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Veterinary Anatomy > Myology > Flashcards

Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal muscle

A

Movement
Posture

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2
Q

What does stimulation do?

A

Maintains a state of muscle contraction “tonus” for movement of blood and lymph

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3
Q

What is the function of stabilizing joints?

A

Prevents unwanted movements

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4
Q

How do skeletal muscles maintain posture?

A

By stabilizing the flexible muscles

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5
Q

Certain muscles work in opposition to ______

A

Gravity

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5
Q

Certain muscles work in opposition to ______

A

Gravity

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6
Q

Examples of movements of body contents

A

Respiration
Circulation
Alimentation
Child Birth
Indication of emotional states

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7
Q

Alimentation

A

Digestion– GI tract, defecation and urination

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8
Q

Functions of Muscles

A

Movements of body contents
maintain continence
Generates heat by shivering

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9
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintain proper body function with proper environment
EX: enzymes need to function

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10
Q

Where is the term muscle derived from?

A

“mus” or “mys” for mouse

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11
Q

Muscle is classfied as a __________

A

Specialized connective Tissue

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12
Q

What is each muscle composed of?

A

Skeletal muscle tissue, CT and nervous tissue

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13
Q

Why do muscles contract?

A

To produce body movement in response to nerves or hormone stimulation

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles

A

Smooth, cardiac and skeletal

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15
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Not striated
Associated with viscera
Ex: arrector pili m. and detrusor m.

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16
Q

Cardiac Muscles

A

Striated
The heart (myocardium) and the bases of the major vessels

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17
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Striated
Generally attached to bone
Usually under voluntary control

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18
Q

Denervation Atrophy

A

The absence of a functional nerve supply
The muscle will not attract

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19
Q

Motor Unit

A

The neuron plus the muscle fiber it innervates

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20
Q

How does a muscle produce a stronger contraction?

A

The nervous system activates more motor units

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21
Q

How much of the body does the carcass takes up?

A

50% of the body

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22
Q

Where are most skeletal muscles attached?

A

the bone

23
Q

What other places are skeletal muscles attached to?

A

The pharynx, skin and the esophagus
EX: cutaneous trunci

24
Q

Formation of the muscle:

A

Fiber –> Fascicles (bundles)–> muscle

25
Q

What is the binding substance within muscles?

A

Loose CT

26
Q

Myofiber

A

Muscle cell

27
Q

Endomysium

A

Small amounts of loose CT surrounding individual muscle fiber

28
Q

Fascicle bundle

A

groups of muscle fibers

29
Q

Perimysium

A

Loose CT surrounding muscle fascicles

30
Q

Epimysium

A

Loose or dense CT surround an entire muscle

31
Q

Skeletal Muscle structure

A

CT merges at the end of the muscle “belly” to form the tendon (dense regular connective tissue- attach to bone)

32
Q

What is the importance of these CT arrangements

A

To make sure they all contract simultaneously

33
Q

Joints of the Forelimb

A

Synsarcosis
Shoulder
Elbow
Carpus
Fetlock
Digital

34
Q

Agonist

A

Prime movers
Principal muscles executing the particular joint movement
Ex: triceps brachii (elbow)

35
Q

Where does the agonist exert its action?

A

Distal Joint

36
Q

Antagonist

A

Actively opposing the prime mover
Maintains some tension on a joint and limits the range of the agonist

37
Q

Synergists

A

Assists the prime mover
Doesn’t facilitate or oppose a movement

38
Q

Fixators

A

It prevents the bone from moving
Stabilizes joints rather than promoting movement
Ex: biceps brachii (elbow)

39
Q

How do you name different muscles?

A

Attachments
Shape
Size
Function
Location/ position
Number of heads
Number of bellies

40
Q

Tendons

A

Accessory structures
Low metabolic activity (poorly vascularized)
Attaches muscle to bone
Dense regular connective tissue

41
Q

When can the tendon be damaged?

A

Damaged by excessive pressure or friction and when change direction over bony prominences

42
Q

Where does the tendon attach the muscle?

A

To the periosteum of the bone

43
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad, flat tendon sheet-like union

44
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid-filled cushions at danger sites

45
Q

Bursa synovialis

A

Small fluid-filled sacs located between tendons and stress points

46
Q

Tendon Sheath

A

Fluid filled cylinders surrounding tendons over stress points

47
Q

Where is inflammation in the tendon common?

A

Inflammation of synovial bursae and sheath is common
Occur where they are required

48
Q

Retinaculum

A

Accessory structure
Condensed deep fascia over carpus or tarsus
Prevents webbing

49
Q

Annular Ligaments

A

Condensed deep fascia over the digits

50
Q

What are the forms of protection for tendons?

A

Sesamoid bones and patella

51
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Ossification of cartilage in tendons for extra strength at stress points
Moves tendon away from axis

52
Q

Patella

A

Prevents wear and displaces tendon from axis of joint

53
Q

Lipomas

A

Palpable from skin surface
Abnormal aggregates of normal fat with capsule around
Not life threatening

54
Q

Infiltrate lipoma

A

Unencapsulated fatty tumor
Deeply attached to muscle fascia

55
Q

Palpable featrures

A

Tendon of origin of biceps
Deltoid tuberosity
Superficial cervical L. node
Axillary L. node

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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