Thinking Flashcards

1
Q

Verb

  1. To evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of.
  2. 1 Calculate or estimate the price or value of.
  3. 2 Set the value of a tax, fine, etc., for (a person or property) at a specified level.

«Комитет должен оценить относительную важность вопросов»

«ущерб был оценен в 5 миллиардов фунтов стерлингов»

«все пустые объекты будут оценены в 50 процентов»

A

To Assess

“the committee must assess the relative importance of the issues”

“the damage was assessed at £5 billion”

“all empty properties will be assessed at 50 per cent”

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2
Q

Verb

сбивать с толку, ставить в тупик

необъяснимое событие, которое озадачило всех

Это был удивительный поворот, который, должно быть, оставил всех сбитыми с толку и озадаченный

«Теперь я знаю, что все остальные так же озадачены, как и я, необходимость объяснения кажется менее актуальной».

A

To Baffle

an unexplained occurrence that baffled everyone

‘It was an amazing turnabout that must have left everyone baffled and bewildered

‘Now I know that everyone else is as baffled as me, the need for an explanation seems less pressing.’

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3
Q

Adjective

1) лицеприятный, необъективный, предвзятый, предубеждённый, пристрастный, тенденциозный
unfairly prejudiced for or against someone or something.

— Освещение новостей проявило проправительственные тенденции. /Освещение новостей было явно на стороне правительства

A

Biased

News reports were heavily biased towards the government.

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4
Q

Verb

размышлять, обдумывать, продумывать
look thoughtfully for a long time at.
1.1 Think about.
1.2 no object - Think deeply and at length.

— Он подумывал, не уйти ли ему в отставку.
— размышлять над проблемой
— правительство рассматривает вопрос о реформе всей системы налогообложения

A

To Contemplate

He contemplated resigning.
to contemplate a problem
the government contemplates reforming the entire tax system

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5
Q

Verb

выводить, делать вывод, 
arrive at (a fact or a conclusion) by reasoning; draw as a logical conclusion.

— Судя по возрасту её сына, ей должно быть не меньше пятидесяти лет.
— эти цифры дают основание сделать вывод о том, что ..
— на основании этой информации мы пришли к заключению, что …

A

To Deduce

From her son’s age, I deduce that she is 50 at least.

from these figures we can deduce that..

on the basis of the evidence we deduced that ..

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6
Q

Verb

1) обдумывать, размышлять; оставлять время для (глубокого) размышления
engage in long and careful consideration.

— думать о том, стоит ли принять предложение перейти на новую работу
— он закрылся в своей комнате, чтобы хорошенько всё обдумать.

— обдумывать/обсуждать что-л.

A

To Deliberate

to deliberate on whether or not to accept a new job

He shut himself up in his apartment to deliberate.

to deliberate about/on/over

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7
Q

Adjective

1) вызывающий сомнения, опасения; сомнительный; неопределённый, неясный; неоднозначный
2) колеблющийся, нерешительный, неуверенный, сомневающийся

— очень подозрительная компания
— Она вопросительно подняла брови.
— двусмысленное предложение, -ый комплимент

A

Dubious

very dubious company

She raised her eyebrows with a dubious expression.

a dubious suggestion/compliment

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8
Q

Noun

догадки, предположения
the process or results of guessing.

— всё это (беспочвенные) догадки
— Вопрос о том, кто заложил бомбу, остается вопросом догадок.

A

A Guesswork

this is all mere guesswork

The question of who planted the bomb remains a matter of guesswork.

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9
Q

Noun

предчувствие, подозрение
a feeling or guess based on intuition rather than known facts.

— поступать, руководствуясь интуицией
— У меня есть подозрение, что она не придёт.
— Она сделала это интуитивно.

A

A Hunch

to play a hunch
I have a hunch that she will not come.
She did it on a hunch.

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10
Q

Adjective

остроумный, изобретательный
(of a person) clever, original, and inventive.

— Она проявила изобретательность и очень быстро решила проблему

— изобретательный ум an
— хитроумное изобретение, оригинальный план
— остроумное решение, -ый ответ

A

Ingenious

It was ingenious of her to solve the problem so quickly.

an ingenious mind
an ingenious invention/plan
an ingenious decision/reply

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11
Q

Adjective

похожий на правду, правдоподобный (о каком-л. высказывании) ;
внушающий доверие (о внешности, поведении) ; вполне убедительный (об информации)

— более правдоподобное объяснение
— аргумент был в одинаковой степени силен и убедителен
— Можно смело предполагать, что они не примут наше приглашение.

A

plausible

more plausible explanation
the argument was both powerful and plausible
It is plausible to assume that they will not accept our invitation.

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12
Q

Verb

Think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion.

1) обдумывать, взвешивать, обдумывать
2) (…. on / over) размышлять (над чем-л.)

— Директор всё ещё думает, целесообразно ли подписывать контракт.
— они подумывают о выводе своих офисов за пределы Лондона

A

To Ponder

The director is still pondering over the wisdom of accepting the contract.

they’re pondering moving their offices outside London

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13
Q

Noun
запрос, вопрос
a question, especially one addressed to an official or organization.

— задать вопрос о чём-л.
— отвечать на вопрос
— У нас есть несколько вопросов по доставке.

A

A Query

to raise a query about smth.
to answer a query
We have a number of queries regarding delivery.

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14
Q

Verb

спрашивать, осведомляться
ask a question about something, especially in order to express one’s doubts about it or to check its validity or accuracy.

— расспрашивать кого-л. о ком-л. / чём-л.
— Я должен проконсультироваться насчёт вашего предложения с директором - мне кажется, что оно не вполне приемлемо.

A

To Query

to query smb. about smb./ smth.

I must query your suggestion with the director, it doesn’t seem completely suitable.

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15
Q

Verb

считать, думать
establish by counting or calculation; calculate.

— подсчитывать стоимость чего-л.
— мне рассчитывают зарплату с первого числа

а) полагать, рассматривать, считать,

— Он считался одним из самых богатых торговцев в городе.
— я думаю/полагаю, она скоро придёт

A

To reckon

to reckon up the cost of
my pay is reckoned from the 1st of the month

He was reckoned one of the richest merchants in the city. I reckon she’ll come soon

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16
Q

Noun
1. a conception of or belief about something
2. a belief or idea
а) идея, представление, понятие, знание

— Он совсем не понимал, что я имел в виду.
— широко распространённое мнение
— более ясное/слабое/странное представление (о чём-л.)

A

Notion

He didn’t have the slightest notion of what I meant.
widespread notion
a clearer/vague/strange notion

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17
Q

verb

  1. suppose to be the case, without proof.
  2. предполагать
  3. принимать

— допустим, что …
— Общая длина нашего маршрута предположительно около двух миль.

A

To Assume

let us assume that …
The entire length of our route is assumed to be about two miles.

18
Q

Verb

Focus all one’s attention on a particular object or activity.

— Потише, я пытаюсь сосредоточиться на своей работе.

A

To Concentrate

Please be quiet, I’m trying to concentrate on my work.

19
Q

Verb

Think carefully about (something), typically before making a decision.

  1. 1 Think about and be drawn towards (a course of action)
  2. 2 Believe to be; think.
  3. 3 (with object and complement) Regard (someone or something) as having a specified quality.

— Мы рассматривали его как возможного кандидата.

— Она думала, не уволиться ли ей.

— Я считал его круглым дураком.

A

To Consider

We considered him as a possible candidate.
She considered resigning.
I considered him as a fool.

20
Q

Adjective

Believing that people are motivated purely by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.

  1. 1 Doubtful as to whether something will happen or whether it is worthwhile.
  2. 2 Contemptuous; mocking.

Concerned only with one’s own interests and typically disregarding accepted standards in order to achieve them.

A

Cynical

‘he was brutally cynical and hardened to every sob story under the sun’

‘most residents are cynical about efforts to clean mobsters out of their city’

‘he gave a cynical laugh’

‘a cynical manipulation of public opinion’

21
Q

NOUN

A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable.

  1. 1 A difficult situation or problem.
  2. 2 Logic - An argument forcing an opponent to choose either of two unfavourable alternatives.

— разрешить дилемму
— стоять перед дилеммой

A

A Dilemma

‘he wants to make money, but he also disapproves of it: Den’s dilemma in a nutshell’

‘the insoluble dilemma of adolescence’

to resolve a dilemma
to be in / face a dilemma

22
Q

VERB

Recognize a distinction; differentiate.
1.1 with object - Perceive or constitute the difference in or between.

Make an unjust or prejudicial distinction in the treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, sex, or age.

A

To discriminate

‘babies can discriminate between different facial expressions’

‘features that discriminate this species from other gastropods’

‘existing employment policies discriminate against women’

23
Q

VERB

Roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of.

  1. оценивать
  2. прикидывать

Syn: roughly calculate, approximate, guess

A

To Estimate

‘the aim is to estimate the effects of macroeconomic policy on the economy’

with clause -‘it is estimated that smoking causes 100,000 premature deaths every year’

24
Q

NOUN

An approximate calculation or judgement of the value, number, quantity, or extent of something.

  1. 1 A written statement indicating the likely price that will be charged for specified work or repairs.
  2. 2 A judgement of the worth or character of someone or something.
A

An Estimate

‘at a rough estimate, staff are recycling a quarter of paper used’

‘compare costs by getting estimates from at least two firms’

‘his high estimate of the poem’

25
Q

NOUN

Complete trust or confidence in someone or something.

Strong belief in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual conviction rather than proof.

A

A Faith

‘this restores one’s faith in politicians’

‘bereaved people who have shown supreme faith’

26
Q

Verb

собирать

come/bring together
to bring things together that have been spread around
to collect information from different sources

A

To Gather

Detectives have spent months gathering evidence.
People slowly gathered their belongings and left the hall.

27
Q

Noun

extraordinary intellectual power especially as manifested in creative activity

a person endowed with extraordinary mental superiority

A

A Genius

Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton were great scientific geniuses.

28
Q

Verb

схватывание

to understand something completely

A

To Grasp

Grasp something They failed to grasp the importance of his words.

Grasp how, why, etc… She was unable to grasp how to do it.

Grasp that… It took him some time to grasp that he was now a public figure.

29
Q

Noun

a : a manner or the content of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture
b : the integrated assertions, theories and aims that constitute a sociopolitical program
c : a systematic body of concepts especially about human life or culture

A

An Ideology

While that ideology might be tempting to believe, the truth is losing weight or getting in the best shape of our lives may not result in making us happier people.

30
Q

Noun

вдохновение, воодушевление

b : the action or power of moving the intellect or emotions
c : the act of influencing or suggesting opinions

— вызывать, пробуждать вдохновение
— Её пример вдохновлял молодёжь.
— Что вдохновило его это сделать?

A

An Inspiration

to give / offer / provide inspiration

Her example was an inspiration to young people.

What gave him the inspiration to do it?

31
Q

Noun

the ability to know something by using your feelings rather than considering the facts

— интуитивно
— обладать сильно развитой интуицией
— руководствоваться интуицией
— у него было предчувствие, что

A

An Intuition

by intuition
to have great powers of intuition
to be guided by intuition
he had an intuition that

32
Q

Verb

1) оправдывать; находить оправдание; извинять; объяснять
to show that somebody/something is right or reasonable

— оправдывать действия правительства/чьё-л. поведение/возросшие расходы на что-л.
— такой грубости нет оправдания

A

To justify

to justify a government’s actions/smb’s conduct/increased expenditure on
nothing can justify such rudeness

33
Q

Adjective

lacking experience of life, knowledge or good judgement and willing to believe that people always tell you the truth

A

Naive

to be politically naive
I can’t believe you were so naive as to trust him!

34
Q

Adjective

expecting good things to happen or something to be successful; showing this feeling

A

Optimistic

We are now taking a more optimistic view.
in an optimistic mood

35
Q

Noun

[countable] a person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange

[countable, uncountable] a statement containing two opposite ideas that make it seem impossible or unlikely, although it is probably true; the use of this in writing

A

A Paradox

He was a paradox—a loner who loved to chat to strangers.

It is a curious paradox that professional comedians often have unhappy personal lives.

It’s a work full of paradox and ambiguity.

36
Q

Adjective

expecting bad things to happen or something not to be successful; showing this

A

Pessimistic

They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning.
a pessimistic view of life

37
Q

Adj

having an unreasonable dislike of or preference for somebody/something, especially based on their race, religion, sex, etc.

against/in favor of somebody/something

A

Prejudiced

Few people will admit to being racially prejudiced.
They are prejudiced against older applicants.

38
Q

Verb

предполагать, полагать
to suppose that something is true, although you do not have actual proof

Syn: assume, suppose, expect

— я полагаю, вы знаете, почему я здесь
— по тому, как они говорили, можно было предположить, что они женаты
— считаться погибшим

A

To Presume

They are very expensive, I presume?
‘Is he still abroad?’ ‘I presume so.’

I presume you know why I am here

from the way they talked I presumed them to be married

to be presumed dead

39
Q

Verb

to show the image of somebody/something on the surface of something such as a mirror, water or glass

to think carefully and deeply about something
( ….. (up)on) раздумывать, размышлять над (чем-л.)

— серьёзно, глубоко размышлять
— Он подумал и пришёл к выводу, что не имел права так поступать.

— В воде отражались облака.
— По пульсу можно определить, хорошо ли работает сердце.

A

To Reflect

to reflect closely / seriously
He reflected that he had no right to do this.

The clouds were reflected in the water.
The pulse reflects the condition of the heart.

40
Q

Adj.

Having doubts that a claim or statement is true or that something will happen

— Он скептически относился к гипнозу.
— скептические замечания
— относиться к чему-л. скептически

A

Sceptical / Skeptical

He was sceptical about hypnotism.
sceptical remarks
to be sceptical about

41
Q

Verb

to form an opinion about something without knowing all the details or facts

— размышлять о чём-л.
— Она размышляла о будущем Чарли
— предполагать, что соглашение будет достигнуто

A

To Speculate

to speculate about / (up)on smth.
She was speculating about Charlie’s future.
to speculate that an agreement will be reached

42
Q

Verb

to think or believe that something is true or possible (based on the knowledge that you have)

полагать, предполагать
Syn. Presume

— Мы полагаем, что ситуация улучшится.
— Я думал, что он за границей.

A

To Suppose

Getting a visa isn’t as simple as you might suppose.
Prices will go up, I suppose.

We suppose that the situation will improve.
I supposed him to be abroad.