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Veterinary Anatomy > Hind Limb Locomotion > Flashcards

Hind Limb Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

In _____ breeds, skin of the ______ indicates the form of underlying muscles

A
  1. Lean
  2. Croup
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2
Q

Clinical Significance of german shepherds

A

Joints are always in a flexed state

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3
Q

Where is the croup located?

A

Area over the pelvic cavity

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4
Q

Clinical Significance of the Dobermans and boxers?

A

Major joints extended and tarsus is straight
Predispose stifle joint to several disorders

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5
Q

Retraction in the hind limb

A

Hind extended
Hip extensors move caudally
Gluteal

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6
Q

Protraction in the hind limb

A

Acute/ flexed in rear
Iliopsoas
Hip flexors

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7
Q

What are the gluteal group muscles of the hip?

A

Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal (powerful extensor) with accessory and piriformis deep
Deep gluteal
Tensor fasciae latae

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8
Q

What is the synergist to the Iliopsoas and rectus femoris?

A

Tensor Fasciae latae

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9
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Powerful flexor of the hip
Tender loin
In the propulsion group

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10
Q

What are the muscles of the iliopsoas?

A

Psoas major (proximal)
Iliacus (distal)

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11
Q

What is the medial group of the Hindlimb?

A

Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor
External Obturator
Sartorius

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12
Q

What is the origin of the gracilis?

A

Symphyseal tendon CT that joins the pelvis

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13
Q

What are the sides of femoral triangle?

A

Dorsal: Iliopsoas
Cranial: caudal part of sartorius
Caudal: Pectineus

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14
Q

Femoral Triangle

A

Conduct the pulse @ the femoral artery
Vascular lacuna found here
Femoral vein for IV injections

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15
Q

What is the deep group of the hindlimb?

A

Internal Obturator, gemelli, Quadratus femoris

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16
Q

Internal Obturator

A

The IO tendon crosses the gemelli
Bursa between tendon and lesser ischiatic arch

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17
Q

Articularis Coxae

A

Sitting on the hip joint cavity
Reflect the deep gluteal

18
Q

The caudal hamstring group of the of the hip

A

Extend from the ischial tuber to proximal and distal stifle
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

19
Q

What are the muscles attached to the common calcaneon tendon

A

Gastrocnemius
Gracilis
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Super digital flexor

20
Q

Clinical Significance of the biceps femoris

A

IM injection given on the back of the muscle

21
Q

What do you want to be careful of in the biceps femoris?

A

For an IM injection, hitting the sciatic nerve because it will give temporary paralysis

22
Q

What is the clinical significance of the semitendinosus?

A

Insertion is the “string of ham”
Popliteal fossa and lymph node in the gap

23
Q

What muscles causes the most propulsion to an animal?

A

Semimembranosus

24
Q

Soleus muscle

A

In the cat only!!
Attaches to the common calcaneon tendon
Extend the tarsal joint

25
Q

Reciprocal mechanism

A

Movements of the stifle and hock move in unison

26
Q

Important components of the hip joint

A

‘Ligament of the femoral head’- has intracapsular ligament, attach to the head of the femor and fovea capitis
Transverse acetabular ligament- deep socket but if shallow the animal will have hip problems

27
Q

Surgical approach for hip dysplasia

A

Craniolateral direction between the tensor fascia and biceps femoris
Exposes the proximal vastus lateralis (articularis coxae)
Enter the joint cavity

28
Q

What are the endangered structures with hip dysplasia surgery?

A

Sciatic nerve and caudal gluteal vessels
Caudal from incision

29
Q

Total hip replacement

A

Cement mantel surrounding the femoral and acetabular prosthesis (artificial` body part)

30
Q

Chacteristics of the quadriceps femoris

A

Principal extensor
Weight bearing muscle, if not the stifle will collapse

30
Q

Characteristics of the quadriceps femoris

A

Principal stifle extensor
Weight bearing muscle, if not the stifle will collapse
4 parts: Vastus lateralis, v. medialis, v. intermedialis, rectus femoris
I/M injections
Analogy to the triceps brachii

31
Q

Femoral fractures

A

Most commonly fractures bone
Breaks occur mid-shaft
Complicated by the lower fragment displaced caudally by the pull of the gastrocnemius
Repaired by intramedullary pinning

32
Q

Surgical approach for femoral fraction

A

Lateral approach is the most convenient
Incision of the skin, fascia lata
Biceps femoris is reflected caudally
Reflecting vastus lateralis cranially exposes the shaft `

33
Q

Venipuncture

A
  1. Cephalic vein (thoracic, arm)
  2. Jugular vein (neck)
  3. Saphenous vein (pelvic, thigh and leg)
  4. Femoral vein (femoral triangle)
34
Q

Saphenous Vein

A

3rd place of venipuncture
Well secured due to fascia
Used for intravenous injections

35
Q

What is the normal stance of the stifle joint?

A

Flexed in standing posture
140 degrees

36
Q

How many injections do you need for the stifle joint

A

1 injection for the 3 compartments

37
Q

Clincial significance in the stifle joint

A

Cranial and cruciate rupture
Most susceptible to injury

38
Q

Cranial ligament torn during _______

A

Hyperextension

39
Q

Caudal ligament torn during _______

A

hyperflexing

40
Q

How do you test a cranial cruciate rupture?

A

By stabilizing femur and moving tibia cranially or caudally

Veterinary Anatomy (19 decks)

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