

S2-S3
Lies lateral to levator and coccygeus
Main trunk supply sensory innervation to prep use, scrotum, udder

34
Q

How does the pudendal nerve end?

A

As dorsal nerve of penis clitoris

35
Q

Superficial branch of the pudendal nerve

A

Supplies skin of anus, vulva, and ventral perineal region

36
Q

What do the deep branches of the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Motor nerves to perineal muscles that include reproductive organs muscle

37
Q

Caudal rectal nerves

A

Origin: most caudal sacral nerves
Provides sensory innervation to rectum, anus, perineal skin

38
Q

What are the motor fibers to of the caudal rectal nerves?

A

Dorsal perineal muscles
External anal sphincter
Levanter ani

39
Q

Clinical consideration of the caudal rectal nerves

A

When fixing an external anal sphincter the vet could hit the nerve.

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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