Face and Mouth Flashcards
1
Q
Between which bones does the temporomandibular joint occur?
A
Condyles of the mandible and the temporal bone
2
Q
What is the name of the process at the front of the mandible?
A
Coronoid process
2
Q
What is the name of the process at the front of the mandible?
A
Coronoid process
3
Q
What is the mandibular notch?
A
The space between the condyle and coronoid process of the mandible
4
Q
What is the angle of the mandible?
A
Place where body and ramus of mandible are continuous at the angle of the jaw
4
Q
What is the angle of the mandible?
A
Place where body and ramus of mandible are continuous at the angle of the jaw
5
Q
Where is the pterygoid fovea on the mandible?
A
Inside of mandible in the groove of the condyle
6
Q
Name the 3 parts of the mandible
A
Body
Ramus
Alveolar process
7
Q
Where is the alveolar process on the mandible?
A
Located underneath the teeth
8
Q
What is another word for the chin?
A
Mental protuberance
9
Q
Name the foramen found in the anterior chin region of the mandible
A
Mental foramen
10
Q
Name the line present on the anterior surface of the mandible
A
Oblique line
10
Q
Name the line present on the anterior surface of the mandible
A
Oblique line
11
Q
Name the foramen found in the posterior are of the angle of the jaw
A
Mandibular foramen
12
Q
Name the foramen found in the posterior are of the angle of the jaw
A
Mandibular foramen
13
Q
How many muscles of mastication are there?
A
4
14
Q
Name the 4 muscles of mastication
A
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
15
Q
What is the origin of the masseter?
A
Undersurface of the zygomatic arch
16
Q
What is the insertion of the masseter?
A
Ramus at the anterior angle of the mandible
17
Q
What innervates masseter?
A
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
18
Q
What is the action of masseter?
A
Elevates mandible to occlude teeth
Causes protrusion of the jaw
19
Q
What is the origin of temporalis?
A
Temporal lines on side of skull
20
Q
What is the insertion of temporalis?
A
Moves underneath the zygomatic arch to attach to the coronoid process
21
Q
What innervates temporalis?
A
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
22
What is the action of temporalis?
Elevates mandible to occlude teeth
Causes retraction of the jaw
23
What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
24
What are the lateral and medial pterygoid plates?
Inferior projections of the sphenoid plate (underneath the greater wing of the sphenoid)
25
What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Medial surface of the mandibular angle
25
What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Medial surface of the mandibular angle
26
What innervates the medial pterygoid muscle?
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
27
What is the action of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Elevates and protrudes the mandible
28
What is the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (under greater wing of sphenoid)
29
What is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Neck of the condyle of the mandible
Neck of the temporomandibular joint
30
What innervates the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
31
What is the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Depresses and protrudes the mandible
Moves articular disc forward
32
What are the two movements involved of the jaw in chewing?
Movement of jaw upwards and downwards
Protrusion of jaw forwards and backwards
33
Name the compartments of the jaw in chewing?
Upper compartment
Lower compartment
34
How are the compartments of the jaw divided?
They are divided by a fibrocartilaginous articular disc
35
What are the borders of the temporal fossa?
Zygomatic arch, temporal and sphenoid bones on external part of the skull
36
Where is the infra temporal fossa located?
Between the pharynx and the ascending ramus of the mandible
37
What is the roof of the infra temporal fossa?
The greater wing of the sphenoid (base of skull)
37
What is the roof of the infra temporal fossa?
The greater wing of the sphenoid (base of skull)
38
What is the anterior border of the infratemporal fossa?
Pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone
39
What is the posterior border of the infratemporal fossa?
Styloid process and tympanic plate
40
Name the 2 cranial nerves found in the infratemporal fossa
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
41
Through which foramen of the skull does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve exit through?
Foramen ovale
42
What branch does the mandibular nerve give off when it exits foramen ovale?
Meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve
43
Through which foramen does the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve re enter the skull?
Foramen spinosum
44
What does the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve innervate?
The dura mater in the skull
45
What is the otic ganglion?
It is one of 4 peripheral parasympathetic ganglia that give parasympathetic innervation to the skull
46
Where is the otic ganglion located?
Immediately below the foramen ovale where the mandibular nerve also exits the foramen ovale
47
Where the the parasympathetic fibres of the otic ganglion innervate?
Innervates the parotid gland for salivation
48
What muscles does the anterior division of mandibular nerve give motor innervation to?
All muscles of mastication apart from the posterior belly of digastric
Tensor veli palatini muscle of the soft palate
49
What is the name of the only sensory nerve from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve?
Long buccal nerve
50
What does the long buccal nerve give sensory innervation to?
Inside and outside of the cheek
Rejoins the anterior division of the mandibular nerve in the infra temporal fossa
51
Is the posterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal mainly sensory or motor?
Mainly sensory fibres
51
Is the posterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal mainly sensory or motor?
Mainly sensory fibres
52
Name the nerve that innervates the tongue that originates from the posterior branch of mandibular division
Lingual nerve
53
What innervation does the lingual nerve give to the tongue?
Sensory innervation to anterior 2/3rds (taste)
53
What innervation does the lingual nerve give to the tongue?
Sensory innervation to anterior 2/3rds (taste)
54
Name the nerve from the posterior branch of mandibular division of trigeminal that innervates the lower lip, teeth and chin
Inferior alveolar nerve
55
Name a parasympathetic nerve that 'hitchhikes' with the lingual
Chorda tympani
56
From which cranial nerve is chords tympani a branch from?
Facial nerve
57
What does the inferior alveolar nerve become as it leaves the mental foramen of mandible?
Mental nerve
58
What muscles are innervated by the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve?
Mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
58
What muscles are innervated by the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve?
Mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
59
What is the only motor nerve of the posterior branch of the mandibular nerve?
The nerve that innervates the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
60
Name the nerve of the posterior branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal that innervates the temple, auricle and tympanic membrane
Auriculotemporal nerve
61
Is the auriculotemporal nerve of the posterior branch of mandibular have sensory or motor function?
It is a sensory nerve
62
Name the 2 cranial nerves that have fibres running in the infratemporal fossa
Trigeminal
Facial
63
Name the 2 main branches of the external carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
64
What are the 3 main branches of the maxillary artery?
Middle meningeal artery
Superior alveolar artey
Inferior alveolar artery
64
What are the 3 main branches of the maxillary artery?
Middle meningeal artery
Superior alveolar artey
Inferior alveolar artery
65
What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?
Body of mandible and pulp of teeth
Becomes the mental artery
66
What does the superior alveolar artery supply
Maxillary arch and jaw
67
What does the middle meningeal artery supply?
Dura mater and cranial bones
67
What does the middle meningeal artery supply?
Dura mater and cranial bones
68
What does the superficial temporal artery supply?
Forehead and scalp
69
Which plexus drains most the the facial structures and temporal region?
Pterygoid plexus
70
Which vein drains into the external jugular vein?
Retro mandibular vein
71
Name the vein that connects the pterygoid plexus to the cavernous sinus?
Facial vein
72
Why is the connection of the pterygoid plexus to the cavernous sinus significant?
Shows how infections of the teeth can spread to the brain region
73
What can happen to local anaesthetic applied to posterior superior alveolar nerves because of their proximity to pterygoid plexus?
The anaesthetic is placed into the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus instead
74
Is the temporomandibular joint synovial?
Yes!
74
Is the temporomandibular joint synovial?
Yes!
75
Name the 3 lobes of the parotid gland
Superficial lobe
Deep lobe
Glenoid lobe
76
Which important nervous structure passes close to the parotid gland?
Facial nerve CN7
77
What is the border of the roof of the mouth?
Hard and soft palate
78
What is the border of the floor of the mouth?
Mylohyoid muscle
79
What is the anterior boundary of the mouth?
Teeth and lips
80
What is the posterior boundary of the mouth?
Palatoglossal arches
81
Name the 2 potential spaces within the oral cavity
Buccal cavity
Oral cavity proper
81
Name the 2 potential spaces within the oral cavity
Buccal cavity
Oral cavity proper
82
What is the difference between the buccal cavity and the oral cavity proper?
In the oral cavity proper the teeth are occluded, they are not in the buccal cavity
83
Name the ridges present on the roof of the mouth
Rugae
84
Name the 2 arteries supplying the hard and soft palate
Greater palatine artery
Lesser palatine artery
85
How many muscles of the palate are there?
5
86
Name the 5 muscles of the palate
Levator palati
Tensor veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae
87
What nerve innervates the muscles of the palate apart form tensor veli palatini?
Pharyngeal plexus and laryngeal nerves
88
Which 2 muscles form the floor of the mouth?
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
88
Which 2 muscles form the floor of the mouth?
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
89
Name the 3 salivary glands?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
90
Name the nerve that lies below the submandibular salivary gland
Hyopglossal nerve CN12
91
Which nerve lies above the submandibular salivary gland?
Lingual nerve
92
Through which muscle does the parotid gland drain into the oral cavity?
Buccinator muscle
92
Through which muscle does the parotid gland drain into the oral cavity?
Buccinator muscle
93
What gives sympathetic innervation to the parotid glands?
Superior cervical ganglion
94
Which cranial nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland through the otic ganglion?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
95
What is the motor innervation of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)?
Innervates all muscles of the tongue NOT palatoglossus
96
Which cranial nerve loops around the external carotid artery?
Hypoglossal nerve
97
What nerve innervates the gums (gingivae)?
Lingual nerve
98
How many extrinsic muscles of the tongue are there?
2
99
Name the 2 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Geniohyoid
100
What is the origin of genioglossus?
Anterior part of the mandible
101
What is the insertion of genioglossus?
Undersurface of the tongue
102
What innervates genioglossus?
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
103
What is the action of genioglossus?
Protrusion and depression of tongue
Moves tip of tongue up and down
104
What is the origin of geniohyoid?
Anterior part of the mandible
105
What is the insertion of geniohyoid?
Hyoid bone
106
What innervates geniohyoid?
Hypoglossus nerve (XII)
107
What is the action of geniohyoid?
Pulls the hyoid upwards and forwards
107
What is the action of geniohyoid?
Pulls the hyoid upwards and forwards
108
How many intrinsic tongue muscles are there?
3
109
Name the 3 intrinsic tongue muscles
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyloglossus
110
What is the origin of styloglossus?
Styloid process
111
What is the insertion of styloglossus?
Back of the mouth - passes between the internal and external carotid artery
112
What innervates the styloglossus?
Hypoglossal nerve XII
113
What is the action fo the styloglossus?
Modifies shape of tongue, is attached to the styloid process
114
What is the raphia of the tongue?
The mucous membrane that is visible in the underside of the tongue
115
What is the palatine aponeurosis?
Where the muscles fo the soft palate attach to on the posterior edge of the hard palate
116
What is the origin of palatoglossus?
Palatine aponeurosis
117
What is the insertion of the palatoglossus?
Side of the tongue
118
What is the action of palatoglossus?
Raises the posterior part of the tongue
118
What is the action of palatoglossus?
Raises the posterior part of the tongue
119
What innervates palatoglossus?
Pharyngeal plexus and the laryngeal nerves
120
What is the origin of hyloglossus?
Sides of the hyoid
121
What is the insertion of hyloglossus?
Tongue
122
What is the action fo hyloglossus?
Pulls the tongue down in the mouth
123
What innervates hyloglossus?
Hypoglossal nerve XII
124
What is the sulcus terminalis of the tongue?
V shaped line between the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue
125
What is the foramen caecum on the tongue?
Pit in the midline of the tongue at apex of the sulcus terminalis (origin of primitive thyroid gland)
126
What is the frenulum of the tongue?
Median fold of mucous membrane beneath the tip of the tongue
127
What is the median glossoepiglottic fold of the tongue?
Midline fold of mucous membrane that passes back to the epiglottis
128
What is the gustatory epithelium of the tongue?
The name of the mucous membrane of the tongue
129
List the 4 different types of papillae on the tongue
Vallate papillae
Foliate papillae
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
129
List the 4 different types of papillae on the tongue
Vallate papillae
Foliate papillae
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
130
Is the lingual artery a branch of the internal or external carotid artery?
External carotid artery
131
Is the lingual artery a branch of the internal or external carotid artery?
External carotid artery
132
What 2 branches on lingual arteries does the lingual artery give off?
Dorsal lingual arteries
Deep lingual arteries
132
What 2 branches on lingual arteries does the lingual artery give off?
Dorsal lingual arteries
Deep lingual arteries
133
Which cranial nerve gives sensory + taste sensation to the most posterior part of the tongue?
Vagus nerve X
134
Which cranial nerve gives sensory + taste sensation to the area of tongue posterior to the sulcus terminalis?
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
135
Which nerve gives touch, temperature and pain sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Lingual nerve, from the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve V
136
Which nerve give taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Chorda tympani, from the facial nerve VII
137
Name the 5 main muscles of facial expression
Orbicularis oculi
Frontalis
Occipitalis
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
138
What is the origin of orbiculares oculi?
Medial palpebral ligament
139
What is the insertion of orbicularis oculi?
Lateral palpebral ligament
140
What is the action of orbiculares oculi?
Gentle closing of the eyelids
141
What innervates orbiculares oculi?
Facial nerve
142
What is the origin of frontal?
Skin of eyebrows
143
What is the origin of frontal?
Skin of eyebrows
144
What is the insertion of frontalis?
Superior epicranial aponeurosis
145
What is the action of frontalis?
Wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows
146
What innervates frontalis?
Facial nerve
147
What is the origin of occipitalis?
Lateral part of the superior nuchal line
148
What is the insertion of occipitalis?
Epicranial aponeurosis
149
What is the action of occipitalis?
Draws scalp backwards
150
What innervates occipitalis?
Facial nerve
151
What is the origin of orbicularis oris?
No bony origin, from the muscles in the maxillary and mandibular area
152
What is the insertion of oribularis oris?
Attaches to the lips
153
What is the action of orbiculares oris?
Closes and protrudes the lips
154
What innervates orbiculares oris?
Facial nerve
155
What is the origin of buccinator?
Posterior part of maxilla and mandible
156
What is the insertion of buccinator?
Blends onto orbiculares oris and the lips
157
What is the action of buccinator?
Presses cheek against the teeth, compresses cheek when they are distended (helps with chewing)
158
What innervates buccinator?
Facial nerve
159
Is the facial artery a branch if the internal or external carotid?
External carotid
160
Which 2 vessels does the facial artery anastomose with?
Superficial temporal artery
Orbital and scalp vessels
161
Describe the pathway of the facial artery
Passes across the mandible and moves past mouth to the side of the nose, then anastomoses
161
Describe the pathway of the facial artery
Passes across the mandible and moves past mouth to the side of the nose, then anastomoses
162
Describe the pathway of the facial vein
Follows the pathway of the facial artery
163
What does the facial vein drain into?
Joins the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein. This then drains into the internal jugular vein
164
With which veins does the facial vein communicate with?
Orbital veins
Intracranial sinuses
165
What is the clinical importance of the facial vein being connected to the intracranial region via the intracranial sinuses?
Means infections can easily spread form the region of the face or orbit and into the cranium
166
Is the facial nerve entirely motor or sensory?
The facial nerve has only motor control
166
Is the facial nerve entirely motor or sensory?
The facial nerve has only motor control
167
Which muscles are innervated by the facial nerve?
All facial muscles apart from muscles of mastication
167
Which muscles are innervated by the facial nerve?
All facial muscles
168
Name the 6 main terminal branches of the facial nerve
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
Posterior auricular
169
What does the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve innervate?
Posterior belly of the digastric
Stylohyoid
170
What nerve branch gives sensory innervation to the face?
Cutaneous branches of the maxillary, mandibular, ophthalmic division of the facial nerve
170
What nerve branch gives sensory innervation to the face?
Cutaneous branches of the maxillary division of the facial nerve
171
Is Bell's palsy an upper or lower motor neurone lesion?
It is a LMN lesion
172
Is stroke an upper or lower motor neurone lesion?
It is an UMN lesion
172
Is stroke an upper or lower motor neurone lesion?
It is an UMN lesion
173
What is the visible difference oil a patient between Bell's palsy and stroke?
Bell's palsy -> whole face droops, all facial muscles affected
Stroke -> eyebrows can still be raised as they are innervated by both left and right side of the brain
174
Which branches of the facial nerve supply the platysma muscle?
Cervical branches
175
From which cranial nerve is the greater petrosal nerve a branch of?
Facial nerve
176
From which cranial nerve is the greater petrosal nerve a branch of?
Facial nerve
177
What does the greater petrosal nerve supply?
Lacrimal gland
178
From which cranial nerve is the chords tympani a branch of?
Facial nerve
179
What does chords tympani supply?
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue (taste)
179
What does chords tympani supply?
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue (taste)
180
Parasympathetic fibres to which 2 glands travel with chords tympani?
Submandibular and sublingual glands
181
Which 2 congenital abnormalities can rise from incomplete fusion of the maxillary and mandibular arch in development?
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
181
Which 2 congenital abnormalities can rise from incomplete fusion of the maxillary and mandibular arch in development?
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
182
At which part of the mandible are fracture more serious and may need intervention?
Ascending ramus of the mandible
182
At which part of the mandible are fracture more serious and may need intervention?
Ascending ramus of the mandible
183
What is the main indication of Bell's palsy?
Inability to screw eyes shut or show teeth on one side or both sides
184
What is the main indication of stroke?
Can still voluntarily move muscles around eye and forehead
185
During swallowing, there is a brief interruption of _________
Breathing
186
What is a symptom of bulbar's palsy?
Choking and passing of food up into nose
187
What is a symptom of bulbar's palsy?
Choking and passing of food up into nose
188
Contraction of which muscle of the pharynx initiates passage of food bolus through oesophagus?
Cricopharyngeus
