Hind Limb Locomotion Flashcards
In _____ breeds, skin of the ______ indicates the form of underlying muscles
- Lean
- Croup
Clinical Significance of german shepherds
Joints are always in a flexed state
Where is the croup located?
Area over the pelvic cavity
Clinical Significance of the Dobermans and boxers?
Major joints extended and tarsus is straight
Predispose stifle joint to several disorders
Retraction in the hind limb
Hind extended
Hip extensors move caudally
Gluteal
Protraction in the hind limb
Acute/ flexed in rear
Iliopsoas
Hip flexors
What are the gluteal group muscles of the hip?
Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal (powerful extensor) with accessory and piriformis deep
Deep gluteal
Tensor fasciae latae
What is the synergist to the Iliopsoas and rectus femoris?
Tensor Fasciae latae
Iliopsoas
Powerful flexor of the hip
Tender loin
In the propulsion group
What are the muscles of the iliopsoas?
Psoas major (proximal)
Iliacus (distal)
What is the medial group of the Hindlimb?
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor
External Obturator
Sartorius
What is the origin of the gracilis?
Symphyseal tendon CT that joins the pelvis
What are the sides of femoral triangle?
Dorsal: Iliopsoas
Cranial: caudal part of sartorius
Caudal: Pectineus
Femoral Triangle
Conduct the pulse @ the femoral artery
Vascular lacuna found here
Femoral vein for IV injections
What is the deep group of the hindlimb?
Internal Obturator, gemelli, Quadratus femoris
Internal Obturator
The IO tendon crosses the gemelli
Bursa between tendon and lesser ischiatic arch
Articularis Coxae
Sitting on the hip joint cavity
Reflect the deep gluteal
The caudal hamstring group of the of the hip
Extend from the ischial tuber to proximal and distal stifle
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
What are the muscles attached to the common calcaneon tendon
Gastrocnemius
Gracilis
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Super digital flexor
Clinical Significance of the biceps femoris
IM injection given on the back of the muscle
What do you want to be careful of in the biceps femoris?
For an IM injection, hitting the sciatic nerve because it will give temporary paralysis
What is the clinical significance of the semitendinosus?
Insertion is the “string of ham”
Popliteal fossa and lymph node in the gap
What muscles causes the most propulsion to an animal?
Semimembranosus
Soleus muscle
In the cat only!!
Attaches to the common calcaneon tendon
Extend the tarsal joint
Reciprocal mechanism
Movements of the stifle and hock move in unison
Important components of the hip joint
‘Ligament of the femoral head’- has intracapsular ligament, attach to the head of the femor and fovea capitis
Transverse acetabular ligament- deep socket but if shallow the animal will have hip problems
Surgical approach for hip dysplasia
Craniolateral direction between the tensor fascia and biceps femoris
Exposes the proximal vastus lateralis (articularis coxae)
Enter the joint cavity
What are the endangered structures with hip dysplasia surgery?
Sciatic nerve and caudal gluteal vessels
Caudal from incision
Total hip replacement
Cement mantel surrounding the femoral and acetabular prosthesis (artificial` body part)
Chacteristics of the quadriceps femoris
Principal extensor
Weight bearing muscle, if not the stifle will collapse
Characteristics of the quadriceps femoris
Principal stifle extensor
Weight bearing muscle, if not the stifle will collapse
4 parts: Vastus lateralis, v. medialis, v. intermedialis, rectus femoris
I/M injections
Analogy to the triceps brachii
Femoral fractures
Most commonly fractures bone
Breaks occur mid-shaft
Complicated by the lower fragment displaced caudally by the pull of the gastrocnemius
Repaired by intramedullary pinning
Surgical approach for femoral fraction
Lateral approach is the most convenient
Incision of the skin, fascia lata
Biceps femoris is reflected caudally
Reflecting vastus lateralis cranially exposes the shaft `
Venipuncture
- Cephalic vein (thoracic, arm)
- Jugular vein (neck)
- Saphenous vein (pelvic, thigh and leg)
- Femoral vein (femoral triangle)
Saphenous Vein
3rd place of venipuncture
Well secured due to fascia
Used for intravenous injections
What is the normal stance of the stifle joint?
Flexed in standing posture
140 degrees
How many injections do you need for the stifle joint
1 injection for the 3 compartments
Clincial significance in the stifle joint
Cranial and cruciate rupture
Most susceptible to injury
Cranial ligament torn during _______
Hyperextension
Caudal ligament torn during _______
hyperflexing
How do you test a cranial cruciate rupture?
By stabilizing femur and moving tibia cranially or caudally
