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Anatomy Y2 > Movement and Muscles of the Hand > Flashcards

Movement and Muscles of the Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Does the thumb have a middle phalanx?

A

No, it only has a proximal and distal phalanx

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2
Q

Why is pisiform not strictly a carpal bone?

A

It is a sesamoid bone (similar to patella)

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3
Q

What is the function of the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?

A

It connects the metacarpal joints of digits 2-5 which restricts their movement. Thumb is not included therefore is much more mobile.

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4
Q

Where are the palmar ligaments located on the hand?

A

Between the carpal bones

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5
Q

Which superficial flexor muscle does the palmar aponeurosis connect to?

A

Palmaris longus

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6
Q

What is the function of the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Protects deep structures of the hand (nerves, arteries)

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7
Q

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Ligament prevents the extensors on the fingers from bowing out so they remain close to the joint.

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8
Q

Which is larger, flexor or extensor retinaculum?

A

Flexor retinaculum is larger because we flex the hand more than we extend it

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8
Q

Which is larger, flexor or extensor retinaculum?

A

Flexor retinaculum is larger because we flex the hand more than we extend it

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9
Q

Tendons of which muscles form the extensor hood of the fingers?

A

Tendons of the posterior extrinsic muscles (APL, EPL, EPB, ECRL, ECRB, ECU, EDM, EI, ED)

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10
Q

Where do the extensor hoods attach on the digits?

A

The distal and middle phalanges

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11
Q

Where do extensor hoods attach on the thumb?

A

The proximal and distal phalanges

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12
Q

Is the lumbrical muscle or dorsal interosseus muscle deep to the flexor digitorum profundus tendon on the anterior surface of the hand?

A

The dorsal interosseus muscle is deep to the flexor digitorum profundus, lumbrical muscles are superficial to the flexor digitorum profundus

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13
Q

Name the 2 ligaments involved in the extensor hoods of the fingers

A

Palmar ligaments
Deep transverse metacarpal ligament

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14
Q

Is the extensor digitorum tendon on the posterior surface of the hand deep or superficial to the deep transverse metacarpal ligament?

A

The extensor digitorum tendon lies deep to the deep transverse metacarpal ligament

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15
Q

Is the fibrous digital sheath and synovial sheath on the anterior or posterior surface of the hand?

A

On the anterior surface of the hand

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16
Q

Is the fibrous digital sheath and synovial sheath on anterior surface of hand deep or superficial to the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis?

A

It is deep to the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

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17
Q

Is the fibrous digital sheath and synovial on the anterior surface of the hand deep or superficial to the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

It is superficial to the intrinsic muscles of the hand

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18
Q

Is the carpal tunnel deep or superficial to the intrinsic muscles of the finger?

A

The carpal tunnel is superficial to the intrinsic muscles of the fingers

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19
Q

What can cause a scaphoid fracture?

A

Falling on an outstretched hand

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20
Q

If a scaphoid fracture is missed what can occur in later life?

A

Wrist arthritis

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21
Q

What can be damaged from a lunate fracture?

A

Median nerve

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22
Q

Which metacarpal is damaged in Boxer’s fracture?

A

5th metacarpal

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23
Q

What can cause Boxer’s fracture?

A

Striking an object with a clenched fist

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24
Q

Which metacarpal is damaged in Bennett’s fracture?

A

1st metacarpal

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25
Q

What causes Bennett’s fracture?

A

Hyperabduction of the thumb

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26
Q

What is the name of the presentation of median nerve palsy?

A

Benediction hand

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27
Q

What is the presentation of ulnar nerve palsy?

A

Claw hand, hyperextension of metacarpophalangeal joint and flexion of interphalangeal joint

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28
Q

Why is ulnar nerve palsy not as bad if the injury occurs further up the forearm?

A

The muscle innervated by the ulnar nerve is more affected, so tendon flexors closer to the fingers and not as clawed

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28
Q

Why is ulnar nerve palsy not as bad if the injury occurs further up the forearm?

A

The muscle innervated by the ulnar nerve is more affected, so tendon flexors closer to the fingers and not as clawed

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29
Q

What is the presentation of radial nerve injury?

A

Wrist drop, loss of sensation in back of hand

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30
Q

Which tendons enable flexion of the distal phalanges, flexor digitorum superficialis or profundus?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

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30
Q

Which tendons enable flexion of the distal phalanges, flexor digitorum superficialis or profundus?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

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31
Q

Which carpal bone is at the medial side of the carpal tunnel?

A

Hook of hamate and pisiform

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32
Q

Which carpal bone is at the lateral side of the carpal tunnel?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium

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33
Q

Which branch of the median nerve is given off before the carpal tunnel and travels superficially to the flexor retinaculum?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch

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34
Q

What 2 branches does the median nerve divide into after the carpal tunnel?

A

Recurrent branch and palmar digital nerves

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34
Q

What 2 branches does the median nerve divide into after the carpal tunnel?

A

Recurrent branch and palmar digital nerves

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35
Q

Which flexor tendons are kept within their own synovial sheath?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (4) Flexor digitorum prfoundus (4)

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36
Q

Which flexor tendon is within the carpal tendon but in its own synovial sheath?

A

Flexor pollicis longus

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37
Q

Which flexor tendon is within the flexor retinaculum but not carpal tunnel and has its own synovial sheath?

A

Flexor carpi radials

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37
Q

Which flexor tendon is within the flexor retinaculum but not carpal tunnel and has its own synovial sheath?

A

Flexor carpi radials

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38
Q

What tendon allows flexion on the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis longus

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39
Q

How many lumbrical muscles of the hands are there?

A

4

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40
Q

Are the first and second lumbricals unipennate or bipennate?

A

Unipennate

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41
Q

Are the third and fourth lumbricals unipennate or bipennate?

A

Bipennate

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42
Q

What is the origin of the lumbrical muscles of the anterior surface of hand?

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

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43
Q

What is the insertion of the lumbrical muscles of the anterior surface of the hand?

A

Extensor hoods of the fingers

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44
Q

What is the action of the lumbrical muscles of the anterior surface of the hand?

A

Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joints

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45
Q

What innervates the 2nd and 3rd lateral digits?

A

Digital branches of the median nerve

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46
Q

What innervates the 4th and 5th medial digits?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

47
Q

How many muscles make up the thenar muscles?

A

3

48
Q

Name the 3 thenar muscles

A

Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis

49
Q

What is the origin of opponens pollicis?

A

Tubercle of trapezium

50
Q

What is the insertion of opponens pollicis?

A

Radial / Lateral side of first metacarpal

51
Q

What innervates opponens pollicis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

52
Q

What is the origin of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Tubercle of scaphoid

53
Q

What is the insertion of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Radial / Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb

54
Q

What is the action of opponens pollicis?

A

Opposition of the thumb

55
Q

What is the action of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abduction of the thumb

56
Q

What innervates abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

57
Q

What is the origin of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum, and trapezium

58
Q

What is the insertion of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

59
Q

What innervates flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

60
Q

What is the action of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexion of the thumb

61
Q

What is the origin of the adductor pollicis?

A

3rd metacarpal (one head)
Capitate and base of metacarpal 2+3 (second head)

62
Q

What is the insertion of adductor pollicis?

A

Base of the proximal phalanx of thumb

63
Q

What innervates the adductor pollicis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

64
Q

What is the action of adductor pollicis?

A

Adduction of the thumb

65
Q

Is the thenar eminence lateral or medial?

A

Lateral

66
Q

Is the hypothenar eminence lateral or medial?

A

Medial

67
Q

How many hypothenar muscles are there?

A

3

68
Q

Name the 3 hypothenar muscles

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

69
Q

What is the origin of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Hooke of hamate and flexor retincaculum

70
Q

What is the insertion of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Ulnar / Medial side of 5th metacarpal

71
Q

What is the innervation of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

72
Q

What is the action of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Opposition of little finger

73
Q

What is the origin of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Pisiform

74
Q

What is the insertion of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Base of 5th proximal phalanx

75
Q

What innervates abductor digiti minimi?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

76
Q

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abduction of little finger

77
Q

What is the origin of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Hook of hamate of flexor retinaculum

78
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Base of 5th proximal phalanx

79
Q

What innervates flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

80
Q

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexion of little finger

80
Q

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexion of little finger

81
Q

What artery passes between the heads of adductor pollicis?

A

Radial artery

82
Q

Name the 2 groups of interossei on the palm

A

Dorsal
Palmar

83
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there?

A

4

84
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal interossei?

A

Shafts of the metacarpals

85
Q

What is the insertion of the dorsal interossei?

A

Extensor hoods and base of the first phalanxes

86
Q

What innervates the dorsal interossei of the palm?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

87
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei of the palm?

A

Abduction of the digits

88
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

A

3

89
Q

What is the origin of the palmar interossei?

A

Shaft of metacarpals

90
Q

What is the insertion of the palmar interossei?

A

Extensor hoods and proximal phalanxes

91
Q

What innervates the palmar interossei?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

92
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction of the fingers

93
Q

Name an intrinsic muscle of the hand that does not attach to a bone

A

Palmaris brevis

94
Q

What is the origin of palmaris brevis?

A

Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

95
Q

What is the insertion of palmaris brevis?

A

Dermis of medial margin of hand

96
Q

What innervates palmaris brevis?

A

Superficial branch of ulnar nerve

97
Q

What is the action of palmaris brevis?

A

Deepens curvature of hand to improve grip

98
Q

What structures pass over the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial artery
Cephalic vein
Superficial branches of radial nerve

98
Q

What structures pass over the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial artery
Cephalic vein
Superficial branches of radial nerve

99
Q

What forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium
Tendons of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

100
Q

What does the recurrent branch of median nerve innervate?

A

Thenar muscles (motor)

101
Q

What does the palmar digital nerve branch of median nerve innervate?

A

Tips of lateral 3.5 digits and palmar surface (sensory)
Lateral 2 lumbricals (motor)

102
Q

What does the ulnar nerve branch into in the hand?

A

Deep branch and superficial branch

103
Q

What does the deep branch of ulnar nerve innervate?

A

All hand muscles apart from 3 thenar muscles and 2 lateral lumbricals (motor)

104
Q

What does the superficial branch of ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Medial 1.5 digits, mostly sensory

105
Q

What branch of the radial nerve is present within the hand?

A

The superficial branch of radial nerve

106
Q

What does the superficial branch of radial nerve innervate in the hand?

A

Dorsal aspect of lateral 3.5 digits and dorsal aspect of palm, small part of the anterior lateral part of palm, only sensory

107
Q

Is the superficial palmar arch of ulnar artery deep or superficial to the adductor pollicis?

A

It is superficial to adductor pollicis

108
Q

How many arteries comes off the superficial palmar arch of the posterior side of hand?

A

4

109
Q

What is the main artery of the hand leading to the superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

110
Q

Name the 4 arteries that come off the superficial palmar arch

A

1 unnamed artery
3 palmar digital arteries
(covers medial 4 digits)

111
Q

What artery does the superficial palmar arch join to laterally?

A

Radial artery

112
Q

What is the main artery of the hand leading to the deep palmar branch?

A

Radial artery

113
Q

How many arteries come off the deep palmar arch?

A

5

114
Q

Name the 5 arteries that come off the deep palmar arch?

A

Princeps pollicis artery
Radialis indicis artery
(Lateral 2 digits)
3 palmar metacarpal arteries

115
Q

What artery does the deep palmar arch attach to medially?

A

Deep ulnar artery

116
Q

Are proper palmar digital arteries on the proximal or distal part of the digit?

A

On the distal part of the digit

117
Q

Are common palmar digital arteries of the proximal or distal part of the digit?

A

One the proximal part of the digit

118
Q

Name the structure by which the basilic and cephalic vein join on the dorsal surface of the hand

A

Dorsal venous arch

119
Q

Which vein travels medially along the arm?

A

Basilic vein

120
Q

Which vein travels laterally along the arm?

A

Cephalic vein

Anatomy Y2 (18 decks)

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