Theraputic Nutrition

Question 1

what is theraputic nutrition

Answer 1

nutrition aimed at preventing or lessening the signs of disease

Question 2

renal disease is most commonly seen in

Answer 2

older animals and intact males

Question 3

examples of infections that can cause renal disease

Answer 3

systemic leptospira, acending (e coli, staph, strep) works its way up to kidneys (cystitis, prostatitis, pyometra)

Question 4

toxic causes of kidney disease

Answer 4

ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)- forms crystals in urine that damage nephrons, heavy metals (lead or arsenic), drugs (sulfas, aminoglycosides, NSAIDs

Question 5

why we may give an animal that has ingested ethylene glycol IV alcohol or IV 4 methy pyrazole

Answer 5

liver prefers to detoxify, will allow ethylene alcohol to pass

Question 6

cancers that may cause kidney disease

Answer 6

lymphosarcoma, FeLV

Question 7

breeds congenitally predisposed to kidney disease

Answer 7

Shih Tzus, persian cats (polycystic kidney disease PKD)

Question 8

signs of azotemia/uremia occur when >__% of nephrons are destroyed
with over >65% we will see..

Answer 8

>75%= azotemia/uremia
>65%= isothenuria (cant concentrate urine, v dilute urine)

Question 9

why animals w kidney disease may smell

Answer 9

creatinine and BUN in blood, toxins come out thro pores

Question 10

uremia signs

Answer 10

acidosis, dehydration, stomatitis (sores in mouth), urine breath, V/D, PU/PD
w kidney disease may also have weight loss and loss of appetite

Question 11

define oliguric

Answer 11

small amount of urine

Question 12

difference in signs of acute and chronic renal failure

Answer 12

acute- oliguric/anuric, may have fever, usu good shape/not thin
chronic- PU/PD, usu thin

Question 13

why an animal w chronic kidney failure may be anemic

Answer 13

lack erythropoietin made in kidneys

Question 14

drugs to give if animal w ARF is anuric

Answer 14

Lasix or Mannitol (help make more urine)

Question 15

main therapies for renal failure

Answer 15

flush system w LRS, mannitol or lasix if anuric, decrease nitrogen waste

Question 16

how we can decrease the nitrogenous wastes being made in a patient in renal failure

Answer 16

decrease protein fed, increase protein quality, increase biological/digestibility (ones w essential amino acids, used by body rather than excreted), feed purina NF or Hills KD, decrease sodium intake

Question 17

how purina NF or hills KD is good for renal disease

Answer 17

low sodium (salt retains water making kidenys work harder), low protein, low pH

Question 18

what is renal secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 18

high blood Ph from renal disease causes calcium to be taken from bones to try and correct Ca:Ph ratio

Question 19

how to treat hyperphosphatenemia from renal disease

Answer 19

oral phosphate binders (allows Ph to pass rather than be absorbed)

Question 20

why chronic renal failure can lead to hypovitamindosis

Answer 20

vitamins lost thro urine due to PU/PD, intake further reduced bc animal doesnt feel good

Question 21

how to treat anemia caused by CRF

Answer 21

injectable erythropoietin

Question 22

why we give Tumil-K to animals in renal failure

Answer 22

correct hypokalemia (K lost in urine)

Question 23

why we must decrease stress in animal w kidney disease

Answer 23

cortisol from adrenal glands causes catabolism (lose more weight, more protein breakdown from muscle breakdown)

Question 24

how to treat/prevent gastric ulceration due to acidity from renal disease

Answer 24

Cimetidine (decreases stomach acid),

give coating agents like sucralfate (coats stomach)

Question 25

why we see PU/PD in CRF

Answer 25

bodys attempt to remove waste in blood