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Anatomy Y2 > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Is the soleal line of tibia on the posterior or anterior side?

A

Posterior side

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2
Q

Is the groove for tibias posterior on the anterior or posterior side of the tibia?

A

Posterior, distal end

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3
Q

The groove for which muscle tendons are on the posterior distal side of the fibula?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

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4
Q

How many apertures are present on the interosseus membrane between the tibia and fibula?

A

2

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5
Q

What vessel passes through the proximal aperture of the interosseus membrane?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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6
Q

Which vessels pass through the distal aperture of the interosseus membrane?

A

Distal perforating branch of the fibular artery

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7
Q

Which leg bone makes up the medial malleolus?

A

Tibia

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8
Q

Which leg bone makes up the lateral malleolus?

A

Fibula

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9
Q

Is there muscle on the anterior surface of the tibia?

A

NO! This is why it hurts when pressure is put on the shin

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10
Q

What is the intersondylar eminence on the tibia?

A

Roughened area between the condyles of the tibia - fits into the intercondylar fossa of the femur

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11
Q

Name the 2 ligaments on the distal part of the tibia and femur

A

Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament

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12
Q

How many tarsal bones are there in the foot?

A

7

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13
Q

Name the tarsal bones of the foot

A

Calcaneous
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Medial cruneiform
Intermediate cruneiform
Lateral cruneiform

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14
Q

Which tarsal bone forms the ankle joint?

A

Talus

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15
Q

What us the name of the articulation point of talus with the tibia and fibula?

A

Trochlea

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16
Q

What us the name of the articulation point of talus with the tibia and fibula?

A

Trochlea

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17
Q

For which muscle does the cuboid have a groove for?

A

Fibularis longus

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18
Q

Which carpal bone has a groove for flexor hallucis longus?

A

Calcaneous

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19
Q

What type of flexion is occurring if the toes are pointed down?

A

Plantar flexion

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20
Q

What type of flexion is occurring if the toes are pointed up?

A

Dorsi flexion

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21
Q

What dermatomes are tested in plantar flexion?

A

S1+2

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22
Q

Whys is dorsi flexion more stable than plantar flexion?

A

The articular surfaces of the talus are narrower on the anterior part than the posterior part. This means that the medial and lateral malleolus can grip the talus stronger during dorsiflexion than plantarflexion.

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22
Q

Whys is dorsi flexion more stable than plantar flexion?

A

The articular surfaces of the talus are narrower on the anterior part than the posterior part. This means that the medial and lateral malleolus can grip the talus stronger during dorsiflexion than plantarflexion.

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23
Q

How many ligaments join the fibula and the talus?

A

3

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24
Q

Name the 3 ligaments joining the lateral malleolus and talus?

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

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25
Q

How many ligaments join the talus and medial malleolus?

A

5

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26
Q

Name the 5 ligaments joining the talus and medial malleolus?

A

Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar
Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
Spring ligament (Plantar calcaneonavicular)

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27
Q

Name 2 movements of the ankle

A

Inversion/Eversion
Pronation/Supination (moving foot left and right)

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28
Q

What causes ankle pain?

A

Torn ligaments on a weightbeaaring plantar flexed foot

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29
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

Posterior
Anterior
Lateral

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30
Q

Which compartments of the leg are ventral muscles?

A

Posterior

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31
Q

Which compartments oft he leg are dorsal muscles?

A

Anterior
Lateral

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32
Q

What is the function of the crural fascia?

A

Limits outward movement of muscles and aids the blood flow upwards

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33
Q

List what is found in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Dorsiflexors
Toe extensors
Inverters
Deep fibular nerve
Anterior tibial artery

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34
Q

List what is found in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Plantarflexors
Toe flexors
Inverters
Tibial nerve
Posterior tibial artery

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35
Q

List what is found in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Everters
Superficial fibular nerve
Perforating branches of anterior tibial and fibular arteries

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36
Q

How many muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

3

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37
Q

Name the 3 muscles in the superficial part of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

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38
Q

Why are the superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg also called triceps surae?

A

Because they all insert together as the achilles tendon

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39
Q

What is the origin of gastrocnemius?

A

Posterior surface of distal femur above medial condyle (medial head)
Lateral femoral condyle (lateral head)

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40
Q

What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?

A

Calcaneous tendon onto calcaneus

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41
Q

What innervates gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

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42
Q

What is the action of gastrocnemius?

A

Flexion of knee
Plantar flexion of foot

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43
Q

Which fatigues easier, gastrocnemius or soleus?

A

Gastrocnemius fatigues easier

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44
Q

What is the origin of plantaris?

A

Inferior lateral supracondylar line and popliteal tendon

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45
Q

What is the insertion of plantaris?

A

Calcaneous tendon onto calcaneous

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46
Q

What innervates plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve

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47
Q

What is the action of plantaris?

A

Flexes knee and plantarflexes the foot

48
Q

What is the origin of soleus?

A

Soleal line
Tendinous arch on posterior fibula

49
Q

What is the insertion of soleus?

A

Calcaneous tendon onto calcaneous

50
Q

What innervates soleus?

A

Tibial nerve

51
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A

Plantarflexion of the foot

52
Q

Outline how the soleus muscle can be tested in isolation

A

Plantarflexion against resistance whilst knee is bent 90 degrees (soleus does not act on knee)

53
Q

How many muscles are in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?

54
Q

Name the 4 deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

55
Q

What is the origin of tibialis posterior?

A

Posterior surface of interosseus membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula

56
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?

A

Navicular and medial cruneiform

57
Q

What innervates tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve

58
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

A

Plantarflexion
Inversion of foot
Supports medial arch

59
Q

What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Posterior fibular and interosseus membrane

60
Q

What is the insertion of flexor hallucinations longus?

A

Plantar surface of the distal phalanx of digit 1

61
Q

What innervates flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial nerve

62
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexion of the big toe

63
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Posterior tibia

64
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Plantar surface of distal phalanges digits 2-5

65
Q

What innervates flexor digitorum longus?

A

Tibial nerve

66
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexion of the 4 lateral toes

67
Q

How many muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

68
Q

Name the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

69
Q

What is the origin of tibialis anterior?

A

Lateral tibia and interosseus membrane

70
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

Medial cruneiform and base of metatarsal 1

71
Q

What innervates tibialis anterior?

A

Deep fibular nerve

72
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Supports medial arch

73
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Medial surface of proximal fibula and lateral tibial condyle

74
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Dorsal expansions of distal and middle phalanges of digit 2-5

75
Q

What is the innervation of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve

76
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Extension of digits 2-5
Dorsiflexion

77
Q

What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Medial surface of middle fibula and interosseus membrane

78
Q

What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Dissal surface of the base of distal phalanx of digit 1

79
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Extension of big toe
Dorsiflexion

80
Q

What is the origin of fibularis tertius?

A

Distal medial surface of fibula

81
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsomedial surface of the base of metacarpal 5

82
Q

What innervates fibularis tertius?

A

Deep fibular nerve

83
Q

What is the action of fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsiflexion
Eversion of foot

84
Q

What is the action of fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsiflexion
Eversion of foot

85
Q

Which 2 muscles of the anterior compartment of leg are more deep than the other 2?

A

Extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius are deep to tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

86
Q

How many muscles are part of the lateral compartment of the leg?

87
Q

Name the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

88
Q

What is the origin of fibularis longus?

A

Upper lateral surface of fibula

89
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis longus?

A

Plantar surface of medial cruneiform and metatarsal 1

90
Q

What innervates fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

91
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus?

A

Eversion of foot
Plantar flexion
Supports arches

92
Q

What is the origin of fibularis brevis?

A

Lower lateral surface of fibula shaft

93
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?

A

Base of metatarsal 5

94
Q

What innervates fibularis brevis?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

95
Q

What is the action of fibularis brevis?

A

Eversion of foot

96
Q

Does fibularis longus move on the dorsal or plantar surface of the foot?

A

Reaches medial cruneiform from the plantar surface of the foot

97
Q

Which muscle forms a tendinous arch on the posterior side of the leg?

98
Q

What does the popliteal artery divide into after the tendinous arch?

A

Anterior and Posterior tibial arteries

99
Q

How does the anterior tibial artery move to the anterior side of the leg?

A

It moves through a hole in the upper interosseus membrane

100
Q

What branch does the posterior tibial artery give off?

A

Fibular artery

101
Q

What artery joins the anterior tibial artery at the distal end of the tibia?

A

Perforating branch of the fibular artery joins the anterior tibial artery

101
Q

What artery joins the anterior tibial artery at the distal end of the tibia?

A

Perforating branch of the fibular artery joins the anterior tibial artery

102
Q

What angle does the anterior tibial artery have to move in order to pass through the tendinous arch?

A

Almost a 90 degree angle

103
Q

Which artery travels to the tarsal tunnel?

A

Posterior tibial artery

104
Q

What branches does the anterior tibial artery give off after the branch of fibular artery joins?

A

Divides into anterior medial malleolar artery
Anterior lateral malleolar artery

105
Q

What is the name of the continuation of the anterior tibial artery supplying the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis

106
Q

Where can posterior tibial artery by palpated?

A

Through the flexor retinaculum between the medial malleolus and calcaneous

107
Q

Where can dorsals pedis be palpated?

A

Dorsal surface of foot between tendons of extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus

108
Q

Blood always from from the superficial veins to the ____ veins

109
Q

Which nerve innervates entire posterior compartment of leg?

A

Tibial nerve

110
Q

What 2 branches come off the tibial nerve?

A

Sural nerve
Medial calcaneal nerve

111
Q

Does the tibial nerve pass through the tarsal tunnel?

112
Q

What does the sural nerve innervate?

A

Skin on lower posterolateral leg
Lateral side of foot

113
Q

What does the medial calcaneal nerve innervate?

A

Skin on medial foot and sole

114
Q

What branches does the common fibular nerve divide into?

A

Deep fibular nerve
Superficial fibular nerve

115
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

Anterior compartment of leg
Extensor digitorum brevis
2 dorsal interossei
Triangle of skin between first and second toe

116
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

A

Lateral compartment of leg
Dorsal foot

117
Q

From which nerve do the medial and lateral plantar nerve come from?

A

Posterior tibial nerve

Anatomy Y2 (18 decks)

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