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Veterinary Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What fibers are coming out of the spinal nerves?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic (sacral spinal nerves)
Somatic afferent and efferent

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2
Q

What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves?

A

C3- oculomotor
C7- facial
C9- Glossopharyngeal
C10- Vagus

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3
Q

What are the cranial nerves that move the eye?

A

C3- oculomotor
C4- trochlear
C6- abducent

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4
Q

C1 (olfactory nerve)

A

Smell (sensory)
Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)
Originates in the olfactory mucosa

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5
Q

C1/ olfactory pathway

A

Cells bodies in ethmoidal turbinates –> Cribriform plates –> Olfactory bulbs/synapse
Pathway doesn’t go through the thalamus

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6
Q

Vomernasal Organ (Jacobson’s Organ)

A

Chemosensory organ at the floor of the nasal cavity

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7
Q

The Flehmen response

A

Olfactory mechanism identifies the reproductive state of females based on pheromones

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8
Q

Clinical disorders dealing with the olfactory nerve

A

If they can’t smell, wont eat
Meningitis/ encephalitis: meninges provide routes for infection from nose to cr. cavity and brain

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9
Q

Anosmia and Hyposmia

A

Lack of ability to smell
Decreased ability to smell

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10
Q

C2 (optic)

A

Visual perception from the retina to the brain (sensory ganglion in retina)
Special somatic afferent (SSA)

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11
Q

What does C2 enter?

A

Optic canal, optic chiasm, optic tract, lat. geniculate body and occipital cortices (visual cortex)

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12
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Inflammation of optic nerve
Swelling and destruction of myelin sheath –> axial damage
Multiple sclerosis
Sudden loss of vision

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13
Q

Optic nerve testing

A

Menace response test
Pupillary light response (PLR)

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14
Q

Menace response test

A

Create a threatening gesture
Sensory component –> optic
Motor component –> facial
Air current will stimulate the trigeminal

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15
Q

Pupillary light repsonse (PLR)

A

Flashing light
Sensory –> optic
Motor (pupil construction)–> oculomotor (parasym.)

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16
Q

C3 (oculomotor)

A

Pupillary adjustment and lens accommodations
Eye movement (motor)
Parasympathetic

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17
Q

Somatic efferent fibers of C3

A

Passes through the orbital fissure
Innervates dorsal, medial, and ventral rectus, ventral oblique, and levator palpebral superioris

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18
Q

Parasympathetic efferent fibers of C3

A

Ciliary m./ lens accommodation
Constrictor pulpillae of the iris (pupillary constriction to light)

19
Q

C3 deficit

A

Ptosis: eyelid drooping
Mydriasis: excessive dilation of pupil
Ventrolateral strabismus

20
Q

Horner’s syndrome (C3)

A

Miosis of l. eye
Ptosis
Elevation of 3rd eyelid
Enophthalmos

21
Q

C4 (Trochlear)

A

Eye movement (somatic efferent) to the dorsal oblique muscle
Passes through the orbital fissure
Dorsolateral strabismus

22
Q

C5 (Trigeminal)

A

Sensory to face structures
Motor to muscles of mastication

23
Q

What are the 3 branches of C5?

A

Mandibular- muscles of mastication
Ophthalmic- eye (sensory)
Maxillary- face (sensory)

24
Q

Mandibular nerve of C5

A

Sensory: Lower lip, tongue mucosa and teeth of lower jaw
Motor: muscles of mastication
Passes through oval foramen

25
Q

Ophthalmic nerve of C5

A

Sensory to forehead, medial canthus, eyeball, cornea and nasal mucosa
Passes through orbital fissure

26
Q

Maxillary n. of C5

A

Sensory to upper lip, soft and hard palate, teeth of upper jaw
Passes through round foramen and rostral alar foramen

27
Q

Clinical cases of C5

A

Mandibular nerve (dropped jaw, loss of sensation)
Ophthalmic abnormal corneal reflex
Maxillary/ loss of sensation in upper lips

28
Q

C6 (Abducent)

A

Eye movement (motor)
Passes through orbital fissure
Innervates lateral rectus and retracter bulbi
Medial strabismus

29
Q

C7 (facial) innervations

A

Motor to muscles of facial expressions
Taste sensation on rostral 2/3 tongue
Parasympathetic to lacrimal and mandibular salivary glands

30
Q

Facial nerve paralysis (C7)

A

Loss of sensation (glands)
Inability to close eye/ no palpebral response (orbicularis occuli)
Food in vestibule (buccinator)
Drop ear (rostral and cd. auricular m.)

31
Q

C8 (vestibulocochlear)

A

Hearing and balance
Special somatic afferent (SSA)
Passes through the internal acoustic meatus
2 branches: cochlear (hearing) and vestibular (balance)

32
Q

Clinical considerations of C8

A

Head tilt (to affected side)
Ataxia (staggering gait)
Rolling (toward side of lesion)
Nystagmus (eye flicking, vestibulo-ocular reflex)

33
Q

C9 (Glossopharyngeal)

A

Pharynx muscles
Taste and sensation cd. 1/3 of tongue
Parotid and zygomatic salivary gland (parasymp.)
Passes through the jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

34
Q

Clinical considerations of C9

A

Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Gag reflex
Salivation disorder

35
Q

C10 (vagus) innervation and what does it pass through?

A

Passes through the jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure
Innervates pharynx, larynx, heart and abdominal viscera

36
Q

What are the branches of C10?

A

Cr. laryngeal n., recurrent (cd. laryngeal), cardiac branches, dorsal and ventral vagal trunks

37
Q

Pharyngeal m. innervations by C10

A

Motor and sensory
Pharyngeal constrictors

38
Q

Intrinsic m. innervations by C10

A

Cr. laryngeal n. to cricothyroideus m.
Cd. (recurrent) laryngeal n. to remainder of laryngeal m.

39
Q

Clinical considerations of C10

A

Dysphagia
Gag relfex
Paralysis of intrinsic laryngeal m.
Damage to recurrent laryngeal n.
Roaring especially in horses

40
Q

C11 (Accessory)

A

Head and neck movement (motor)

41
Q

C12 (Hypoglossal)

A

Tongue muscle and movement (motor)
Passes through the hypoglossal canal
Runs with lingual a.

42
Q

C12 clinical considerations

A

Paralysis of extrinsic m. (can’t protrude tongue)
Paralysis of ipsilateral m.
Deviation of tongue toward injured side (LMN) or healthy side (UMN)

43
Q

Type of innervations by C10

A

Motor and sensory to pharynx
Parasymp. to thoracic and abdominal viscera

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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