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Veterinary Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transportation (respiratory, nutrients, excretory)
Protection
Regulation
Blood-vascular system

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2
Q

What makes up the blood vascular system ?

A

Heart
Arterial circulation
Venous circulation
Lymphatic circulation

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3
Q

Heart

A

4-chambered
Pair of atria in the craniodorsal portion
Pair of ventricles in the caudoventral position
Base and Apex

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4
Q

Where does the heart lie?

A

Between 3rd- 6th ribs

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5
Q

What structures are lateral to the heart?

A

Chest wall
Lungs
Phrenic nerve

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6
Q

What structures are cranial to the heart?

A

Thymus
Lungs

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7
Q

What structures are caudal to the heart?

A

Diaphragm
Liver
Stomach
Abdominal viscera

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8
Q

Coronary groove/ sulcus

A

Separates the thin walled atria from the ventricles

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9
Q

Annulus Fibrosis

A

Fibrous skeleton
Separates atria and ventricles physically and physiologically so they won’t contract at the same time
Separates and anchors the valves

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10
Q

What may the annulus fibrosis do in cows?

A

May ossify to give os cordis

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11
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Lymph vessels and lymph nodes (filters) necessary for balance of fluid flow

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12
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward a tissue mass

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13
Q

Arterioles

A

Arteries branching until reaching sizes less than 100 um or less in diameter

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14
Q

Capillaries

A

Arteries that branch until they are 10 um or less
Where gases, nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the bloodstream and tissue cells

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15
Q

Venules

A

Leave the capillary beds and connect to veins

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16
Q

Intima

A

Inner surface of the vessel

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17
Q

What is venous circulation maintained by?

A

Negative pressure

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18
Q

What are the superficial/ palpable lymph nodes in dogs ?

A

Mandibular
Superficial cervical
Axillary
Superficial inguinal
Popliteal

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19
Q

Pumps of the heart

A

Somatic (left, high pressure)
Pulmonary pump (right, low pressure)

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20
Q

Blood circulation

A
  1. Cr. and cd. vena cava takes unoxygenated blood
  2. Right atrium receives blood and sends it though the AV (tricuspid) valve
  3. Right ventricle receives, pumps it’s through pulmonic valve
  4. Pulmonary trunk receives and gives to lungs via r. and l. arteries
  5. L. atrium gets blood from lungs via pulmonary veins
  6. L. AV valve sends blood to l. ventricle
  7. L. ventricle pumps blood through aortic valve
  8. Aorta receives sends blood to body
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21
Q

What is blood flow dependent on?

A

Right and left AV valves
Pulmonic and Aortic valves

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22
Q

Why do atrioventricular valves close?

A

Closes to prevent back flow of blood into the atria upon systole (contraction)

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23
Q

Why do atrioventricular valves open?

A

To allow blood entering the atria to splash downward into the ventricles to fill them during diastole (relaxation)

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24
Q

What are the 3 subcompartments of the right atrium?

A

Sinus venarum cavarum
Right auricle
Coronary sinus

25
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Point where all great coronary venous circulation terminates
(Hole cd. Of heart)

26
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Adult remnant of fetal foramen ovale
(Shallow hole, not really seen)

27
Q

What makes up the right ventricle

A

Papillary muscles
Chordinae tendinae
Trabeculae septomarginalis
Trabeculae carnae

28
Q

Conus arteriosus

A

Empties via pulmonic valve into pulmonary trunk
(Space my pulmonary valve)

29
Q

What does the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles so?

A

The contract during systole and keep AV valves from averting into the atria when they close

30
Q

Coronary Circulation

A

Circulation of blood in blood vessels that supply the heart
Heart feeds itself first
15% of output

31
Q

Heart characteristics

A

Striated
Actin and myosin
Centrally located nuclei
Branched fibers
Involuntary (autonomic)

32
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the heart?

A

Speeds up the heart rate and increase contractile force (parasympathetic is opposite)

33
Q

Purkinje system

A

Makes up conduction system of heart
Increased sodium permeability
Initiates it’s own contraction and intervals

34
Q

Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)

A

Initiation center
Located in r. atrial wall
Most sodium-permeable
Fires first

35
Q

What are the first branches of the aorta

A

L. and r. coronary arteries

36
Q

Why are the 3 branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Paraconal
Circumflex
Subsinosal

37
Q

Great cardiac vein

A

Opens into r. atrium via coronary sinus

38
Q

Thebesian foramen

A

Lesser veins
Open directly into all 4 heart chambers

39
Q

Coronary by-pass surgery

A

Corrects blocked vessels

40
Q

Prosthesis of a saphenous vein

A

Grafted to ascending aorta and distal to the clogged artery

41
Q

Layers of the fibroserous membranes of the heart (out to in)

A
  1. Pericardial parietal pleura
  2. Fibrous pericardium
  3. Parietal serous pericardium
  4. Epicardium
42
Q

What does the pericardial cavity house?

A

1 cc of pericardial fluid

43
Q

Pericardial sac layers (out to in)

A
  1. Pericardial pleura
  2. Fibrous pericardium
  3. Parietal serous pericardium
44
Q

ECG

A

Evaluates the electrical flow of cardiac conduction system and the efficiency of atrial ventricular contraction

45
Q

Cardiac Auscultation

A

Puncta maxima (PMI)
Maximal points of intensity for auscultation of the heart valves over the thoracic wall

46
Q

Cardiac auscultation location for left chest

A

PAM 345
1. Pulmonic valve: 3rd space @ costochondral junction
2. Aortic valve: 4th space @ shoulder
3. Left AV: 5th space along sternal border

47
Q

Cardiac auscultation location for right chest

A

PAM 345 R4
Right AV: 4th space above costochondral junction

48
Q

Placenta

A

Where the mother provides baby with gas exchange, nutrients and takes care of waste products
Classified as zonary

49
Q

Hepatic-Portal Circulation

A

Venous drainage from the digestive viscera which enter the liver
Blood filters and re-enter the systemic circulation

50
Q

Blood from the gut area

A

Goes in the portal vein to the liver to be filtered and if the toxin is not removed it’s not good blood

51
Q

What are the 2 capillary sets for portal circulation?

A

Villi (GI)
Sinusoid (liver)

52
Q

What has the closest exchange to humans?

A

Primates

53
Q

What are the 3 layers of the placenta?

A

Choroid
Allantois
Amnion

54
Q

Fetal Circulation

A
  1. Oxygen and nutrient rich blood enter fetal body via umbilical veins
  2. @ liver umbilical vein passes through parenchyma as ductus venous
  3. Blood enters cd. vena cava and travels to r. atrium
  4. 60% passing foramen ovale into l. atrium, 40% into r. ventricle
  5. Through FO into l. atrium –> to l. ventricle -> ascending aorta
  6. R. ventricle blood is ejected passing ductus arteriosus –> descending aorta
55
Q

Fetus circulation remnants

A
  1. Umbilical vein: round ligament of liver
  2. Ductus venosus: ligamentum venosum
  3. Foramen ovale: Fossa Ovalis
    4.Ductus arteriosus: ligamentum arteriosum
  4. Umbilival arteries: round ligament of the bladder
56
Q

Ampulla

A

Site for fertilization

57
Q

Isthmus

A

Conveys the embryo to the uterus

58
Q

Uretotubal junction

A

Papilla

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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