Arm, Elbow and Cubital Fossa Flashcards
What is the origin of the biceps brachii?
Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula - long head
Coracoid process - short head
What is the insertion of biceps brachii?
Radial tuberosity
What innervates the biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the action of biceps brachii?
Flexion of arm and forearm, powerful supination
What is the name of the connective tissue that fans out medially from the insertion tendon of the bicep?
Bicep aponeurosis
What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?
Coracoid process
What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?
Medial aspect of humerus
What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the action of coracobrachialis?
Flexion and adduction of arm and shoulder
What condition occurs when the long head of biceps tendon is torn?
Popeye muscle
If the arm is flexed what muscle is the main supinator?
Biceps brachii
What arm is fully extended then which muscle is responsible for supination?
Supinator
What is the origin of brachialis?
Anterior aspect of humerus
What is the insertion of brachialis?
Ulnar tuberosity
Anterior surface of the coronoid process of ulna
What innervates brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
What is the action of brachialis?
Powerful flexion of forearm
Which anterior muscle of arm lies deep to biceps brachii?
Brachialis
How many heads of the triceps are there?
3 heads (medial, long, lateral)
What is the origin of the triceps?
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula - long head
Posterior surface of humerus above radial groove - lateral head
Inferior to radial groove - medial head
What is the insertion of triceps?
Olecronon process of ulna
What innervates the triceps?
Radial nerve
What is the action of the triceps?
Extension of the arm and forearm
What is the action of the triceps?
Extension of the arm and forearm
Which 2 joints does the tricep cross?
The shoulder joint
The elbow joint
Which 2 structures pass between the lateral and medial head of the tricep muscles?
Radial nerve
Deep artery of the arm
What myotome is the triceps used to test?
C7
What is the name of the 2 distal ends of the humerus?
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
What does the head of radius insert into?
Capitulum
What does the trochlea notch at proximal end of ulna insert into?
Trochlea
Is the trochlea of ulna able to be viewed on the posterior side of humerus?
Yes, the trochlea is larger than the capitulum
What is the the process on the ulna that inserts onto the back of humerus?
Olecranon process
What is the the process on the ulna that inserts onto the back of humerus?
Olecranon process
What is the depression in which the olecranon process inserts into on the humerus?
Olecranon fossa
What fossa does the radius fit into when the elbow joint is flexed?
The radial fossa
What fossa does the ulna fit into when the elbow is flexed?
The coronoid fossa
What fits into the radial fossa?
Radial tuberosity
What fits into the coronoid fossa?
Coronoid process (of ulna)
What inserts into the radial notch on the proximal end of ulna?
The head of radius
What inserts into the radial notch on the proximal end of ulna?
The head of radius
What part of elbow forms the pointy edge?
Olecranon process
What nerve contributes to hitting your “funny bone”?
Ulnar nerve
List the 3 joints associated with the elbow joint?
1- Trochlea notch of ulna and humerus
2- Head of humerus and capitulum
3- Proximal radioulnar joint
In which position is the radius and ulna crossed?
Supinated
In which position is the radius and ulna crossed?
Supinated
What aids the cushioning of the fossae accommodating the radius and ulna on the humerus?
Fat pads
Is there are synovial membrane on the elbow joint?
Yes, there is !
How many ligaments are involved in the elbow joint?
3
List the 3 ligaments in the elbow joint
Radial collateral ligament
Ulna collateral ligament
Annular ligament
List the 3 ligaments in the elbow joint
Radial collateral ligament
Ulna collateral ligament
Annular ligament
Outline the position of radial collateral ligament
Spans from lateral epicondyle and blends with annular ligament of radius
Outline the position of ulnar collateral ligament
Spans from medial epicondyle and attaches to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna
Outline the position of the annular ligament
Loops around head of radius so it can rotate in the capitulum
In what age group is pulled elbow more common?
Children
Why are children more prone to pulled elbow?
The sides of the annular ligament are vertical, so if pulled then the radial head can come out of the ligament -> partial dislocation
What is a supracondylar fracture of elbow?
When the shaft of humerus breaks, the main and distal end are separated
What could happen tot he brachial artery in a supracondylar fracture?
It could be bowstrung and severed along the sharp ridge of the humerus
What could happen tot he brachial artery in a supracondylar fracture?
It could be bowstrung and severed along the sharp ridge of the humerus
What is epicondylitis?
Inflammation of the epicondyles
What is the common name for inflammation of the lateral epicondyle?
Tennis elbow
What is the common name for inflammation of the medial epicondyle?
Golf elbow
What is the common name for inflammation of the medial epicondyle?
Golf elbow
The longer the olecranon process, the more _____ effect of the triceps
Lever
Name the main artery of the arm
Brachial artery
What branch of the brachial artery supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?
Profunda brachii
Where does the brachial artery lie at the elbow?
Anterior to the elbow
What branches does the brachial artery give off at the humerus?
Profunda brachii
Superior ulnar artery
Inferior ulnar artery
What does the brachial artery divide into just below the elbow joint?
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
What 2 branches does the profound brachii divide into?
Radial collateral artery
Middle collateral artery
Which 2 branches of the brachial artery anastomose at the elbow?
Superior ulnar artery
Inferior ulnar artery
From which artery do the recurrent radial and ulnar arteries rise from?
The radial and ulnar arteries
How many interosseous arteries are there and name them
Anterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery
Common interosseous artery
Which 2 veins are present in the arm?
Cephalic vein (lateral)
Basilic vein (medial)
Does the cephalic vein pass over or under pectoralis minor?
It passes over pectoralis minor basilica vein passes over
Outline the pathway of the musculocutaneous nerve in the arm
Pierces through coracobrachialis
Runs between biceps and brachialis
Terminates as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
Which nerve innervates the whole anterior compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm give sensory innervation to?
Distal lateral forearm
Outline the pathway of the median nerve in the arm
Follows pathway of brachial artery
What is the name of the vein that crosses over the cubital fossa?
Median cubital vein
Outline the pathway of the ulnar nerve
Follows brachial artery proximally
Passes into the posterior compartment
At elbow joint it loops around the back of the medial epicondyle
Goes through Guyon’s Canal to the medial part of hand
Which cord of brachial plexus is the musculocutaneous nerve from?
Lateral cord
Which cord of brachial plexus is the median nerve from?
Medial and Lateral cord
Which cord of the brachial plexus is the ulnar nerve from?
Medial cord
Which cord of the brachial plexus is the radial nerve from?
Posterior cord
Which cord of the brachial plexus is the radial nerve from?
Posterior cord
Outline the pathway of the radial nerve
Follows profound brachii between lateral and medial tricep
Passes to anterior compartment between brachialis and brachioradialis
Passes anterior to lateral epicondyle
How many branches does the radial nerve give off?
2
Which nerve innervates all muscles of the posterior compartment and lateral part of brachialis?
Radial nerve
Which nerve is prone to injury in a fracture of the shaft of humerus?
Radial nerve
Which nerve is prone to injury and compression in the elbow joint?
Ulnar nerve
What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?
Medial border of Brachioradialis
What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?
Lateral border of pronator teres
What is the superior border of the cubital fossa?
Imaginary line between the epicondyles of humerus
What is the floor of the cubital fossa?
Brachialis muscle
What is the floor of the cubital fossa?
Brachialis muscle
What is the roof of the cubital fossa?
Skin and superficial fascia
Name the 4 structures within the cubital fossa
Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Which structure is most lateral in the cubital fossa?
Bicep tendon
Which structure is most medial in the cubital fossa?
Median nerve
Which 2 structures of cubital fossa are protected within the bicipital aponeurosis?
Brachial artery and Median nerve
Which 2 structures of cubital fossa are protected within the bicipital aponeurosis?
Brachial artery and Median nerve
Are there any veins in the cubital fossa?
No, they all lie superior to cubital fossa
How do you know if a cross section is taken near the elbow joint?
Humerus is flattened, ulnar nerve passes into the posterior compartment
