A And P Review Flashcards
List from shortest to longest GI tract
Omnivores, carnivores, herbivores
Carnivores, omnivores, herbivores
Cats are obligate carnivores meaning
Must consume meat, can’t use fiber as an energy source bc can’t ferment
Why plants may cause vomiting in carnivores
Plant proteins contain high levels of amino acid glutamic acid
Examples of omnivores
Dogs, pigs, bears
Ruminants are omnivores or herbivores
Herbivores
Prehension v mastication
Prehension- taking in f/w w lips teeth or tongue
Mastication- reduction of particle size by chewing
What saliva is made of
Water, mucous, bicarbonate (helps buffer stomach pH), enzyme amylase for carb breakdown (only some species)
What the parietal cells in the stomach do
Make HCL to break down particles and make intrinsic factor to aid in B12 absorption
Why lack of B 12 leads to anemia
B12 = cobalamine needed for RBC production
What the chief cells in the stomach do
Make pepsin to digest protein
The small intestine is lined with _________ for nutrient absorption time
Villi and microvilli, have capillaries to carry nutrients
How parvo makes animal unable to absorb nutrients
Kills villi in small intestine
What the pancreas does
Releases exocrine enzymes via pancreatic duct into duodenum
Amylase- carb digestion
Lipase- fat digestion
Trypsin- protein digestion
Black tarry feces indicates bleeding where?
Bright red blood in feces?
Dark- stomach or small intestine (digested)
Bright red- large intestine, rectum or anus
How the liver/ gall bladder help fat digestion
Bile made in liver. Release via bile duct into duodenum
What occurs in the large intestine
Fermentation, no digestion
List the hind gut (cecum) fermenters
Rabbits, horses, chickens
What occurs in the colon of the large intestine
Mostly water reabsorption, some bacterial action
What the rectum is used for
Storage of feces
What may cause hard stool
Not enough water (water absorbed from feces) or not enough insoluble fiber
How many stomach compartments rabbits and guinea pigs have ?
Where do they ferment?
Monogastric
Hind gut fermenters (cecum)
How Medicine containing mono sodium gluconate (MSG) prevents coprophagy in dogs
Makes feces taste funny
Microbes in rumen or cecum help make
B vitamins, vitamin K, amino acids
How many compartments pseudoruminants have
3
3rd is true stomach, 4th in ruminants
Why birds swallow food whole
No teeth for mastication
What the bird crop is for
Temp storage
What is the true stomach in birds
Proventriculus
Why birds eat pebbles
Goes to gizzard to perform mastication
What is chyme
Food + HCL+ enzymes
How many ceca birds have
2
Why foals May eat moms feces in first few days of life
Inoculate intestinal tract w gut bacteria
Diet conversion method dr bean prefers
Ten day gradual method
