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Anatomy Y2 > Anatomy of Thyroid > Flashcards

Anatomy of Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Between which vertebrae is the thyroid found?

A

C5-T1

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2
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid have?

A

2, they are connected by an isthmus

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3
Q

Which 2 strap muscles are found anterior to the thyroid gland?

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

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4
Q

The thyroid is ________ to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

A

Inferior

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5
Q

What is the name of the fascia that encircles the thyroid, oesophagus and pharynx?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch does the inferior parathyroid gland rise from?

A

3rd

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7
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch does the superior parathyroid gland rise from?

A

4th

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7
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch does the superior parathyroid gland rise from?

A

4th

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8
Q

Where is the oesophagus in relation to the thyroid?

A

Posterior and medial to the thyroid

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9
Q

What is found lateral to the thyroid?

A

Carotid sheath

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10
Q

Name the structure in which the thyroid passes as it descends during development

A

Thyroglossal duct

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11
Q

What clinical significance does the thyroglossal duct have?

A

Cysts can occur here, which have to be surgically removed

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12
Q

Why is the thyroid highly vascularised?

A

Its function is to secrete hormones into the blood, therefore needs a good blood supply

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13
Q

Where are the two areas of blood supply targeting the thyroid gland?

A

1- Superior thyroid arteries branch from the external carotids
2- Inferior thyroid arteries rise from the thyrocervical trunk

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14
Q

Which branch is the superior thyroid from the external carotid artery?

A

It is the first branch

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15
Q

Which portions of the thyroid gland are supplied by the superior thyroid artery?

A

The superior and anterior portions

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16
Q

Which portions of the thyroid are supplied by the inferior thyroid artery?

A

Postero-inferior portions

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17
Q

Which neck muscles are supplied by there thyrocervical trunk?

A

Scalene muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

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18
Q

Which direction does the superior thyroid artery have to travel to reach the thyroid?

A

Inferiorly, descends towards thyroid

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19
Q

Which direction does the inferior thyroid artery travel to reach the thyroid?

A

Super-medially

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20
Q

What percentage of the population will also have the thyroid ima artery?

A

10%

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21
Q

Where does the thyroid ima artery rise from?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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22
Q

What does the thyroid ima artery supply?

A

The anterior surface of thyroid and isthmus

23
Q

Which 3 veins form a plexus to drain the thyroid?

A

Superior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid vein
Inferior thyroid vein

24
Which 2 thyroid veins from the plexus that drains the thyroid drain into the internal jugular vein?
Superior + middle
25
Which thyroid vein from the plexus that drains the thyroid drains into the brachiocephalic vein?
Inferior
26
Name the nerves that give innervation to the thyroid
Sympathetic trunk Recurrent laryngeal nerves -> from vagus CNX
27
Name the vagal nerves that innervate the larynx
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
28
Which laryngeal nerve hooks around subclavian artery?
Right recurrent laryngeal artery
29
Which laryngeal nerve hooks around the arch of the aorta?
Left recurrent laryngeal artery
30
The recurrent laryngeal nerve hook around the main arteries. Why is this important to consider during surgery on the thyroid?
Have to be careful to not ligate or damage the nerve when near the blood vessels.
31
Which are the 4 main lymphatic nodes that drain lymph from the thyroid?
Para-tracheal cervical lymph nodes Para-tracheal lymph nodes Pre-laryngeal lymph nodes Tracheal nodes
32
Which lymph nodes can lymph pass directly into in the drainage of the thyroid gland?
Deep cervical nodes
33
What are parathyroid glands?
Small endocrine glands that are located in the anterior neck
34
What is the function of the parathyroid hormone?
Produces parathyroid hormone (control of calcium and phosphate in the body)
35
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
On the posterior aspect of the lateral lobes of the thyroid
36
How many parathyroid glands are there?
4
37
What is the superior parathyroid gland embryonic origin?
4th pharyngeal pouch
38
What is the inferior parathyroid gland embryonic origin?
3rd pharyngeal pouch
39
What arteries supply the posterior aspect of the parathyroid gland?
Inferior thyroid arteries
40
Which arteries contribute to the collateral circulation of the parathyroid glands?
Superior thyroid arteries Thyroid ima artery Laryngeal artery Tracheal artery Oesophageal artery
41
Name the 2 lymphatic nodes that the lymph from the parathyroid glands can drain into?
Deep cervical nodes Para-tracheal lymph nodes
42
What is the main nervous supply to the parathyroid glands?
Thyroid branches of the cervical sympathetic ganglia
43
Is endocrine secretion form parathyroids conducted through nerves or hormonally?
Hormonally, the nervous supply is vasomotor, not secretomotor
44
What could happen if the parathyroid glands have to be removed from the neck during surgery?
It would cause serum levels of calcium to drop significantly, resulting in severe muscle twitches and cramps - could result in death
45
Remnants of which duct can fill with fluid to form thyroid cysts?
Thyroglossal ducts
46
What is a lingual thyroid?
Ectopic thyroid tissue that can be located along the route of the thyroglossal duct
47
What is a goitre?
AN enlarged thyroid gland, produces a swelling that does not rise above the thyroid cartilage
48
What is the main cause of goitres?
Iodine deficiency
49
Name other causes of goitres
Congenital hypothyroidism Autoimmune diseases Cancers of thyroid Disorders of hormonal organ system
50
Why does the goitre not rise above the thyroid cartilage?
The pre tracheal fascia hold it into place
50
Why does the goitre not rise above the thyroid cartilage?
The pre tracheal fascia hold it into place
51
Define lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes
52
Give examples of lymphadenopathies
Chronic tonsillitis Tuberculosis Carcinoma
53
What are branchial cysts and fistulae?
Located in the lateral neck, fluctuant, pain free one sided swellings
54
Why do branchial cysts occur?
When branchial clefts do not obliterate OR when branchial arches do not fuse properly in embryonic development
55
Where do branchial cysts usually occur?
On the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

Anatomy Y2 (18 decks)

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