Thigh Flashcards
Is the intercondylar fossa found on the anterior or posterior side of the femur?
Intercondylar fossa is on the posterior side of the femur
Which condyles of the femur are closest to the patellar surface?
The lateral and medial condyles are closest to the patellar surface
Which condyles of the femur are located above another set of condyles?
The lateral and medial epicondyles
Which condyles of the femur are located above another set of condyles?
The lateral and medial epicondyles
Where is the adductor tubercle found on the femur?
Just above the medial epicondyle
Where is the adductor tubercle found on the femur?
Just above the medial epicondyle
What is the area between the lateral and medial condyle on the anterior tibia called?
Anterior intercondylar area
What is the area between the lateral and medial condyle on the posterior surface of the tibia called?
Posterior intercondylar area
Where is the tibial tuberosity located on the tibia?
On the anterior side of tibia below the condyles
Why is the top of the tibia flattened?
For weightbearing, easier to increase the load
Name the ligament which attached to the tibial tuberosity
Patella ligament
Name the ligament which attached to the tibial tuberosity
Patella ligament
Is the fibula a part of the knee joint?
No!
What part of the fibula articulates with the tibia?
The apex of the fibula
Does the fibula have a head and a neck?
Yes it does!
How does the rotation of hind limbs affect which muscles are ventral and which are dorsal?
The whole leg has to rotate for the foot to be facing forwards. Means the dorsal muscles become the anterior and lateral parts of the leg and ventral muscles become the posterior and medial parts of the leg.
What is different about the rotation in the front limb and hind limb?
For the fingers of front limb to face forward it is only the forearm that rotates and pronates. However for movement to be possible the entire hindlimb has to rotate.
What compartments of the thigh are dorsal?
Anterior
What compartments of the thigh are ventral?
Posterior and Medial
What compartments of the leg are dorsal?
Anterior and Lateral
What compartments of the leg are ventral?
Posterior
How many muscles are part of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
6
Name the 6 muscles that are a art of the anterior compartment of the thigh
Iliopsoas
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Which 2 large muscles make up the iliopsoas muscle?
Psoas major
Iliacus
What is the origin of iliopsoas?
Psoas major - posterior abdominal wall T12-L5
Iliacus - iliac fossa
What is the insertion of iliopsoas?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
What innervates iliopsoas?
Psoas major - Anterior rami L1,2,3
Iliacus - L2,3, branches of femoral nerve
What is the action of iliopsoas?
Flexes thigh at the hip joint
Assists with lateral rotation at hip joint
In which direction will psoas major pull the femur in a femoral neck fracture?
It will laterally rotate it
Which 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of thigh make up quadriceps femoris tendon?
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
What is the origin of vastus medialis?
Medial part of intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
What is the insertion of vastus medialis?
Quadricep femoris tendon
What innervates vastus medialis?
Femoral nerve L2,3,4
What is the action of vastus medialis?
Extends leg at the knee
What is the origin of vastus intermedius?
Upper 2/3rds of anterior and lateral femur
What is the insertion of vastus intermedius?
Quadriceps femoris tendon
What innervates vastus intermedius?
Femoral nerve L2,3,4
What is the action of vastus intermedius?
Extends the leg at the knee
What is the origin of vastus lateralis?
Lateral intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
What is the insertion of vastus lateralis?
Quadriceps femoris tendon
What innervates vastus lateralis?
Femoral nerve L2,3,4
What is the actions of vastus lateralis?
Extends the leg at the knee
What is the origin of rectus femoris?
Anterior inferior iliac spine - straight head
Ilium above the acetabulum - reflected head
What is the insertion of rectus femoris?
Quadriceps femoris tendon
What innervates the rectus femoris?
Femoral nerve L2,3,4
What is the action of rectus femoris?
Extend the leg at the knee and flexes the thigh at the hip
What is the action of rectus femoris?
Extend the leg at the knee and flexes the thigh at the hip
Which nerve roots of the femoral nerve are a min part of the quadricep femoris tendon?
L3,4
Where does the quadriceps femoris tendon insert?
Onto the patella
What is the origin of sartorius?
Anterior superior iliac spine
What is the insertion of sartorius?
Medial surface of tibia
What innervates sartorius?
Femoral nerve L2,3
What is the action of sartorius?
Flexion, abduction, lateral rotation of hip joint
Flexion on knee joint
What is the origin of pectineus?
Pectineal line on pubis
What is the insertion of pectineus?
Lesser trochanter to the linea aspera on posterior femur
What is the innervation of pectineus?
Femoral nerve
What is the action of pectineus?
Adduction and flexion at hip joint
Which muscle from anterior compartment of thigh is more superficial?
Sartorius
Which is the longest muscle in the body?
Sartorius
Which muscle in the anterior compartment of thigh forms the base of the femoral triangle?
Pectineus
Which reflex is used to test the integrity of nerve roots L3 + 4?
Tendon jerk reflex
What is the posterior compartment of the thigh also known as?
The hamstrings
Name the 3 muscle that make up the ‘hamstrings’?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Name the 3 muscle that make up the ‘hamstrings’?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Which is more superficial, vastus intermedius or vastus medialis?
Vastus medialis is more superficial than vastus intermedius
Which is more superficial, semitendinosus or semimembranosus?
Semitendinosus is more superficial to semimembranosus
Which is more superficial, semitendinosus or semimembranosus?
Semitendinosus is more superficial to semimembranosus
What is the origin of biceps femoris?
Ischial tuberosity - long head
Lateral lip of linea aspera - short head
What is the insertion of the biceps femoris?
Head of the fibula (on anterior side moves from the right side)
What innervates biceps femoris?
Sciatic L5,S1,2:
Tibial division - long head
Common fibular division - short head
What is the action of biceps femoris?
Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee joint
Extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
Which main nerve runs directly underneath the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles?
Sciatic nerve
What is the origin of semitendinosus?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of semitendinosus?
Medial surface of proximal tibia (on anterior side moves from the left side)
What innervates semitendinosus?
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve L5,S1,2
What is the action of semitendinosus?
Flexes and medially rotates leg at the knee joint
Extends and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
What is the origin of the semimembranosus?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of the semimembranosus?
Medial and posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle (on anterior side from the left)
What innervates semimembranosus?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve L5,S1,2
What is the action of semimembranosus?
Flexes and medially rotates the leg and knee joint
Extends and medially rotates thigh at the hip joint
Name the only part of the posterior compartment of the thigh that is not innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve
Short head of the biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic nerve)
What is another name for the medial compartment of the thigh?
Hip adductors
How many muscles are part of the medial compartment of the thigh?
6
Name the 6 ‘hip adductors’
Adductor Magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Obturator externus
Gracicilis
Pectineus
What is the origin of gracilis?
Pubis and ischiopubic ramus
What is the insertion of gracilis?
Medial surface of the proximal tibia
What innervates gracilis?
Obturator nerve L2,3
What is the action of gracilis?
Adducts thigh at hip
Flexes leg at the knee
What is the action of gracilis?
Adducts thigh at hip
Flexes leg at the knee
What is the origin of adductor longus?
Anterior surface of pubis
What is the insertion of adductor longus?
Linea aspera on the middle third of the femur
What innervates the adductor longus?
Obturator nerve L2,3,4
What is the action of adductor longus?
Adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint
What is the origin of adductor brevis?
Body of the pubis and inferior pubis ramus
What is the insertion of adductor brevis?
Posterior femoral surface, upper linea aspera
What innervates the adductor brevis?
Obturator nerve L2,3
What is the action of adductor brevis?
Adducts the thigh at the hip joint
What is the origin on obturator externes?
External surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
What is the insertion of obturator externus?
The trochanteric fossa (in-between the trochanters)
What innervates the obturator externus?
Obturator externus L2,3,4
What is the action of obturator externus?
Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip
What is the origin of adductor magnus?
Ischiopubic ramus (adductor part)
Ischial tuberosity (hamstring part)
What is the insertion of adductor magnus?
Posterior femur, upper linea aspera, medial supracondylar line (adductor part)
Adductor tubercle (hamstring part)
What innervates adductor magnus?
Obturator nerve L2,3,4 (adductor part)
Tibial division of sciatic nerve L2,3,4 (hamstring part)
What is the action of adductor magnus?
Adducts, extends and medially rotates thigh at the hip joint
What is the location of the adductor hiatus?
Between the adductor part of adductor magnus and hamstring part of the adductor magnus, infero-medial part of femur
What passes through the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Name the 2 muscles in the medial compartment of thigh that are not innervated by the obturator nerve
Pectineus
Hamstring part of adductor magnus
What is the area used to test for L1?
The inguinal ligament
What is the ares used to test for L2?
Lateral side of thigh
What dermatome does the lower medial side of thigh test?
L3
What dermatome does the medial side of the leg test?
L4
What dermatome does the medial side of digit 2 test?
L5
What area tests for S1?
sole of foot
What area tests for S2?
Back of the thigh
What dermatome does the skin of the gluteal fold test?
S3
What is the superior border of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Medial border of adductor longus
What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
Medial border of sartorius
What is the floor of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus, pectineus, iliopsoas
What is the roof of the femoral triangle?
Fascia lata
What connects the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor canal?
Adductor canal
What connects the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor canal?
Adductor canal
List the contents of the femoral triangle
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics
Fat
What vein the the great saphenous vein drain into?
Femoral vein
What structures in the femoral triangle are contained within the femoral sheath?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal
What is the femoral canal?
A medial compartment of the femoral sheath containing lymphatics and fat
Where is the femoral ring located?
At the top of the femoral sheath
What is the lateral boundary of the femoral ring?
Femoral vein
What is the medial boundary of the femoral ring?
Lacunar ligament
What is the anterior boundary of the femoral ring?
Inguinal ligament
What is the posterior boundary of the femoral ring?
Pectineus
Through which opening does the great saphenous vein join the femoral vein?
Saphenous opening in the fascia late
The femoral ring is ______ to the femoral artery and vein
Medial
What is a femoral hernia?
Intestine passing into the femoral canal - may exit through the saphenous opening and become strangulated
In which sex are femoral hernias more common?
Females
Describe where the femoral pulse can be palpated?
Inferior to where the femoral artery passes across the inguinal ligament
Give an example of a surgery in which the femoral triangle is clinically relevant
Coronary angiography - femoral artery catheterised, can navigate all the way to coronary vessels from here
Name the major artery of the thigh
Femoral artery
Name the deep artery that branches from the femoral artery
Profunda femoris
Name 2 main branches of the profound femoris
Lateral circumflex arteries
Medial circumflex arteries
Which compartment of the thigh does the lateral circumflex artery of the thigh supply?
Anterior compartment
What compartment of the thigh does the medial circumflex artery of the thigh supply?
Medial compartment
What branches of the profunda femoris supply the [psterior compartment of the thigh?
3-4 perforating branches that come from the profunda femoris
From which artery do the superior and inferior gluteal artery rise from?
Internal iliac artery
From artery does the femoral artery come from?
External iliac artery
What does the femoral artery become when it passes through the adductor hiatus?
Popliteal artery
What is the pet anserinus ligament?
Medial ligament of the knee that inserts on the medial part of the tibia
Name the 3 muscle tendons that form the pet anserinus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Name the 3 muscle tendons that form the pet anserinus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Which compartment of the thigh does the obturator artery supply?
Medial compartment
The obturator artery is a branch of the ________ _____ artery
Internal iliac
What does the obturator artery divide into after the acetabular branch comes off from it?
An anterior and posterior branches
Name the 4 main arteries part of the cruciate anastomoses of the hip
Inferior gluteal artery
Lateral circumflex artery
Medial circumflex artery
First branch of perforating artery
What is the great saphenous vein a union of?
Union of the dorsal venous arch and dorsal vein of big toe
Which layer of the skin is the great saphenous vein contained in the thigh?
Superficial fascia pf the medial ankle, leg, thigh
The superficial lymph of the leg drains to the ___________ ________ nodes, then to the external iliac nodes
Superficial inguinal nodes
Where does the lower part of the small saphenous vein terminate?
Lateral side of the dorsal venous arch
Does the small saphenous vein penetrate the deep fascia or not?
Yes it does!
Which vein does the small saphenous vein join to before joining the femoral vein?
Popliteal vein
Which vein does the small saphenous vein join to before joining the femoral vein?
Popliteal vein
What feature of the perforating veins allows blood to only flow from the superficial to deep veins?
Valves
The deep lymph of the leg drains to the ____ ________ nodes then to the external iliac nodes
Deep inguinal nodes
Which nerve roots does the tendon jerk reflex test for?
Tendon jerk reflex
