8: Pet Foods Flashcards
what association determines species guidelines
national research council (NRC)
what association determines what ingredients are okay
Food and Drug administration (FDA)
what association defines ingredients, sets up feeding trials, and sets labeling laws
Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)
according to AFFCO, one label statement states that food may not be complete if…
it has some nutritional claim with evidence
list in order of increasing quality: private label, premium brands, generic, and national brands
Generic, Private, National, Premium
supermarket brands of pet food fall under what type of food category
Private label
what are variable formula diets, what types of food does this apply
have same specifications all the time but variable ingredients; Generic, private, or national brands
what is a fixed formula diet, what types of food apply
same ingredients always; premium brands
cheap food w higher plant protein result in (d/c)
higher ph, FLUTD and burned lawns
more fiber leads to ___digestibility and ___ feces
decreased digestibility, more feces
less fiber leads to ____ digestibility and ___ feces
increased digestibility, less feces
why premium foods ultimately cost less than cheap foods
energy needs met sooner, animal eats less
dry food must be less than __% moisture
<12%
what is digest
coating sprayed on dry food (kibble) to enhance flavor or cover inadequacies. animal tissue that is broken down
how to make dry food more palatable to dogs
moisten
what are fines
smaller particles at bottom of kibble
semi-moist or semi-dry has __-__% moisture
30-50%
what form of pet food has highest digestibility
semi-moist/ semi-dry
canned food has up to __% moisture (__% if in sauce or gravy)
up to 78% moisture, 82% if in sauce or gravy
problems with “gourmet” wet food (as opposed to ration type)
expensive, may have inverted Ca:P (high meat), may be hard on kidneys due to high protein, may lead to food fixation
the __ on pet food packaging is a legal document under FDA control
the label
what the label tells us
type of product, price, manufacturer (or packer or distributor)
difference between “Beef flavor”, “Beef Dinner”, and “Beef” as product name on label
Flavor= not a significant % Dinner= 10% beef or liver Beef= 25% or more
what is on a guaranteed analysis on a label
amounts of specific nutrients (not actual values); minimums and maximums
T or F; calorie and ash claims are required
F
list of ingredients are in descending order meaning
the first listed is highest quantity and so on
on canned food, animal source protein should be how high up on ingredient list?
1st or 2nd
in dry food, animal source protein should be how high up on ingredient list
1st 2nd or 3rd
the nutritional adequacy statements says
indicates product has been AAFCO tested/certified; says “formulated to meet nutrient profiles”(calculation) or “feeding tests used”
what are digestion trials
determine digestibility, bombcalorimeter measures CP food- CP feces= % digestibility; trial run on large population
what are palatability trials
determines animal acceptance, smell taste and mouth feel, animal given 2 diets side by side (for 10-20 min for dogs, 15-18 hrs for cats), judged by first bite and volume eaten, tests given over several days
ways to increase odor (increasing palatability)
warm or stir
texture is more significant in dogs or cats, how to better mouth feel
cats; for dogs wet their food (doesnt usually work in cats)
ph cats and dogs prefer in food
acidic (3.5-5) especially cats
how trials are conducted to see if animals nutrient needs are being met
diet is fed to target group (growing, pregnant, etc.), one group fed test diet (experimental), the other is fed a diet already known to meet needs, compared
what are acceptability studies
determine if animal will eat enough to maintain weight
breed of dog usually used for feeding trials
beagles (similar weights and looks)
meat vs meat by-product
meat= skeletal muscle tissue from animals/birds
meat by-product= parts of carcass, not skeletal muscle tissue
what is meat by-product meal
meat by-products clean, rendered, and ground
why a diet that is only meat can be dangerous
inverse Ca:P ratio, also deficient in vitamin D and other minerals
high fish diets lead to
steatitis/ vitamin E deficiency (fish usu have high fat content, vitamin E diluted out)
