The abdominal wall Flashcards
What is the most obvious landmark of the ventral abdomen in all species?
Umbilicus or navel
Flank
Ventrolateral part of the abdominal wall between thoracic cage and the bones of the pelvis
Intrathoracic
Within the ribcage
Clinical signifane of the abdoinal wall
Abdominal surgery is frequently performed in dogs and cats
Wall incised in surgical approaches to abdominal organs
T/F: the abdominal wall is the frequent site for hernias
True
Rectus abdominus
Polygastric muscle (ventral sternum)
Broad band to the sides of the linea alba
What is incised in almost all abdominal surgical approaches?
Muscles of the flank and abdominal floor
Lateral abdominal muscles
Transversus Abdominis
Internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique
F: during contraction they aid in defecation, parturition, urination, respiration and locomotion
External abdominal oblique
Lateral surface of ribs and lumbar fascia
Superficial inguinal ring
Internal abdominal oblique
Coxal tuber & inguinal ligament
Craniocentral to the linea alba
What is the clinical significance of the internal abdominal oblique?
Caudal slip of the cremaster muscle
Transversus Abdominis
From inner surface of last ribs and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
Aponeurosis passes dorsally to recuts Abdominis
What is the public brim of the Rectus Abdominis?
Prepubic tendon
What does the aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscles form?
External leaf of the sheath (lamina externa) that covers the ventral aspect of rectus abdominis
Lamina externa
Aponeurosis of the abdominal oblique muscles
Ventral to the rectus Abdominis
Lamina interna
Aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis muscle
Dorsal to the rectus Abdominis
What leaves to unite in the linea alba?
Aponeurotic tendon separated as the lamina interna and lamina externa
Linea alba
Fibrous line formed by union of the Aponeurosis of the right and left oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
What attaches to the dorsal surface of the linea alba
Falciform ligament and median ligament of the bladder
What are different surgical incisions through the linea alba?
Celiotomy (laparotomy)
Paracentesis
Performed caudolateral to the umbilicus to avoid falciform ligament and risk of full bladder
Which abdominal hernia is the most frequent?
Umbilical
What does a congenital abdominal hernia result from?
Failure of the fusion of the lateral folds of the embryo
Superficial inguinal ring
Slit in Aponeurosis on external abdominal oblique
What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal/ deep inguinal ring?
Caudolteral: Inguinal ligament
Craniolateral: internal abdominal oblique
Medial: rectus Abdominis
Inguinal canal
Potential space interconnecting 2 rings
What does the inguinal canal convey?
External pudendal vessels
Genitofemoral cord (vaginal tunic)
Cremaster muscle
Vaginal process
(Round lig of uterus)
Inguinal hernias
Most frequent in bitch
Opposite to the proportion in other domestic animals
Round lig of uterus dilates canal
What is necessary to obtain normal fertility?
Testicular descent
Early testicular development
At the cd. pole or the kidney
From the cd. pole of the kidney to the scrotum
What does early testicular development depend on?
Gubernaculum testis
How is the vaginal process formed?
As the fetus grows, the gubernaculum pulls the testis and epididymus caudally
Gubernaculum testis
A gelatinous cord
Attaches the future scrotum to the epididymis and testis
What happens near the end of gestation?
Gubernaculum swells, expanding the inguinal canal
Exerts pressure on the body wall at the super. inguinal ring
Testis displaced towards the abdominal entrance of the canal
What happens when the epididymus and testis move out of the body into the scrotum?
Increase in intra-abdominal pressure that expels into the IC
Gubernaculum regression pulls the epididymus and testis to the bottom of the scrotum
What is the result of the Gubernaculum regression?
Proper ligament of the testis
Ligament I’d the tail of the epididymus
Scrotal ligament
What structures are in both sexes?
External pudendal vessels
Genitofemoral nerve
What structures are in males?
Spermatic cord
Cremaster muscle
What structure is in females?
Vaginal process
Hernia
When structures go through the inguinal canal when they shouldn’t
Cryptorchidism
Structures fail to go through the inguinal canal (hidden testis)
What is the effect of Cryptorchidism.
High temperature
Spermatogensis is not initiated at puberty
What is the treatment of Cryptorchidism?
Exclude from breeding “heredity”
