Theraputic Nutrition Flashcards
what is theraputic nutrition
nutrition aimed at preventing or lessening the signs of disease
renal disease is most commonly seen in
older animals and intact males
examples of infections that can cause renal disease
systemic leptospira, acending (e coli, staph, strep) works its way up to kidneys (cystitis, prostatitis, pyometra)
toxic causes of kidney disease
ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)- forms crystals in urine that damage nephrons, heavy metals (lead or arsenic), drugs (sulfas, aminoglycosides, NSAIDs
why we may give an animal that has ingested ethylene glycol IV alcohol or IV 4 methy pyrazole
liver prefers to detoxify, will allow ethylene alcohol to pass
cancers that may cause kidney disease
lymphosarcoma, FeLV
breeds congenitally predisposed to kidney disease
Shih Tzus, persian cats (polycystic kidney disease PKD)
signs of azotemia/uremia occur when >__% of nephrons are destroyed
with over >65% we will see..
>75%= azotemia/uremia >65%= isothenuria (cant concentrate urine, v dilute urine)
why animals w kidney disease may smell
creatinine and BUN in blood, toxins come out thro pores
uremia signs
acidosis, dehydration, stomatitis (sores in mouth), urine breath, V/D, PU/PD
w kidney disease may also have weight loss and loss of appetite
define oliguric
small amount of urine
difference in signs of acute and chronic renal failure
acute- oliguric/anuric, may have fever, usu good shape/not thin
chronic- PU/PD, usu thin
why an animal w chronic kidney failure may be anemic
lack erythropoietin made in kidneys
drugs to give if animal w ARF is anuric
Lasix or Mannitol (help make more urine)
main therapies for renal failure
flush system w LRS, mannitol or lasix if anuric, decrease nitrogen waste
how we can decrease the nitrogenous wastes being made in a patient in renal failure
decrease protein fed, increase protein quality, increase biological/digestibility (ones w essential amino acids, used by body rather than excreted), feed purina NF or Hills KD, decrease sodium intake
how purina NF or hills KD is good for renal disease
low sodium (salt retains water making kidenys work harder), low protein, low pH
what is renal secondary hyperparathyroidism
high blood Ph from renal disease causes calcium to be taken from bones to try and correct Ca:Ph ratio
how to treat hyperphosphatenemia from renal disease
oral phosphate binders (allows Ph to pass rather than be absorbed)
why chronic renal failure can lead to hypovitamindosis
vitamins lost thro urine due to PU/PD, intake further reduced bc animal doesnt feel good
how to treat anemia caused by CRF
injectable erythropoietin
why we give Tumil-K to animals in renal failure
correct hypokalemia (K lost in urine)
why we must decrease stress in animal w kidney disease
cortisol from adrenal glands causes catabolism (lose more weight, more protein breakdown from muscle breakdown)
how to treat/prevent gastric ulceration due to acidity from renal disease
Cimetidine (decreases stomach acid),
give coating agents like sucralfate (coats stomach)
why we see PU/PD in CRF
bodys attempt to remove waste in blood
