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Veterinary Anatomy > Canine Head > Flashcards

Canine Head Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalic index

A

Dog cephalic index = 100 x skull width / skull length

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2
Q

Different dog breed with different indexes

A

Dolichocephalic (grey hound)= below 50
Brachycephalic (frenchie)= over 100
Mesaticephalic= 50-100

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3
Q

What are the palpable structures of the head?

A

Infraorbital foramen
Mental foramen
Zygomatic arch/ mandible
Sagittal and nuchal crest

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4
Q

What are the superficial muscles of facial expression and what are they innervated by?

A

Mimetic muscles innervated by the facial nerve

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5
Q

Mimetic muscles

A

Orbicularis oris
Obicularis oculi
Caninus
Buccinator
Levator Nasolabialis
Levator labii superioris

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6
Q

Facial Nerve paralysis

A

Inability to close eye (obicularis occuli muscle)
Food in vestibule (buccinator m.)
Dropped ear (rostral and cd. auricular m.)

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7
Q

Which muscles will close the jaw?

A

Temporalis, masseter, med. and lat. pterygoid m.
Mandibular n.

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8
Q

Which muscle will open the jaw?

A

Digastricus m.
Cd. part innervated by the facial n.
Rostral part innervated by mandibular n.

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9
Q

Dropped jaw

A

Mandibular nerve paralysis
Temporalis m. has a dent
Muscles that close the jaw are compromised

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10
Q

Parotid salivary gland and lymph node

A

Parotid SG and duct opens against the upper 4th premolar
Parotid LN drains the super. structures dorsal to the palate

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11
Q

Mandibular salivary gland and lymph node

A

SG opens at the sublingual caruncle
LN drains the super. structures and intermandibular space

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12
Q

Sublingual salivary gland

A

Monostomatic opens at the sublingual caruncle
Polystomatic opens at the sublingual fold

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13
Q

Zygomatic/ buccal salivary gland

A

SG opens against the upper 2nd molar

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14
Q

Clinical consideration of the ranula and mucocele

A

Saliva leaks from a damaged salivary gland or duct and collects in the surrounding tissues
Ranula: Pathological dilatation of sublingual gland duct (oral floor)
Mucocele: Collection of mucoid surrounding tissues

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15
Q

Keratoconjuctivitis sica

A

An eye condition characterized by dryness and tear insufficiency
Treatment: transposition of the parotid duct into the conjunctival sac to compensate for compromised tear production

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16
Q

What are the 2 parts of the oral cavity?

A

Vestibule and oral cavity proper

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17
Q

Vestibule

A

Between the lips/ cheeks and teeth/ gum

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18
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

Between the dental arches
Dorsally: hard and soft palate
Ventrally: tongue and mucosa
Caudally: tongue, soft palate and palatoglossal arch

19
Q

Permanent dog dental formula

A

2x ( I 3/3 C1/1 P 4/4 and M2/3) =42

20
Q

Temporary dog dental formula and the last eruption

A

2x ( I 3/3 C1/1 P 3/3) = 28
Last eruption 6-8 months

21
Q

What is the sectorial/ shearing tooth?

A

Upper P4, lower M1

22
Q

Cat permanent dental formula

A

2x ( I 3/3 C1/1 P 3/2 and M1/1) =30

23
Q

Cat temporary dental formula

A

2x ( I 3/3 C1/1 P 3/2) =26

24
Q

Nerve block

A

Blocking palpebral branch of the auriculopalpebral nerve (facial) for an eye examination at the level of the zygomatic arch

25
Q

What procedures may require blocking the infraorbital (maxillary) nerve?

A

Minor procedures in the upper lip, canines and incisors teeth as it emerges from the infraorbital foramen

26
Q

What procedures may require blocking the mental (mandibular/ inferioralveolar) nerve?

A

Minor procedures in the lower lip, canines and incisors teeth

27
Q

What are the structures of the tongue?

A

Root, body, apex
Mechanical papillae; filiform/ conical
Fungiform, vallate and foliate (taste buds)
Lyssa on the ventral surface

28
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Geniohyoideus
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Genioglossus
Moves the tongue and innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (C12)

29
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Runs longitudinally, transversely and vertically
Stiffen the tongue

30
Q

Hypoglossal nerve injury

A

Paralysis of extrinsic and Ipsilateral muscles
Inability to protrude tongue
Tongue deviates towards the injured side

31
Q

What are the constrictors of the pharynx?

A

Pterygopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Hyopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus

32
Q

What is the pharynx dilator?

A

Stylopharyngeus

33
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box and prevents food from getting into the trachea
Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

34
Q

Laryngeal vestibule

A

Extends from the entrance to the vocal fold

35
Q

Glottic Cleft

A

Rima glottidis
Space between the vocal fold and the arytenoid cartilage

36
Q

What forms the glottis?

A

vestibule and glottic cleft

37
Q

What are the constrictors of the larynx?

A

Thyroarytenoideus
Cricoarytenoideus lateralis

38
Q

What are the dilators of the larynx?

A

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
Arytenoideus transversus

39
Q

What are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by?

A

Recurrent laryngeal n. (cd. laryngeal n.)

40
Q

What is the Cricothryroideus m. innervated by?

A

Cranial laryngeal n.

41
Q

Laryngeal Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m.
Leads to laxity in the vocal fold, narrower glottis and obstructed airways

42
Q

Epiglottic Entrapment

A

Brachycephalic airways syndrome in obsese large dogs
Redundant mucous membrane tightens during swallowing, keeping the epiglottis permanently covered (entrapped) by the aryepiglottic fold

43
Q

Treatment for epiglottic entrapment

A

Through the axial transection of aryepiglottic fold using bistoury

44
Q

Where do the lymph nodes drain into?

A

Into the medial retropharyngeal LN that drains into the tracheal duct

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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